[Slideshare] fardhu'ain-lesson#15-arkaanul-islam -ihsan - excellence, best conduct -(12 july 2012)

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, FARDHU’AIN: CONDUCTED BY
MOST COMPASSIONATE, USTAZ ZHULKEFLEE HJ ISMAIL
MOST MERCIFUL. LESSONS FROM TEXTBOOK
“Beginners’ Manual on Islam”

Presentation by:
Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
SINGAPURA

UPDATED JULY 2012
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail 2012

The message of Islam is established upon TAUHEED – a
profound concept of attesting to the Absolute Oneness of
Allah through active submission and obedience to Allah by
adhering to the teaching of Allah’s final Messenger
Muhammad s.a.w.

Thus the two statements contain this message:


The message of Islam is established upon TAUHEED – a
profound concept of attesting to the Absolute Oneness of
Allah through active submission and obedience to Allah by
adhering to the teaching of Allah’s final Messenger
Muhammad s.a.w.

Thus the two statements contain this message:

“There is no god except Allah,
Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”


How does one “Attest” to this? How to manifest this
message in one’s life?

From Hadith Jibra-il a.s. , our Prophet enumerated the
important aspects of :


[1] ISLAM – inculcating act of submission to the Will of Allah,
essentially through establishing its pillars (Arkaan) involving
aspects of deeds , such that it will build this identity in us;

[2] IIMAN – instilling faith or conviction upon aspects of Reality
(Truth) that give meaning and purpose to our Life; it
involves affirming truth with knowledge and conviction;
replacing doubts with certainty and making it as our ‘driver
& motivation’ in life – in this world leading to the Hereafter.

Yet, being convinced of the truth (Reality) and able to
manifest this conviction correctly through acts of
submission – it is still not sufficient, unless the
consciousness of the presence of Allah s.w.t. as the only
Divine Being unto Whom we direct our servitude to,
becomes the primary reason or raison d'être.

It is not merely by Faith (Belief) that man is saved, nor by
his good works (Deeds). Even with both IIMAN and
‘AMAL, it is insufficient without a third aspect.

We are only saved by Allah’s Grace and His Merciful
Acceptance of our servitude and worship. This must be
the core attitude of every Muslim’s life striving – which
reside in the secret of our inner being; in our motive
and intention accompanying our every worship and
striving in life.

And a Muslim regard his whole life as “worship” or what
is in Arabic “IBAADAT” - which would be assessed by
Allah, Who knows:

“I have only created jinns and men, that they may
serve (worship) Me.”
(Qur’an: Dzaariyat: 51: 56)


And validity of ‘IBAADAT in the Islamic perspective,
requires that doer adhere to:

Correct belief (with IIMAN)

Correct action (with ‘AMAL)

And the most crucial which must accompany the 2 previous
aspects, is:

Correct intention (with IHSAN)
 And this (intention) is unseen to every one except Allah.


“And whether ye hide your word or manifest it, He (Allah)
certainly has (full) knowledge, of the secrets of (all) hearts.”
(Qur’an: Mulk: 67: 13)


“Should He (Allah) not know― He that created? And He (Allah)
is the One that understands the finest mysteries (and He) is
well-acquainted (with them).”
Qur’an: Mulk: 67: 14)


This concern must eventually lead us to a “spiritual state
of righteousness” i.e. being conscious of Allah at all
times, such that we become mindful in striving not to
transgress Allah’s law and fulfilling His every command.

This state of consciousness of Allah’s ever-Presence, Who
is all-Aware of our inner motive for doing what we do –
making us to direct our ‘amal (deeds) primarily to be
made accountable to Him, rather than seeking
recognition from others or for personal vanity (conceit).

This state is termed TAQWA – (consciousness with
reverential fear of Allah) the ultimate criteria of
Nobility:

“Verily the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah
is (he who is) the most TAQWA (a righteous state) of you.
And Allah has full knowledge and is well acquainted
(with all things).”
(Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 13)


Thus, to attain to TAQWA is must be with this IHSAN,
inculcating mindfulness of Allah’s presence and of His
Awareness over us.

Without which, we may become “ego-centric” because
we are already strongly aware of our own existence, not
so of Allah’s Presence – Whom:

“no vision can comprehend, whereas He alone comprehends all vision.”


 In Islam, we must not attribute to Allah s.w.t. attributes
(SIFAAT) which are inconsistent with His Transcendence
and Exaltedness e.g. limiting Him to time and place as
others in creation.
 Thus we have to follow Divine guidance by
contemplating His Signs in creation, His Attributes and
Names such that we become fully conscious His Divine
Presence, His Omniscience (ever-aware and knowing) of
us even in secrecy of our hearts.

”To Allah belongs the East and the West; wherever ye turn, there is
Allah's countenance (face). Behold! Allah is All-Embracing (Infinite),
All-Knowing. “
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 115)

16

“O my dear son,” [continued Luqman,] “verily, if there be but the
weight of a mustard-seed, and though it be [hidden] in a rock, or in
the skies, or in the earth, Allah will bring it to light: for, behold, Allah
is unfathomable [in His wisdom], all-aware.”
(Qur’an: Luqman: 31: 16)
17

 Therefore after we have learnt aspects of:

ARKAA-NUL-IIMAN

ARKAA-NUL-ISLAM

We now come to the aspect which perfects it, which is:

AL-IHSAN


In fact, this aspect is that which qualitatively
determines our acts of devotion, the worth of our
worship or servitude to Allah. It lies within our inner-
most core of our consciousness, unknown to other
people save Allah s.w.t. and our own self.

Thus outwardly people may be seen to be doing a
righteous deed, and yet their inward motives differ.


20

“(Say our life takes its) colour from Allah; and who could give a
better colour (to life) than Allah? and it is He (Alone) Whom we
worship (and serve).” (Qur’an: Surah Baqarah: 2: 138)

21

– ( IHSAN ) in Arabic means “best conduct;
performance of good deeds; righteousness; excellence
etc.”

Basically it pertains to the quality of our attesting to
the Oneness of Allah.


If ‘IIMAN’ serves to strengthen our conviction;

‘ISLAM’ guides our practices in life;

Then ‘IHSAN’ completes or perfects our “attestation
to the Oneness of Allah.”


PROPHET MUHAMMAD S.A.A.W. :

His reply to the question “what is AL-IHSAN ?”, he said :


PROPHET MUHAMMAD S.A.A.W. :

His reply to the question “what is AL-IHSAN ?”, he said :

“Al- Ihsan (righteousness or best conduct) is that you
worship (serve) Allah as though you are seeing Him;
while you see Him not, yet truly He sees you”

(Hadith reported by Muslim)


It is indeed amazing that IHSAN- “righteousness of best
conduct” has been linked by the Prophet Muhammad
s.a.a.w. to our consciousness or awareness of Allah
SWT. in our doing a good deed.

This therefore distinguishes a good deed performed by
a believer whose motivation is in ‘obedience to Allah’
from deeds performed for other reasons (even if they
are similar and generally judged as a good deeds).

 And regarding deeds or any act of devotion, he said:

“Verily, action is by intention; and verily the worth (merit) of
that action is (to be measured) in accordance
with what is intended ... ”

(Hadith reported by Bukhary & Muslim)



“ ... Thus he who migrates for the sake of Allah and His Messenger,
then his migration is for Allah and His Messenger. And he who
migrates seeking to gain worldly benefits or for the sake of
marrying a woman, then his migration is for that which
he has intended.”

(Hadith reported by Bukhary & Muslim)


Standard of righteousness or of one doing good deeds in Islam
is absolute in that, it “must be done as an act of worship, i.e. of
serving Allah s.w.t.”
Thus, apart from ensuring the act to be correct according to the
teaching of His prophet, Allah requires that it must be done
with sincerity:

31

Standard of righteousness or one doing good deeds in Islam is
absolute in that, it “must be done as an act of worship, i.e. of
serving Allah s.w.t.”
Thus, apart from ensuring the act to be correct according to the
teaching of His prophet, Allah requires that it must be done
with sincerity:

“And they have been commanded no more than this: to worship
Allah, offering Him sincere devotion, being True (in faith);”
(Qur’an: Bayyinah: 98: 5)

32

“Say: "Verily, I am commanded to serve (worship) Allah
with sincere devotion; And I am commanded to be the
first of those who bow to Allah in Islam."
(Qur’an: Zumar: 67: 11-12)

33

PROPHET MUHAMMAD S.A.A.W. SAID:

“Verily, Allah does not look at your outward form
(appearance) nor at your wealth, but He, verily will
look into (what is in) our hearts and deeds.”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary and Muslim)

34

 From this, we must understand that we Muslims should
never fall prey to conceit nor forget the actual reason for
our striving to do good is, as an act of attesting to the
Oneness of Allah; serving and worshipping only Him.
 To be sincere means:

“to negate all other considerations as the essential or
primary motive, except for the sake of Allah –

seeking His nearness (QURB) to please Him (REDHA) ”
35

It is interesting that without truly striving to attest with
TAUHEED – to attest that only Allah is god, the One we
were created to serve and worship exclusively , then a
person may take his / her Nafs (self) or Hawa’ (desires) as
‘god’ – which may lead to the spiritual disease of ‘ujub
(self-conceit) and riya’ (ostentations).

36

It is interesting that without truly striving to attest with
TAUHEED – to attest that only Allah is god, the One we
were created to serve and worship exclusively , then a
person may take his / her Nafs (self) or Hawa’ (desires) as
‘god’ – which may lead to the spiritual disease of ‘ujub
(self-conceit) and riya’ (ostentations).

“Have you ever considered (the kind of man) who makes his
own desires as his deities? “ (Qur’an: Furqan: 25:
43)
37

REFLECT DEEPLY WHAT THE PROPHET S.A.W. SAID
IN HIS FAREWELL SERMON:


REFLECT DEEPLY WHAT THE PROPHET S.A.W. SAID
IN HIS FAREWELL SERMON:

“O Mankind! Verily Satan has lost all hope that he will
ever be worshipped on this earth forever, but if you obey
him in other deeds (acts which may seem to you to be)
petty (or small), it will please him. So be very careful of
(following) him (regarding these) in your religion.”

(Excerpt from the “Seerah” by Ibnu Hisham, “al-Iqd-ul Farid” by Ibnu
Abdi Rabbih and Bukhary’ s “Saheeh”)


REFLECT DEEPLY WHAT THE PROPHET S.A.W. SAID:


REFLECT DEEPLY WHAT THE PROPHET S.A.W. SAID:

“Verily, what I fear the most for my community
(ummah) is SHIRK (ascribing partners) to Allah.

I am not saying that they will worship the sun or
the moon or idols, but it is in their being insincere in
doing good deeds, not intending it for Allah’s sake
but only to please their hidden desires.”

(Hadith reported by Ibnu Majah in “Kitab Az-Zuhdu”)


PROPHET MUHAMMAD S.A.A.W. SAID:

“The SHIRK within my ummah is more hidden (subtle)
than a black ant crawling on a black rock,
in the darkness of the night”
(Hadith reported by Ahmad, Tabarani & Abu Ya’la)

42

EGO-CENTRICITY LEADS TO VARIOUS
MORTAL SINS IN OUR RELATIONSHIPS:



“By the NAFS (Soul, or self) , and the proportion and
order given to it;
And its enlightenment as to its wrong and its right;―
Truly he succeeds that purifies it,
And he fails that corrupts it!”
(Qur’an: as-Shams: 91: 7-10)



RELATIONSHIP TO HIMSELF

SELF



RELATIONSHIP TO HIMSELF

THE SIN OF SELF-CONCEIT

SELF


RELATIONSHIP TOWARDS ALLAH

ALLAH

SELF


RELATIONSHIP TOWARDS ALLAH

ALLAH
THE SIN OF INGRATITUDE

SELF



RELATIONSHIP TOWARDS OTHERS

SELF

OTHERS



RELATIONSHIP TOWARDS OTHERS

SELF

THE SIN OF ARROGANCE OTHERS


FOR THERE IS NONE DESERVING OF OUR
WORSHIP AND SERVITUDE EXCEPT ALLAH.


52

(Say:) ”Behold, my prayer, and [all] my acts of worship, my
living and my dying are for God [Allah alone, Who is], the
Sustainer of all the worlds, in whose divinity none has a share:
for thus have I been bidden – and I shall [always] be foremost
among those who surrender themselves to Him (Muslimeen).”

(Qur’an: Surah al-An’am:6:162)

53

54

”So set thou thy face steadily and truly to the faith:
(establish) Allah's handiwork according to the pattern on
which He has made mankind: no change (let there be) in
the work (wrought) by Allah: that is the standard Religion:
but most among mankind understand not.”

(Surah Rum: 30: 30)

55

56

“Say: ‘Work righteousness! And Allah will behold your deeds,
and (so will) His Messenger, and the believers, and in the
end you will be brought before Him Who knows all (the
unseen as well as the apparent) then will He show you the
truth of all that ye did.”

(Qur’an: Taubah : 9: 105)

57

“Whoever expects to meet his Lord, let him work
righteousness, and in the worship of his Lord, admit
no one as partner to Him (i.e. do not commit SHIRK)."
(Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 110)

58

IKHLASW

Thus it is that this Arabic word “ikhlasw” meaning
“sincerity”, can also mean “purity” and be related to the
Message of TAUHEED - as when the Surah (Chapter)
which profoundly explains the Oneness of Allah is also
called “Surah Al-Ikhlasw” (Q:112).

59

Similarly the kalimah (statement) of TAUHEED :

(There is no god except Allah)

is also called “KALIMAH-AL-IKHLASW” (pure or sincere Word);
and “KALIMAH-AL-TOY-YIBAH” (the good Word).

60

61

62

”Seest thou not how Allah sets forth a parable?― a goodly Word
like a goodly tree, whose root is firmly fixed, and its branches
(reach) to the heavens― It brings forth its fruit at all times, by the
leave of its Lord. So Allah sets forth parables for men, in order
that they may receive admonition;
(Qur’an: Ibrahim: 14: 24-25)

63

REFLECT : COMPONENTS OF A TREE

seed Roots Trunk Leaves
Sprout

Layers of Bark Grow towards sunlight
& Power to break rocks Fruits

64

Shar’iah Wajib
Fardhu ‘Ain Sunnat (mandub)
Fardhu Kifaa-yah Harus (mustahab)

Makruh

Haram


Shirk Taqwa

Ridda (irtidad) Ikhlasw

Kufr Tawakkal

Nifaaq ‘ilm Tauhid (Aqaa-id)

Mu’min ‘ilm Fiqh

MuHsin ‘ilm Tasawwuf

66

68

Tauheedic paradigm

‘ILM TAUHEED - ‘AQIDAH
(Creed or Theology)

Purpose / Objective
Development of Certainty (Belief)
Awareness of Reality / Truth
Develop discernment between Truth & Falsehood,

What is involved?
‘Aql - (proper use of Reason / Intellect)
Fitrah - Instincts & innate feeling (perception)
Tauqifiy – Revelations & reliable traditions

What is the Effect?
To develop firm conviction, strong principle,
Commitment to concept of Unity & Justice of Allah
(Tauheed); knowing the true purpose, role and Destiny of Man.

69

Tauheedic paradigm

‘ILM TAUHIID - ‘AQIDAH
RELEVANT COMPLEMENTARY
(Creed or Theology)
KNOWLEDGE:
Purpose / Objective
Languages, Logic & philosophy,
Development of Certainty (Belief)
Epistemology, Biology, Botany,
Chemistry, Physical / Truth
Awareness of Reality sciences,
Develop discernment between Truth & Falsehood,
Astronomy, Geology, History,
Anthropology, Marine & Space,
Etc.
What is involved?
‘Aql - (proper use of Reason / Intellect)
Fitrah - Instincts & innate feeling (perception)
Tauqifiy – Revelations & reliable traditions

What is the Effect?
To develop firm conviction, strong principle,
Commitment to concept of Unity & Justice of Allah
(Tauheed); knowing the true purpose, role and Destiny of Man.

70

Tauheedic paradigm

‘ILM TAUHEED - ‘AQIDAH
(Creed or Theology)

RT
STA
NG E IF INTERESTED –
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OD W
R 2]
INT A NE 2O1 DAY PLEASE REGISTER NOW
OF RCH ES
[MA WEDN
RY IGHT
EVE N

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STUDY OF TAUHEED”
Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adults
conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail


Tauheedic paradigm

‘ILM FIQH
(Practical Laws for life;
Learning of the Shari’ah)

Purpose / Objective
Development of Correct Practices;
Submission & Obedience to Will of Allah (Islam)

What is involved?
Knowing the law, rules as Guidance to every aspect of life
Capability to implementing them in life

What is the Effect?
To develop a community of people,
Inviting to what is good
Enjoining what is right, and forbidding evil,
Advocating the fulfilment of AMANAH (Trust)
As Allah’s Khalifah (vicegerent),
Establishing the Brotherhood of Man in
The servitude of One God.

72

Tauheedic paradigm

‘ILM FIQH

Purpose / Objective
BROAD EXTENT&OF TOPICS of Allah (Islam)
Submission Obedience to Will COVERED IN FIQH
‘ibadah (personal devotion / worship)
What is involved?
Muamalah (social transaction)
Knowing the law, rules as Guidance to every aspect of life
Munakahah (Marriage & family) in life
Capability to implementing them
Irth / fara’id (Distribution of wealth)
What is the Effect?
Jinayah (crimes & punishment)
Qodha’iyah (judiciary)
Enjoining what is right, Da’wah (struggle in war & peace)
jihad / and forbidding evil,
imarah (Leadership/government)

73

Tauheedic paradigm

‘ILM FIQH
KNOWLEDGE:
All applied sciences, technology
and skills, knowledgeObjective
Purpose / of economics, politics,
social & administrative
Submission & Obedience to Will of Allah (Islam)
sciences etc. that can assist in the
fulfilment of establishing justice, order, peace,
What is involved?
Knowing the law, rules as Guidance to physical of life
harmony, prosperity, every aspect
withCapability to implementing themwell-being
moral progress, and the in life
of Man & society, etc.
What is the Effect?
Enjoining what is right, and forbidding evil,

74

Tauheedic paradigm

‘ILM FIQH

RT
STA
NG E
D UCI COURS 2] IF INTERESTED –
RO 1
INT A NEW R 2O Y
OF TEMBE URDA PLEASE REGISTER NOW
P T
[SE RY SA T
EVE NIG
H

STUDY OF FIQH ”


Tauheedic paradigm

‘ILM AKHLAQ / TASAWWUF / IRFAN
(Science of human Disposition/ Sufism)

Purpose / Objective
Development of Righteous Personality
Purification/perfection of the Self

What is involved?
Reforming or purification of the Self (Nafs)
Best behaviour in relationship with Allah,
within oneself, and with others.
Knowledge of Self and of Allah (Gnosis)

What is the Effect?
Development of Most noble personality traits
Founded on Love of Allah, of all His prophets [Nabiyyin]
especially the Seal of Prophethood Muhammad s.a.w.,
his Household [itrah or Ahlul-bayti wa Aali -Rasul] and loyal Companions [Ashaab],
In fellowship with the Truthful [siddiqqin], the Witnesses & martyrs [shuhada] and the
Righteous servants of Allah [Solihin]; Striving to purify the Self (Nafs) and
adorning it with the Exalted Moral traits of Our Beloved Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.
(The Perfected Man – “Insan Kaamil”)

76

Tauheedic paradigm

‘ILM AKHLAQ / TASAWWUF / IRFAN
Purpose / Objective
KNOWLEDGE:
This aspect ofof Righteous Personality
Development development requires
Purification/perfection of the Self
practical behaviour, the aspect of being
and becoming. Its area of development
What is involved?
is the inner Self, the ‘human psyche’ or
Reforming or purification of the Self (Nafs)
the state of the Soul reflected in his
Best behaviour in relationship with Allah,
Disposition (Akhlaq). Therefore, the close
equivalentwithinperhapsand with others.
may oneself, be ‘human’ psychology,
Knowledge of Self and of Allah (Gnosis)
behavioural sciences, manners & discipline, etc.
What is the Effect?
Development of Most noble personality traits
Founded on Love of Allah, of all His prophets [Nabiyyin]
especially the Seal of Prophethood Muhammad s.a.w.,
his Household [itrah or Ahlul-bayti wa Aali -Rasul] and loyal Companions [Ashaab],
In fellowship with the Truthful [siddiqqin], the Witnesses & martyrs [shuhada] and the
Righteous servants of Allah [Solihin]; Striving to purify the Self (Nafs) and
adorning it with the Exalted Moral traits of Our Beloved Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.
(The Perfected Man – “Insan Kaamil”)

77

Tauheedic paradigm

‘ILM AKHLAQ / TASAWWUF /
IRFAN

IF INTERESTED –
ET,
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PLA TO
NO CT FOR A SURVEY
JE OF
SUB ITY
BIL
ILA
AVA TED
COM
MIT
TS
DEN
STU
STUDY OF ‘ILM AL-AKHLAQ
”

”All praise is due to Allah, who has guided us unto this;
for we would certainly not have found the right path
unless Allah had guided us!”

80

And salutations of Allah and Peace be upon the
Messenger of Allah and upon His household
and Companions .

81

"Our Lord! Make of us Muslims bowing to Thy (Will) and of our
progeny a people Muslim bowing to Thy (Will) and show us our
places for the celebration of (due) rites; and turn unto us (in
Mercy); for Thou art the Oft-Returning Most-Merciful.
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 128)

82

“Our Lord ! Grant that our spouses and our offspring be a joy to
our eyes, and cause us to be foremost amongst those who are
conscious of Thee! (as ‘mut-taqqin’).”
(Qur’an : al-Furqan: 25: 74)

83

"Our Lord! pour out constancy on us and make our steps firm;
Help us against those that reject faith."
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2:250)

84

“Our Lord ! Let not our hearts swerve from the truth after You
have guided us; and bestow upon us the gift of Thy Grace
(Mercy): verily, You are the (true) giver of Gifts (bestowals).”
(Qur’an : Aali ‘Imran : 3 : 8)

85

86

“Our Lord ! Condemn us not if we forget or fall into error; Our
Lord! Lay not on us a burden like that which You did lay on
those before us : Our Lord ! Lay not on us a burden greater
than we have strength to bear. Blot out our sins, And grant
us forgiveness, Have Mercy on us. You are our protector :
Help us against the unbelievers.”
(Qur’an : al-Baqarah : 286)

87

"Our Lord! Give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter
and save us from the torment of the fire!"
(Qur’an : al-Baqarah: 2 : 201)

88

“(May) Allah grant His Reward upon Muhammad, salutations
of Allah and Peace be upon him and his family, in accordance
with what he deserves (in Allah’s knowledge & estimation).”

89

And salutations of Allah and Peace be
upon our Leader Muhammad, and upon
His household and Companions .

90

”Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power! (He is free)
from what they ascribe (to Him)! And Peace on the
Messengers! And praise to Allah, the Lord and Cherisher of the
Worlds.”

(Qur’an : Saffat: 37 : 180-182)
91

“Grant us (these our supplication),
by Your Mercy, (O Allah, You are) the
Most Merciful of those who show Mercy!”

92

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93

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