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SKIN HISTOLOGY:
UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL

  A Laboratory Guide
SLIDES TO CONQUER

• 56a: Thin skin, H & E
• 56b: Thick skin, Masson, H & E
• 56e: Scalp
• 56f: Pacinian corpuscle
• 56g: Meissner corpuscle
KNOW THE HIERARCHY OF
HISTOLOGIC ORGANIZATION
                    CELLS        (Keratinocytes, etc.)

                         + ECM

                       TISSUE
         Epithelial tissue (= EPIDERMIS)
    Connective tissue (=DERMIS/HYPODERMIS)
                   Nervous tissue
                   Muscle tissue
                    Blood tissue


                   ORGAN
                    Skin
SKIN (Organ)

EPITHELIAL
TISSUE                      NERVOUS
(=Epidermis,   CONNECTIVE                  BLOOD    MUSCLE
               TISSUE        TISSUE
glands,                                    TISSUE   TISSUE
endothelium    (=Dermis,   (=Free nerve
               hypodermis)                          (=Smooth
of blood                     endings,
                                                    muscle cells in
vessels)                   encapsulated
                                                    blood vessel
                            receptors,
                                                    wall, platysma,
                            Merkel cell)
                                                    Arrector pili)
• EPITHELIAL TISSUE    • CONNECTIVE TISSUE
   – CELLS CLOSELY        – CELLS FEW AND FAR
     PACKED TOGETHER        BETWEEN
     W/ INTERCELLULAR     – ABUNDANT
     JUNCTIONS              EXTRACELLULAR
   – SCANTY                 MATRIX
     EXTRACELLULAR           • FIBERS
     MATRIX                  • GROUND SUBSTANCE
   – AVASCULAR            – VASCULAR
   – GLANDS
*INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP - ATTACHED TOGETHER BY
A BASEMENT MEMBRANE
ORIENT THE SLIDE PROPERLY!




                  X
RECOGNIZE THE TISSUE •   EPIDERMIS
                         – Stratified squamous
COMPONENTS THAT            keratinized epithelium
                         – Superficial
MAKE UP THE SKIN         – Thinner
                     • DERMIS
                         – Dense irregular
                           connective tissue
                         – Thicker
                     • EPIDERMAL-DERMAL
                         INTERFACE
                         – Wavy
                         – Basement membrane not
                           visible w/ H & E
                     • HYPODERMIS
                         – Loose connective tissue
                         – May have abundant
                           adipose cells
IDENTIFY THE
LAYERS


               • EPIDERMIS
                 – More deeply staining
                 – Highly cellular (multiple
                   layers)
               • DERMIS
                 – Paler
                 – Mostly Fibers (irregular
                   bundles) and some
                   ground substance
                   (poorly stained w/ H &
                   E)
ARTEFACT!
• ISLANDS OF
 DERMAL
 PAPILLA
 WITHIN THE
 EPIDERMIS
 (due to
 tangential
 sectioning)
THIN SKIN   VS   THICK SKIN
Slide 56a         Slide 56b
LAYERS OF THE
EPIDERMIS
(thick skin)
• S. corneum



• S. granulosum
• S. spinosum

• S. basale
• S. corneum
  – Anucleate
  – flattened layers
  – “basketweave”
• S. granulosum
  – Diamond shaped
  – Darkly staining
    cytoplasmic granules
• S. spinosum
  – Polygonal
  – Rarely see “spines”
• S. basale
  – Single layer, cuboidal cells
  – Crowded nuclei
  – Occ. Mitotic figures
MELANOCYTE (thin fair skin)
MELANOCYTE (Pigmented skin)
LANGERHANS CELL
LAYERS OF THE DERMIS

             • Papillary dermis
                –   Contains dermal papilla
                –   Thin collagen fibers
                –   More cells (fibroblasts)
                –   Smaller blood vessels
                    (capillaries)

             • Reticular dermis
                – Thick collagen fibers
                – Bigger blood vessels
                  (arterioles/venules)

                – *Elastic network NOT
                  distinguished from collagen
                  with H&E
VELLUS              vs    TERMINAL
(most of body)              (scalp)
• Superficial          • Deeper
• Smaller              • Bigger
• Lightly pigmented    • Darkly pigmented
Slide 56e: Scalp

                   • HAIR FOLLICLES
                     – Terminal (up to
                       hypodermis)
                     – Various planes of
                       section
                     – Mostly anagen
                     – Oblique
                     – Continuous with
                       the surface
                       epidermis
ANAGEN HAIR FOLLICLE

          • Hair shaft



          • Hair bulb
          • Hair matrix
          • Hair papilla
LAYERS OF THE
HAIR FOLLICLE:
Longitudinal section
•   Hair shaft
•   Inner root sheath
•   Outer root sheath
•   Fibrous sheath
LAYERS OF THE HAIR FOLLICLE:
Cross Section
PILOSEBACEOUS
UNIT
(Longitudinal
section)

 • Arrector pili muscle
   – Attaches to lower
     third of HF
 • Sebaceous gland
   – Duct enters into
     upper third of HF
PILOSEBACEOUS
UNIT: Cross
section
• Hair Follicle
• Sebaceous gland
 lobules
SEBACEOUS
GLAND
• CENTRAL: Vacuolated
    lipid-filled cells w/
    scalloped nuclei
•   eventually
    disintegrating
    together with sebum
    into duct
•   PERIPHERAL: row of
    flattened germinative
    cells w/ large nuclei &
    basophilic cytoplasm
ECCRINE GLAND: LPO
Coiled portion in deep dermis
ECCRINE GLAND:
Coiled portion in
deep dermis (HPO)
• SECRETORY PORTION
  – Pale
  – More cross sectional
    profiles, some tangential
    and bizarre-shaped
    (=tadpole)

• DUCTAL PORTION
  – Dark
  – Fewer, more regularly
    rounded profiles
ECCRINE GLAND: Coiled basal
portion
                • Secretory portion
                  – Single layer
                  – Pale pyramidal cells
                • Ductal portion
                  – 2 layers
                  – Eosinophilic cuboidal
                    cells
                  – Hyaline lumenal lining
INTRAEPIDERMAL ECCRINE DUCT
(=Acrosyringium)
                  • Corkscrew
                      appearance
                  •   Ductal cells
                      are also
                      keratinized
MEISSNER         PACINIAN
CORPUSCLE (56g)   CORPUSCLE (56f)
MEISSNER   vs.    PACINIAN
CORPUSCLE         CORPUSCLE
BLOOD
 VESSELS in
 Reticular dermis
• Arterioles
• Venules
Capillaries in Dermal papilla
                       MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLE




                      LYMPHATIC VESSEL

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LAB GUIDE ON SKIN 2005.PDF

  • 1. SKIN HISTOLOGY: UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL A Laboratory Guide
  • 2. SLIDES TO CONQUER • 56a: Thin skin, H & E • 56b: Thick skin, Masson, H & E • 56e: Scalp • 56f: Pacinian corpuscle • 56g: Meissner corpuscle
  • 3. KNOW THE HIERARCHY OF HISTOLOGIC ORGANIZATION CELLS (Keratinocytes, etc.) + ECM TISSUE Epithelial tissue (= EPIDERMIS) Connective tissue (=DERMIS/HYPODERMIS) Nervous tissue Muscle tissue Blood tissue ORGAN Skin
  • 4. SKIN (Organ) EPITHELIAL TISSUE NERVOUS (=Epidermis, CONNECTIVE BLOOD MUSCLE TISSUE TISSUE glands, TISSUE TISSUE endothelium (=Dermis, (=Free nerve hypodermis) (=Smooth of blood endings, muscle cells in vessels) encapsulated blood vessel receptors, wall, platysma, Merkel cell) Arrector pili)
  • 5. • EPITHELIAL TISSUE • CONNECTIVE TISSUE – CELLS CLOSELY – CELLS FEW AND FAR PACKED TOGETHER BETWEEN W/ INTERCELLULAR – ABUNDANT JUNCTIONS EXTRACELLULAR – SCANTY MATRIX EXTRACELLULAR • FIBERS MATRIX • GROUND SUBSTANCE – AVASCULAR – VASCULAR – GLANDS *INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP - ATTACHED TOGETHER BY A BASEMENT MEMBRANE
  • 6. ORIENT THE SLIDE PROPERLY! X
  • 7. RECOGNIZE THE TISSUE • EPIDERMIS – Stratified squamous COMPONENTS THAT keratinized epithelium – Superficial MAKE UP THE SKIN – Thinner • DERMIS – Dense irregular connective tissue – Thicker • EPIDERMAL-DERMAL INTERFACE – Wavy – Basement membrane not visible w/ H & E • HYPODERMIS – Loose connective tissue – May have abundant adipose cells
  • 8. IDENTIFY THE LAYERS • EPIDERMIS – More deeply staining – Highly cellular (multiple layers) • DERMIS – Paler – Mostly Fibers (irregular bundles) and some ground substance (poorly stained w/ H & E)
  • 9. ARTEFACT! • ISLANDS OF DERMAL PAPILLA WITHIN THE EPIDERMIS (due to tangential sectioning)
  • 10. THIN SKIN VS THICK SKIN Slide 56a Slide 56b
  • 11. LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS (thick skin) • S. corneum • S. granulosum • S. spinosum • S. basale
  • 12. • S. corneum – Anucleate – flattened layers – “basketweave” • S. granulosum – Diamond shaped – Darkly staining cytoplasmic granules • S. spinosum – Polygonal – Rarely see “spines” • S. basale – Single layer, cuboidal cells – Crowded nuclei – Occ. Mitotic figures
  • 16. LAYERS OF THE DERMIS • Papillary dermis – Contains dermal papilla – Thin collagen fibers – More cells (fibroblasts) – Smaller blood vessels (capillaries) • Reticular dermis – Thick collagen fibers – Bigger blood vessels (arterioles/venules) – *Elastic network NOT distinguished from collagen with H&E
  • 17. VELLUS vs TERMINAL (most of body) (scalp) • Superficial • Deeper • Smaller • Bigger • Lightly pigmented • Darkly pigmented
  • 18. Slide 56e: Scalp • HAIR FOLLICLES – Terminal (up to hypodermis) – Various planes of section – Mostly anagen – Oblique – Continuous with the surface epidermis
  • 19. ANAGEN HAIR FOLLICLE • Hair shaft • Hair bulb • Hair matrix • Hair papilla
  • 20. LAYERS OF THE HAIR FOLLICLE: Longitudinal section • Hair shaft • Inner root sheath • Outer root sheath • Fibrous sheath
  • 21. LAYERS OF THE HAIR FOLLICLE: Cross Section
  • 22. PILOSEBACEOUS UNIT (Longitudinal section) • Arrector pili muscle – Attaches to lower third of HF • Sebaceous gland – Duct enters into upper third of HF
  • 23. PILOSEBACEOUS UNIT: Cross section • Hair Follicle • Sebaceous gland lobules
  • 24. SEBACEOUS GLAND • CENTRAL: Vacuolated lipid-filled cells w/ scalloped nuclei • eventually disintegrating together with sebum into duct • PERIPHERAL: row of flattened germinative cells w/ large nuclei & basophilic cytoplasm
  • 25. ECCRINE GLAND: LPO Coiled portion in deep dermis
  • 26. ECCRINE GLAND: Coiled portion in deep dermis (HPO) • SECRETORY PORTION – Pale – More cross sectional profiles, some tangential and bizarre-shaped (=tadpole) • DUCTAL PORTION – Dark – Fewer, more regularly rounded profiles
  • 27. ECCRINE GLAND: Coiled basal portion • Secretory portion – Single layer – Pale pyramidal cells • Ductal portion – 2 layers – Eosinophilic cuboidal cells – Hyaline lumenal lining
  • 28. INTRAEPIDERMAL ECCRINE DUCT (=Acrosyringium) • Corkscrew appearance • Ductal cells are also keratinized
  • 29. MEISSNER PACINIAN CORPUSCLE (56g) CORPUSCLE (56f)
  • 30. MEISSNER vs. PACINIAN CORPUSCLE CORPUSCLE
  • 31. BLOOD VESSELS in Reticular dermis • Arterioles • Venules
  • 32. Capillaries in Dermal papilla MEISSNER’S CORPUSCLE LYMPHATIC VESSEL