An expert in a field has significant knowledge in a specific area but may overlook connections to other domains, whereas a thinker that considers related issues from other perspectives can see parallels and analogies that provide new insights for the expert. Horizontal thinking across different but relevant areas can benefit those with deep expertise in a vertical field by helping them gain broader perspectives.

1. Expertise Vision Vertical Thinker = Significant Field Knowledge <--------------------------------------------------------------------> = Parallel or Analogous Concepts Horizontal Thinking Benefits of Horizontal Thinking to Vertical Thinkers