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2. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lecture, students will be able to:
a) review disease process of Diabetes mellitus
b) discuss the role of insulin in metabolic process
c) discuss different types of anti-diabetic agents with
their mode of action, side effects and care
d) list the principles of therapy for all anti-diabetic
agents
e) state the reasons for combinations of insuli and oral
hypoglycemic agents.
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3. DIABETES MELLITUS
 Disorder
of carbohydrate, fat and protein
metabolism caused by lack or inefficient
use of insulin in the body.
 Diabetes
is classified as:
 Type –I (IDDM)
 Type – II (NIDDM)
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4. Disease process of Diabetes mellitus
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5. INSULIN
 Sources
of insulin:
 Bovine insulin
 Porcine insulin
 Human insulin

Uses
 Pharmacokinetics:
 Injected as SC, IM, IV
 Peak plasma concentration attain in 6090min.
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6. Insulin preparations

Insulin preparations differ with respect to their:
 Source
 Strength
 Formulation


Dose: 0.3units/kg (16 – 20units daily)
Adverse effects of insulin:
 Hypoglycemia
 Lipodystrophy
 Allergic reactions
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7. ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS:
Sulphonylureas:
Example: Glibenclamide
Gliclazide
Glipizide
Glimepride
1.
2. Biguanide:
Example: Metformin
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8. ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS:
Thiazolidinediones:
Example: Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone
3.
Meglitinide:
Example: Repaglinide
Netaglinide
4.
5.
Alpha- glucidose inhibitors:
Example: Acarbose
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9. Nursing process
 Assessment,
Potential nursing diagnosis
 Planning
 Implementation
 Evaluation
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10. Nursing process
 Assessment,
Potential nursing diagnosis
 Planning
 Implementation
 Evaluation
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