Improved Social Utility of P2P Streaming with a VBR-Based Substream Design

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P2P Streaming Basics (1)
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01 R.Buyya+3 -M.Zhanikeev -- maratishe@gmail.com "Content Delivery Networks" Springer LNEE, vol.9 (2008) Substream Design -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131114 --Social Utility of P2P Streaming with VBR

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P2P Streaming Basics (2)
not a tree

• P2P delivery network is
02
◦ officially: multiple complimentary trees
• each peer is normally at most

Scale

Traffic
flow

3-4 hops

away from the content server 05

realtime 03

• P2P streaming is always
◦ other content can be converted
realtime via scheduled sessions

to

…
…
…
…

02 myself+0 "...Extremely Scalable and Low Demand ... P2P Streaming ...Variable Bitrate" CANDAR (2013)
03 myself+0 "Multi-Source Stream Aggegation in the Cloud" Wiley Book on Advanced Content Delivery ... Clouds (2013)
05 P.Baccichet+3 "Low-delay Peer-to-Peer Streaming using Scalable Video Coding" Packet Video (2007)
M.Zhanikeev -- maratishe@gmail.com --

Social Utility of P2P Streaming with VBR Substream Design -- http://tinyurl.com/kyutech131114 ---

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P2P Streaming: Push vs Pull
• a well known argument 03 10
Client

Server

Client

Server

Pull

many remote peers
Push

……

pull: +RTT for every piece
• pull: high throughput requires many
•

•

push: connect once, use for a
long time

……

03 myself+0 "Multi-Source Stream Aggegation in the Cloud" Wiley Book on Advanced Content Delivery ... Clouds (2013)
10 Z.Li+4 "Towards Low-Redundancy Push-Pull P2P Live Streaming" QShine (2008)


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Push/Pull = BitTorrent/Substream
pull = BitTorrent, many existing methods 11
• push = substream method
•

◦ many services like Coolstreaming 07, Afreeca 08,
◦ also referred to as sliced or layered streaming

Uusee 09, etc...

11 C.Stais+1 "Realistic Media Streaming over BitTorrent" Future Network and Mobile Summit (2012)
07 B.Li+5 "Inside the New Coolstreaming: Principles, Measurements and Performance Implications" IEEE INFOCOM (2008)
08 K.Park+4 "An Analysis of User Dynamics in P2P Live Streaming Services" ICC (2010)
09 C.Wu+2 "Diagnosing Network-wide P2P Live Streaming Inefficiencies" IEEE INFOCOM (2009)


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The Variable World
Scale

Traffic
flow

distributions of
throughput across peers

• you normally get wide

• some method are trying to cope by applying

variable load to peers

◦ variable-size pieces in BitTorrent 06, etc.

…
…
…
…

06 C.Gurler+2 "Variable chunk size ... and ... window for P2P streaming of scalable video" ICIP (2012)


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CBR, VBR, SVC
CBR and VBR are self-explanatory, the best VBR is H.264 12
• SVC: recently introduced into H.264 and well studied 13
• SVC: think of it as configurable load distribution across frames
•

GOP

CBR
Time

Block

GOP
Frame size

Block
Frame size

Frame size

GOP

VBR
Time

Block

SVC
Time

12 "Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services" ITU-T Recommendation H.264 (2012)
13 R.Kusching+2 "An Evaluation of TCP-based Rate-Control ... Streaming of H.264/SVC" ACM SIGMM MMsys) (2010)


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VBR and SVC in Practice
real trace from 15
temporal, spatial, single-layer, etc.

• H.264 in VBR versus SVC single layer --

SVC

12

12

Frame size (kb)

Frame size (kb)

• H.264 has several modes:

8
4
0
0

20
40
60
80
Time sequence

100

VBR

8
4
0
0

20
40
60
80 100
Distribution sequence

15 P.Seeling+2 "Network Performance Evaluation with Frame Size and Quality Traces ..." IEEE Comm. Surveys... (2004)


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Methods: Formally...
parameters: block size, video format
• input: peers with variable e2e throughput
• output: mapping between blocks and peers
•

• many possible patterns:
◦ VBR with same size blocks, CBR with variable size blocks, etc.

.
data grain
.

adaptive versus fixed
.

.
peer load
.

regular of irregular
.


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Methods: Specifically
Content
BLOCK
GOP
FRAME

BLOCK

FRE

Fixed
Regular


GOP

FIR

Fixed
Irregular

FRAME

Adaptive
Irregular
AIR

This
method


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Raw Tests: Simple AIR
•

Parent A
Bigger frames
(GOP pos x)

•

traditional
dynamics: re-elect

Client
Periodic
check/update
Re -order
parents
Close
connection
Pick a
better
candidate

Parent B
Bigger frames
(GOP pos x)
Smaller frames
(GOP pos y)

GOP per peer 02

slowest parent/child
•
Only for changed
frames/parents/GOP pos

Connection
close detected

Failed to
receive

AIR: frame position in

AIR dynamics:
re-assign
on failure

•

GOP positions

features: only 1-2
parents with large throughput,
others are small



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Raw Tests: AIR Methods Work!
Lower drop probability:

0.05:0.1

0.005:0.01

0.01:0.05

0.8

0.8

0.001:0.005

1
0.8

0.6
0.4
0.2
0

CBR freeze probability

1

SVC freeze probability

VBR freeze probability

1

0.6
0.4
0.2
0

0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
VBR shape

0.6
0.4
0.2
0

0

0.12

0.24

0.36

0

SVC shape

0.5

1


1.5

CBR Level


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Utility: Formally..

{ }
distribution across }
substreams p S , with your downstream capacity C
{
{ }k
throughput/rate p R k and lag p L k prob. distributions across k peers
with F() meaning function of, the quality if your substream design for any

• load
•
•

method is:
with the obvious

rate

(C { } { } )
Q = F , p R k, p L k ,
S
ceiling of
∑
Ri ≤ S ≤ C.

(1)

(2)

i=1..k

social utility in this context is the response of your design to churn
• in practice: two
situations A and B for which utility is:
•

(evaluable scalarly)

U=

QB − QA
.
B−A


(3)

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Utility: Optimization
• obvious subject to

optimization
∑

maximize

∑

Ui,j

(4)

Ri ≤ S ≤ C,

(5)

i∈people j∈time

subject to

∑

i∈people

∑

∑

Li,j ≤ 0.

(6)

i∈people j∈time



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Utility: Simulation Models
•

crowd distributions p

{ }
{
}
R k (throughputs) y = (eax )−1 k

◦ setup: a ∈ (0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.9) and x ∈ (1..100), same to
frame size in VBR/SVC
• each

self has 10 peers, churn is emulated by dropping up to 5 peers randomly

(replaced with new)
• methods:
1.
2.

{ }
AIR: responds to churn by changing frame size distribution to mimic p R k
FIR.VBR: reassigns frames to substreams in descending order (both in rates and
frame sizes) 02

3.
4.

FIR.GOP: responds to churn by repacking blocks as multiples of GOP
{ }
06 to mimic p R
k
FRE: S is split into equal substreams, conventional parent re-election
06 C.Gurler+2 "Variable chunk size ... and ... window for P2P streaming of scalable video" ICIP (2012)



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Utility: Results
3

4

Crowd: 0.03..0.05
Utility

Utility

0
-1.5

FRE

0
-2

-3
-2

0
Change

2

4

-4

Crowd: 0.2..0.3

4

2

Utility

Utility

FIR.GOP

2

1.5

4

AIR
FIR.VBR
Crowd: 0.07..0.1

0
-2

-2

0
Change

2

4

0
Change

2

4

Crowd: 0.5..0.9

2
0
-2
-4

-4
-4

-2


0
Change

2

4

-4

-2


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Wrapup
VBR is fit for real peer crowds
• SVC is even better because transponding is easy
•
•

social utility in the AIR method shows good response both in improving and
deteriorating conditions



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That’s all, thank you ...



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[01] R.Buyya+3 (2008)
Content Delivery Networks
Springer LNEE, vol.9
[02] myself+0 (2013)
...Extremely Scalable and Low Demand ... P2P Streaming ...Variable Bitrate
CANDAR
[03] myself+0 (2013)
Multi-Source Stream Aggegation in the Cloud
Wiley Book on Advanced Content Delivery ... Clouds
[04] N.Capovilla+4 (2010)
...Distributing Scalable Content over P2P Networks
MMEDIA
[05] P.Baccichet+3 (2007)
Low-delay Peer-to-Peer Streaming using Scalable Video Coding
Packet Video


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[06] C.Gurler+2 (2012)
Variable chunk size ... and ... window for P2P streaming of scalable video
ICIP
[07] B.Li+5 (2008)
Inside the New Coolstreaming: Principles, Measurements and Performance
Implications
IEEE INFOCOM
[08] K.Park+4 (2010)
An Analysis of User Dynamics in P2P Live Streaming Services
ICC
[09] C.Wu+2 (2009)
Diagnosing Network-wide P2P Live Streaming Inefficiencies
IEEE INFOCOM
[10] Z.Li+4 (2008)
Towards Low-Redundancy Push-Pull P2P Live Streaming
QShine


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[11] C.Stais+1 (2012)
Realistic Media Streaming over BitTorrent
Future Network and Mobile Summit
[12]

(2012)
Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services
ITU-T Recommendation H.264

[13] R.Kusching+2 (2010)
An Evaluation of TCP-based Rate-Control ... Streaming of H.264/SVC
ACM SIGMM MMsys)
[14] M.Fidler+3 (2007)
Efficient Smoothing of Robust VBR Video Traffic ... Slice-Based...
CCNC
[15] P.Seeling+2 (2004)
Network Performance Evaluation with Frame Size and Quality Traces ...
IEEE Comm. Surveys...


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Improved Social Utility of P2P Streaming with a VBR-Based Substream Design

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