2. • Science Behind SchedulingTopic
• One HourPlanned Duration
• Open
Type of
Interaction
• Management Sciences
Area of
Knowledge
3. Definition
•Brief History and Evaluation of Scheduling
•What is Scheduling
Explanation
•Definition of related terms
•The Process of Schedule Development
Example
•Practical
4. The concept of Scheduling is not new; Sun Tzu
wrote about scheduling and strategy about
5000 years ago from a military prospective
Pyramids in Egypt (3000 years ago approx),
Transcontinental railways (200 years) ago;
None of these could have been accomplished
without some sort of scheduling i.e.,
understanding of activities and sequencing.
5. Henry L Gantt An American engineer and social scientist
invented a bar chart which we know as Gantt Chart - 1917
Kelley and Walker invented CPM -1956-57
The Pert Project invented the name “Critical Path” and
everyone else borrowed it -1957
In 1968 PERT and CPM emerged as a standard
nomenclatures
Dr. Fondhal invented a non- computerized methodology for
scheduling which is being used by every scheduling
computer package today (Precedence Diagramming Method
-1977 )
The Science of Scheduling as defined by Critical Path
Analysis “CPA” celebrated its 50th Anniversary in 2007.
6. The term Schedule means
Arrange or plan (an event) to take place at a
particular time.
Make arrangements for (someone or
something) to do something.
7. Work Breakdown Structure
Work Package
Decomposition
Rolling Wave Planning
Schedule Compression
◦ Crashing
◦ Fast Tracking
9. According to Project Management Institute, The
Following is the process from Start to End in order to
create a Project Schedule
Activity Definition
Activity Sequencing
Activity Resource Estimating
Activity Duration Estimating
Schedule Development
Schedule Control
10. Activity Definition is a process of defining
the Activities which are part of scope of
work in order to complete the Project
We drive the following things after Activity
Definition process
◦ Activity List
◦ Activity Attributes
◦ Milestone List
11. For Activity Sequencing , different
Techniques can be used which are
◦ Precedence Diagramming Method (AON)
◦ Activities can have four types of
dependencies under this method which
are
Finish to Start
Start to Start
Start to Finish
Finish to Finish
12. ◦ Arrow Diagramming Method
◦ Activities can have one type of
dependency under this method which is
Finish to Start
13. Durations in Project Network Diagram are
calculated by using the following
Early Start
Early Finish
Late Start
Late Finish
Forward Pass Calculation
Backward Pass Calculation
14. Activity Resource Estimation is a
process where the resources
(physical, human, infrastructure) are
determined
Top down or
Bottom up
Estimation
15. Activity Duration Estimation is a process where
the duration against each Activity is calculated.
Following Techniques can be used to calculated
Duration for activity
◦ Analogous Estimating
◦ Parametric Estimating
◦ Three Point Estimate or PERT Estimate
Reserve Analysis
18. ◦ Following are some methods to develop
the Project Schedule
◦ Project Network Diagram Method
◦ Critical Path Method, longest path in
project network diagram
◦ Critical Chain Method , adjusted schedule
after incorporating dead lines and
resources constraints in critical path
method
19.
20. Suppose we have a project with Following
Activities
Start
Requirement Analysis -TASK 1 – 3 Days
Development - TASK 2 – 10 Days
Installation - TASK 3 - 6 Days
Deployment - TASK 4 - 8 Days
UAT - TASK 5 - 4 Days
Close
21. Second Step would be to find the
dependencies among activities and draw a
network diagram
Lets say we have only Finish to Start
Relationship between activities as under
Start-TASK 1-TASK 2- TASK 5-End
Start –TASK 1-TASK3-TASK4-TASK5-End
22. Let us Calculate Early Start and Early Finish of
Theses Tasks by Forward Pass.