High-copper alloys were developed in the early 1960s to eliminate the gamma-2 phase through reactions. They have the principal advantage of eliminating this phase. D.B.K. Innes and W.V. Youdelis contributed to their development.

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High copper alloys were first developed in the early 1960’s by D.B.K Innes emulsion,” with the implication that the mercury is somehow soaked into the
and W.V. Youdelis (J Canad Dent Assoc 1963;29:587-593). The principal particles of silver-tin alloy powder without reaction or the formation of
advantage of high-copper alloys is their elimination of the gamma-2 phase by 1 mercury intermetallic compounds. The quote from Dr. Laurier L. Schramm, 2
the reactions shown in this slide. University of Calgary, is a personal communication to Dr. J. R. Mackert on
February 19, 2003.
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The 3.7-m liquid mirror telescope (LMT) at Université Laval. The reflecting
Benjamin DJ. The effect of gases and vapours on mercury evaporation. Mater
surface is liquid mercury. Visit http://wood.phy.ulaval.ca/ for more
Res Bull 1984;19:443-450. 3 4
information about liquid mirror telescopes.
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This graph shows the measured mercury vapor levels in the air around a liquid
mirror telescope at the Université Laval. After the mercury layer is spun Baseline vaporization rate is based upon a per-surface weighted average of
out to form a paraboloid reflecting surface, the formation of a mercury 0.278 ng·min–1 for six studies cited in Mackert and Berglund, Crit Rev Oral
oxide film on the surface of the mercury layer dramatically reduces the Biol Med 1997;8:410-436. Data on 24-h vaporization rate and average area of
5 6
mercury vaporization. Graph courtesy of Ermanno F. Borra, amalgam surface (0.171 cm²) is from Berglund A. J Dent Res
Département de physique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. 1990;69:1646-1651.
http://wood.phy.ulaval.ca/
1
High copper alloys were first developed in the early 1960’s by D.B.K Innes
and W.V. Youdelis (J Canad Dent Assoc 1963;29:587-593). The principal
advantage of high-copper alloys is their elimination of the gamma-2 phase by
the reactions shown in this slide.