1. Cranes

2. Arriving on Site
Identify Process
Danger Areas
Starting Point
PPE

3. Visual evaluation
of crane operation
walking up to site
Evaluate Problems or
No Yes Do Inspection
Ownership Imminent Danger?
General Sub-
Contractor Contractor Inspection
Mobile
Specializing
Do Inspection in crane
work?
No Yes Crane
Inspection
Process
Do Inspection No Inspection

4. Crane Inspection Outline
Visual Evaluation of the Work
Is the crane operating smoothly?
Is there an oiler?
Is the set up level?
Are the outriggers fully extended?
Are all outriggers on the ground?
General Contractor Questions
Do you own the crane?
Who owns the crane?
If general contractor owns crane, inspect and continue with questions below
If Subcontractor owns crane, open with them and determine whether an inspection
of the crane is necessary
How long has the crane been onsite?
How long is it going to be here?
Is the operator doing the calculations?
Is the operator responding to signals?
Is the operator operating the crane safely?
When does the operator have a break or lunch? Is it scheduled?

5. Crane Inspection Outline
Inspect the crane when the operator has a break, at the slowest part of the day, or
when the process is complete.
Inspection on Convenience
Walk around crane
Are signs posted?
Is the boom marked?
Evaluate the rigging
Evaluate driver’s cab
Is the operator’s manual in the cab
Review manual to find out about crane operation
Do tires need to be in the air?
What is the weight the crane is lifting?
Short outriggers?
Does the front foot need to be down?
Is there a fire extinguisher?
What is the condition of the glass?

6. Crane Inspection Outline
Evaluate operator’s cab
Check to see the boom angle indicator is working (either on boom or in operator’s cab)
Are outriggers locked?
Are there load charts?
Is there a fire extinguisher?
Are the controls marked?
Check for anti-two block/warning device
Check housekeeping
Is there agreement on hand signals and are they posted?
What is the condition of the windshield and wipers?
Check to see there are inspection records - daily, weekly, monthly
Are there maintenance records?
Does the operator have a license to operate the crane? 5 ton or greater?
No deficiencies, don’t go into sheaves

7. Crane Inspection Outline
If deficiencies:
Check sheaves
Check lines
Is anti-two block operable?
Is the deck free from grease and oil?
Are there counterweights? Do they have stickers?
How is the equipment rigged?
Spliced together through shackles?
Is nylon used on sharp edges?
Are spreader bars/cables all stamped?
Check outrigger pads
Check cribbing
Is the ball secured when traveling? Headache ball and main block?
Is swing break and house lock locked?

8. Crane Inspection Outline
Talk to Oiler
Have signals been worked out with operator?
What are they?
Certification/Training
Does the operator have a card?
Have they had hands on training?
Have they had ongoing training?
What are the hours?

9. Cranes
• Types
– rubber-mounted
– track
– rough-terrain
– tower

11. C
o
m
C p
r o
a n
n e
e n
t
s

15. Cranes
Process
steel erection
setting walls & trusses
bridges
equipment installation

16. Cranes
Process
floor system
pouring concrete

17. Cranes
Pre-planning
What does the site look
like?
What is being lifted?

18. Cranes
Pre-planning
What kind of crane is
available?

19. Cranes
Pre-planning
How close can the
operator get to what is
being lifted?

20. Cranes
Pre-planning
What is the line
of travel?

21. Shakeout area

22. Shakeout area

23. Cranes
Set-up
site preparation
positioning of crane
maintaining clearances

24. Cranes
Set-up
assembling &
disassembling crane
stability
use of outriggers

25. Cranes
Set-up
dunnage/cribbing
lifting on rubber
leveling the crane

26. Cranes
Load chart
overloading the crane
will cause the crane to
tip or fall

28. Cranes
Load chart
safe lifting capacity of
the crane is determined
by applying and
interpreting load charts

30. net
capacity
parts of capacity
line deduction
areas of boom
operation Lifting angle
Capacity
rated boom
capacity length
load radius configuration

31. 1. Configuration
The crane should be
assembled according to the
manufacturer’s requirements
for the load chart used

32. 2. Areas of operation
over the over the
side back
over the over the
front side

33. 3. Boom length

34. 4. Load radius
The horizontal
distance from the
center of the crane
to the center of
gravity of the load
with the load
suspended.

35. 5. Boom angle

36. 6. Capacities
Rated capacity
Sum of the weight of
the lift, attachments,
rigging, hooks etc.
Net capacity
Lift that can be made

37. 7. Capacity deduction
• crane not set up properly/level
• crane not in good condition
• high winds
• side loading

38. 7. Capacity deduction
• increase in load radius
• dynamic loading
• shock loading
• high speed production

39. 8. Parts of the line

40. Cranes
Static Load
Dynamic load
caused by the stationary
sudden Dynamic Load
Lift lowered
movement in
the load
Lift stopped

41. Cranes
Static Load
Static load
weight of the stationary
Dynamic Load
gross load
Lift lowered
when the load
is stationary
Lift stopped

42. Cranes
Signals
qualified person to
direct operator

43. Cranes
Signals
signals need to be
uniform throughout
company and clearly
understood

44. Cranes
Signals
special signals can be
used when conditions
exist that are not
covered

45. Cranes
• Rigging types
– slings – shackles
– block – softeners
– hook – tag lines
– spreader bar

46. Rigging inspection

48. Rigging inspection

49. Personnel platforms

50. Cranes
Safety Hazards
falling objects
fall protection
caught-between

51. Cranes
Safety Hazards
struck-by
tipped crane
electrical

54. Cranes
Health Hazards
noise
dust
vehicle exhaust

55. Cranes
Ergonomics
forceful exertions
awkward postures
vibration

56. Cranes
• Worker PPE
– hard hats
– fall protection
– eye & hearing
protection