3. Illegal fishing
• Takes place where vessels operate in
violation of the laws of a fishery. This can
apply to fisheries that are under the
jurisdiction of a coastal state or to high seas
fisheries regulated by regional organizations.
• An issue that is crippling developing coastal
communities and funneling profits to socially
irresponsible international crime operations at
the detriment of ocean biodiversity.
4. • Unregulated fishing generally refers
to fishing by vessels without
nationality, or vessels flying the flag of
a country not party to the regional
organization governing that fishing
area or species.
6. Blast fishing or dynamite fishing
• Practice of using explosives to stun or kill
schools of fish for easy collection. This often
illegal practice can be extremely destructive
to the surrounding ecosystem, as the explosion
often destroys the underlying habitat (such
as coral reefs) that supports the fish. The
frequently improvised nature of the
explosives used also means danger for the
fishermen as well, with accidents and injuries
8. Electrofishing
• Uses electricity to stun fish before they are
caught.
• Common scientific survey method used to
sample fish populations to determine
abundance, density, and species composition.
• When performed correctly, electro fishing
results in no permanent harm to fish, which
return to their natural state in as little as two
minutes after being stunned.
10. Cyanide fishing
• A method of collecting live fish mainly for use
in aquariums, which involves spraying
a sodium cyanide mixture into the desired
fish's habitat in order to stun the fish. The
practice hurts not only the target
population, but also many other marine
organisms, including coral and thus coral
reefs.
12. Muro-Ami Fishing
• Muro-Ami Fishing, otherwise known as reef-
hunting, is one of the cruelest, most cataclysmic
forms of illegal fishing that destroys the coral reefs
and exploits children. This practice consequently
destroys corals which take whole lifetimes to form
and causes the deaths of some of these unfortunate
children. For casualties ensuing from these practices
(either a kid gets caught in the big net that they
use, or the bomb explodes before the children
assigned to handle the bomb could leave the
area), bodies are left in the shoreline because they
are too expensive to return to their homes.
15. Economic impacts
The most obvious economic
impact of illegal, unreported
and unregulated (IUU) fishing
on developing countries is the
direct loss of the value of the
catches that could be taken
by local fishermen if the IUU
fishing was not taking place
16. • These losses include not only the loss to
GNP, but revenue from landing fees, license
fees and taxes payable by legal fishing
operators. In addition, there are indirect
impacts in terms of loss of income and
employment in related industries; any loss in
income will also have impacts on the
consumer demands of families working in
the fishing industry.
17. Environmental Impacts
• Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU)
fishing usually has a significant impact on the
sustainability of both the targeted species and
the ecosystem.
18. Environmental Impacts
• Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU)
fishing usually has a significant impact on the
sustainability of both the targeted species and
the ecosystem.
19. • Fishing generally has the capacity to damage
fragile marine ecosystems and vulnerable
species such as coral reefs, turtles and seabirds. In
fact, all eight sea turtle species are now
endangered, and illegal fishing and hunting are
two major reasons for their destruction.
Regulating legitimate fisheries is aimed at
mitigating such impacts, but IUU fishers rarely
comply with regulations. This is likely to reduce
productivity and biodiversity and create
imbalances in the ecosystem.
20. • This in turn may lead to reduced food
security in communities heavily dependent on
fish as a source of animal protein.
22. Drift netting
Drift nets is a fishing technique
where nets,, are allowed to drift free in
the wind or current at the surface of a
sea or lake. Usually a drift net is a gill
net with floats attached to a rope along
the top of the net, and weights
attached to another rope along the foot
of the net keeping the net vertical in
the water.
23. • Drift nets were traditionally made of organic
materials, such as hemp, which were
biodegradable. The mesh size of nets prior to
1950s was larger. When drift net fishing
started to increase in scale during 1950s, nets
were changed to synthetic materials with
smaller mesh size . Synthetic nets last
longer, are odorless, and are nearly invisible in
the water.
24. • Drift net fishing became a desirable
practice of fishing because it is extremely
cost effective. Nets can be placed by
low-powered vessels making it very fuel
efficient. Drift nets are also highly
effective when catching fish, bringing in
large amounts of fish in one catch
26. Effective solutions would exhibit
means :
• Detection,
• Data transmission,
• Information collection
27. a) Detection – detection technologies
improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of
maritime enforcement agencies. It is
critical that these fit within the
confines of the
resources available.
28. b) Data transmission – information
channels should be established to
transmit as much
information as possible from a variety
of sources to its final destination
(presently the
enforcement agencies).
29. c) Information collection – the
vast amount of information should
be collected and
organized in a coherent form and
disseminated from a single point for
relevant stakeholders to manage
responses and take action against
the perpetrators.
