This document discusses brand equity and customer-based brand equity. It defines customer-based brand equity as the differential effect brand knowledge has on consumer responses to marketing activities. It can be positive if consumers react favorably, or negative if they react unfavorably. Key ingredients are consumer response, brand knowledge, and marketing of the brand. The document also discusses brand promise, a marketer's vision for what the brand must do for customers. Finally, it outlines three models of brand equity: the BrandAsset Valuator model, Brand Dynamics pyramid, and Brand Resonance model, which each have multiple components for measuring brand equity.