This document discusses speech acts and their classification. It begins by defining locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts. It then discusses how speech acts can be classified, including using illocutionary point which considers illocutionary force, direction of fit, and sincerity conditions. Five categories of speech acts are outlined: assertives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations. Context and politeness rules also influence which speech acts to use in a given situation. Felicity conditions relate to whether the speaker can fulfill the intentions and psychological states of the speech act.
In this paper, there are three articles that concentrate on the analysis of genres should be reviewed.
Particularly so, these three articles shed light on the contribution of the corpus linguistics methodology to the
analysis and application of academic genres. For easy reference, I have to label Article 1 on From Text To Corpus-
A Genre-based Approach to Academic Literacy Instruction by C Tribble and U. Wingate, Article 2 on Using Corpusbased
research and Online Academic Corpora to Inform Writing of the Discussion Section of a Thesis, by L. Flower
dew and Article 3 on An Integration of Corpus-Based and Genre-Based Approaches to Text Analysis in EAP/ESP:
Countering Criticisms Against Corpus-Based Methodologies, also by L. Flower dew.
In this paper, there are three articles that concentrate on the analysis of genres should be reviewed.
Particularly so, these three articles shed light on the contribution of the corpus linguistics methodology to the
analysis and application of academic genres. For easy reference, I have to label Article 1 on From Text To Corpus-
A Genre-based Approach to Academic Literacy Instruction by C Tribble and U. Wingate, Article 2 on Using Corpusbased
research and Online Academic Corpora to Inform Writing of the Discussion Section of a Thesis, by L. Flower
dew and Article 3 on An Integration of Corpus-Based and Genre-Based Approaches to Text Analysis in EAP/ESP:
Countering Criticisms Against Corpus-Based Methodologies, also by L. Flower dew.
3. LOCUTIONARY ACT
(act of saying)
ILLOCUTIONARY ACT
(act we do in saying...)
[conventions]
PERLOCUTIONARY ACT
(act we do by saying...)
[consequences]
phonetics (form)
syntax
semantics (content)
felicity conditions
(illocutionary “force”)
context dependence
(2 examples Mario and “her”)
5. 1) “explicit performatives” (Austin)
(illocutionary clause (Searle))
2) different criteria (Searle):
*Illocutionary point* (essential condition)
– illocutionary force
– direction of fit
– sincerity conditions (psychological state)
6. Ill. force direction of fit sincerity condition
Assertion worldwords believe in what you assert
Command wordsworld will of future action
Commitment wordsworld intention to fulfill the action
Expression possibility to express psic.states
Declaration words world will of future action
7. 1. Assertive: represents a state of affairs. E.g. stating, claiming,
hypothesizing, describing, telling, insisting, suggesting, ...
2. Directive: getting the addressee to do something. E.g. ordering,
commanding, daring, defying, challenging
3. Commissive: getting the speaker to do something. E.g. promising,
threatening, intending, advising, warning, betting, vowing to do or
to refrain from doing something ...
4. Expressive: expressing the mental state of the speaker about an
event presumed to be true.. E.g. congratulating, thanking,
deploring, condoling, welcoming, apologizing
5. Declaration: bringing into existence the state of affairs to which it
refers. E.g. blessing, firing, baptizing, bidding, ...
12. is the speaker able to fulfill the sincerity conditions?
or better: can he realize the illocutionary point?
(felicity conditions in general include intentions,
sentiments, psychological states, but also
conventions, physical possibilities, practical
possibilities...)
what does the choice of a particular kind of
illocutionary act reveal of the speaker?