1. Air Pollution in Kazakhstan
The dangerously high level of air pollution in Kazakhstan, due to multiple sources including various
industrial enterprises and automobile emissions, is threatening the health and well being of Kazakhstani
citizens.
Lead
Мetal that is emitted into the air as small particles (from automobile emissions, industrial emissions)
Auto transport emits polluting substances (sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide) with exhausted gas which
total at over 2 million tons.
Contribution of auto emissions to the air basin pollution has reached more than 60% in recent years
90% in Almaty Substance Level
Emissions from stationary sources surveyed in 1999 resulted in 2308 thousand tons of polluting
substances.
Sources of Pollution
A 1998-99 analysis of various economic activities and their role in air pollution showed the
following enterprises to be at fault:
-Industrial pollution
-Production of Crude
-Oil/Natural Gas
-Manufacturing
-Metallurgy
-Production of Materials for Power
-Production/Distribution of Gas, Electric Power, and Water
-Automobile emissions
-Mining Activity
-Transport and Communication
-Radioactive/Nuclear testing
Industrial Enterprises
The majority of the Kazakhstan population resides in areas around or near industrial centers, due to the
job opportunities offered in these areas.
About 1/3 of these enterprises have no sanitary zones meeting size standards.
Besides harmful chemicals and emissions, residents living near industrial centers experience pollution in
the form of noise, electric magnet fields, dust, and vibration.
These enterprises emit dangerous levels of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon
monoxide, and other toxic pollutants.

2. Oil and Gas Enterprises
Substances emitted by these industries are relatively dense. Many are emitted without
treatment.Treatment methods are either not up to code or in some cases simply not implemented at all.
In 2002, the total gas and oil enterprise emissions gone untreated reached 7.7% .Тhese emissions
include dangerous chemicals such as nitrogen oxides, carbondioxides, sulphur dioxides,
benzypyrene, and also suspended dust particles.
Balkhash Copper
Lake Balkhash region suffers greatly from disulphide pollution Balkash Copper Smelter recently
restarted operation after a long period of Idleness .Copper is produced without purification
in the utilization of disulphide.The operation also creates dust, sulphur, and nitrogen oxide
pollution.
Nuclear Radiation
After effects of nuclear arms testing in the Semipalatinsk Nuclear .Testing Range left Kazakhstan
territories as “Environmental Disaster Zones”.From 1949-1989, radioactive fall-out over the bordering
territories occupied over 300,000 km including Pavlodar, Karagandin, and Eastern KazakhstanOblasts

3. Effects on Kazakhstan
In recent years, vital statistics have continued to deteriorate at a rapid rate due to multiple factors,
including the high level of air pollution.For example, birth rates decreased from 19.9 in 1992 to 14.9 in
1997 (down by 25.2%).
Mortality rate increased from 8.1 in 1991 to 10.2 (up by 20.6%)
Health Hazards
The incidence rates of communicable and non-communicable diseases have increased.
Natural population growth has dropped from 11.8% in 1992 to 4.6% in 1997 (or by 2.6
times).Deterioration of various health factors have been mainly caused by both natural and occupational
environmental influences. Higher morbidity rates have been linked to increasing incidences of
conditions such as respiratory disease,nervous system and sensory organ disturbances, gastrointestinal
disease, and circulatory disease.Poor air quality has been cited as a factor in these conditions.
Tuberculosis
Among the infectious diseases, tuberculosis stands out as a problem of special concern
The number of deaths associated with tuberculosis is rising annually 11.7 (per 100,000) in 1992 and
34.6 in 1996
Harmful Emissions
Pollution has been found to have a chronically damaging impact on the health of the general population
of Kazakhstan (cancer, respiratory diseases, damage of organs and systems, reduction of total resistance,
and cardio-vascular diseases)
Health status of the populations is negatively affected by the unfavorable environmental situation,
emissions in general, and technogenic hotspots.

4. Glossary
sulphur dioxide -диоксид серы
hydrogen sulfide- сероводород
mining аctivity – горная активность
reside- жить, проживать
toxic pollutants - загрязняющие токсические вещества
benzylamine- бензиламин
idleness- бесполезность, бездействие
purification- очистка, ректификация
communicable- инфекционный
deterioration- ухудшение, истощение, разрушение
morbidity- процент смертности
gastrointestinal disease- желудочно-кишечные заболевания
cardio-vascular diseases- сердечно-сосудистые заболевания

5. МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ
РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН
СЕМИПАЛАТИНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
имени ШАКАРИМА
Гуманитарный факультет
Кафедра теории и практики перевода
ДОКЛАД
По дисциплине «Специально-профессиональный иностранный язык»
На тему: Загрязнение воздуха в Казахстане

6. Выполнила: студентка IVкурса
Группы ПД710
Амренова Зарина
Проверила:
Семей 2011