2. Indus River Valley
3200 BCE- 600 BCE

3. Harappan
Society

4. Grid Pattern
Modern Plumping
systems

5. Powerful leaders and well
organized government

6. Agriculture Surplus

7. Most people= famers. Grew
wheat, barley, melons, and dates.

8. First to cultivate
cotton and weave its
fiber into cloth

9. Trade

10. Contact with Sumer
may have
stimulated Indus
people to develop
their own writing
system.

13. Polytheistic Beliefs

14. Polytheistic.

15. Decline and Disappearance

16. invaded by Aryans

21. The early Aryans did not use writing, but they
pass on their poems and songs by memorizing
them and transmitting them orally from one
generation to another in their sacred
language, Sanskrit.

22. 1500 BCE – 500 BCE
Vedic Age

23. The earliest of these orally transmitted works
were the Vedas which were collection of
hymns songs, prayers, and rituals.

25. They learned to make
iron tools and with
axes and iron tipped
plows they cleared
forests and
established
agricultural
communities in the
Ganges valley.

28. priests (brahmins);
warriors and aristocrats
(kshatriyas); cultivators,
artisans and merchants
(vaishyas) and landless
peasants and serfs
(shudras). The last
category is the
untouchables- people
who performed dirty or
unpleasant tasks such as
butchering animals or
handling dead bodies.

34. Aryans constructed a strong patriarchal social
order on the basis of gender distinctions. All
priests, warriors, and tribal chiefs were men
and the Aryans recognized descent through
the male line. Women influenced affairs within
their own families but enjoyed no public
authority. Females couldn’t inherit property
unless a family had no male heirs. They are
also not allowed to preside over rituals. Formal
education in Sanskrit remained exclusively for
males. In the Lawbook of Manu written by an
Aryan sage, it describes that men are to treat
women with honor and respect, and that
women remain subject to the guidance of the
principal men in their lives. The most
important duties of women were to bear
children, and maintain wholesome homes for
their families.

35. Myint
Myat, Sary, Zarhayda, Jack, Aqua, Suzin