2. chemical basis of life

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Inorganic Compounds

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],THE PROPERTIES OF WATER Which leads to hydrogen bonding

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Water is a universal solvent. - It is able to dissolve a large number of different chemical compounds.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Inorganic Compounds

Organic Compounds carbon-containing ; exceptions: CO 2 , CO and carbides Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Note : The larger the carbohydrate molecule, the less soluble it is in water. Organic Compounds

Classification of Sugars according to size and solubility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Classification of Sugars according to size and solubility

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Classification of Sugars according to size and solubility

Hydrolysis: Amylase maltase Starch - ------- maltose -------2 glucose Glycogen - storage CHO of animal tissues - large molecule and highly branched - can easily be broken down to yield glucose Cellulose – most abundant organic molecule in the planet - chief structural material in plants; provides rigidity - indigestible in man due to complex arrangement of glucose - provides bulk and stimulates bowel movement - enzyme cellulase from bacteria and protozoans digest cellulose to yield glucose

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lipids insoluble in water but dissolve readily in organic solvents as alcohol, chloroform and ether -CHO, but with less O and more C atoms--  more heat

** fat deposits in subcutaneous tissue – thicker layer in women

[object Object],[object Object]

Cholesterol - from animal products; CV disorders - component of cell membranes - raw material for Vitamin D synthesis, other steroid hormones ( estrogen, progesterone,testosterone, cortisol and aldosterone) - manufactured in liver, most abundant in brain - attaches to protein to form lipoprotein before it can circulate

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Proteins

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Two types of Proteins

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nucleic Acids

2. chemical basis of life

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2. chemical basis of life