Organic molecules like carbohydrates and proteins are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and are essential to living organisms. Carbohydrates are sugars and starches that provide energy, while proteins are chains of amino acids that perform vital functions. Inorganic molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and salts are not as complex and are usually found in non-living things, but still play important roles like in respiration and bodily functions. The balance of acids and bases is also important and measured by the pH scale.
3. Lipids and Nucleic acids
Braxten Gilbert
Anatomy and Physiology
Per. 4
NUCLEIC ACIDS
DNA- Nucleotides (Sugar, phos- The nucleotide in DNA con-
phate, base ) , Helps code he- sists of a sugar
reditary information like chro- (deoxyribose), one of four
mosomes bases (cytosine (C), thy-
mine (T), adenine (A), gua-
nine (G)), and a phosphate.
RNA- Nucleotides (Sugar, phos- Cytosine and thymine are
phate, base) Helps decode he- pyrimidine bases, while ad-
reditary information like mes- enine and guanine are pu-
rine bases. The sugar and
the base together are called
a nucleoside.
LIPIDS
Triglycerides- Glycerol plus 3 makes up cell membranes, plas- Prostaglandins- 20 carbon unsatu-
fatty acids, make up the cell ma membrane of cell rated fatty acid containing 50car-
membranes, body fat bon rings. Regulate hormone ac-
Steroids- Steroid nucleus
tion: Enhance immune system
Phospholipids- Glycerol plus (4carbon-ring), make up cell
affect the inflammatory response.
phosphate plus 2 fatty acids, membranes, Cholesterol.
Fats and oils are made from two kinds of molecules: glycerol (a type of alcohol
with a hydroxyl group on each of its three carbons) and three fatty acids joined
by dehydration synthesis. Since there are three fatty acids attached, these are
known as triglycerides. “Bread” and pastries from a “bread factory” often con-
tain mono- and diglycerides as “dough conditioners.” Can you figure out what
these molecules would look like? The main distinction between fats and oils is
whether they’re solid or liquid at room temperature, and this, as we’ll soon see,
is based on differences in the structures of the fatty acids they contain.
6. Inorganic Molecules
Northwest ISD
By: Josiah Hernandez
Inorganic Molecules are not
50% OFF very complex and are usually
found in nonliving things. An ex-
ample is a diamond because it
contains just carbon and not hy-
drogen. Oxygen and carbon diox-
ide are two major inorganic sub-
stances. They are important be-
cause they deal with respiration
and without respiration we
wouldn’t be living.
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7. Inorganic Molecules
Northwest ISD
Some other examples of inorganic These two combined are important be-
substances are acids, bases, and cause without these two combined
salts (10). Acids are what cause a make a salt.
hydrogen ion when added to a so- Salts form when you combine an
lution. Acids are important for the acid and a base and remove the water.
body because releases a hydrogen When you remove the water the ions
ion into a solution and causes the crystalize forming salt. Examples of
pH to lower. A pH scale is what inorganic salts important to body func-
measures how acidic or basic a tions would be Sodium chloride, Cal-
substance is. This scale goes from cium chloride, Magnesium chloride,
0-14, 0 being the most acidic and Sodium chloride, Potassium chloride,
14 being the most basic. Sodium sulfate, Calcium carbonate,
Bases do the opposite of an at- and Calcium phosphate (10).
om. When bases are added it re-
leases a hydroxide ion into solu-
tion and causes the pH level to go
up.