TERRAINS OF CHILE

1. Terrains of Chile

2. Chile
more than 2 million km2
It extends in 3 continents
Oceania
America
Antartica

3. Chile
Varity :
Landscapes
Climates
Vegetation
•Continental Chile:
•17º 30' y 56º 30' de Latidude South
• 70º de Longitud West

4. Chile: Varity of Landscapes
-North to South
-East to West

5. Terrains from North to West
 Costal plains
 Costal Mountain Range
 Intermediate depression
 The Andes Mountain Range
 Patagonia Plateau

6. Costal Plains
 Costal plains
Costal Mountain Range
•Pacific to Costal Mountains
•From far north to Chiloé

7. Costal Mountain Range
Costal Mountain Range
•Extends from S of Arica
•To The channels Of The Aysen Region
•Length, width and Height is lower than The Andes.

8. Intermediate Depression
 Costal Mountain Range
 Intermediate depression
 The Andes Mountain Range
•Located between the two mountains
•From far north to Puerto Montt
•Large part of the population live here

9. Andes Mountain Range
The Andes Mountain Range
Starts in Venezuela and ends in Antartica.
Highest points are in The North
Decreases to the south

10. Landscapes East to west
Andes
Intermediate depression
Costal Range
Costal Plains

11. Chile´s Natural Regions
Divisions based on Natural Features
Far North
Near North
Central
South and Far South

12. Investigation
Terrain
Topographic Profile
Climate and Hydrology
Population
Culture
Natural resources: mining, forestry, Agriculture, and Livestock

13. Investigation: Groups

14. FAR NORTH- Terrains from east to west

15. FAR NORTH
COSTAL PLAINS
Not continuous
Most people live here
Big cities
coast: Cliffs/ rocky beaches/ sandy beaches
Fishing and Mining towns

16. FAR NORTH
COSTAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
Starts South of Arica
Costal cliff 100 m. ends in the ocean

17. FAR NORTH
INTERMEDIATE DEPRESSION
Pampas
Basins separated by streams

18. FAR NORTH
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
Natural border Chile/ Bolivia & Argentina
Divides climates
Tall peaks average: 1000m.
Volcanic activity
Source of: water and minerals
Altiplano: 4000 m

19. FAR NORTH
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
Altiplano: 4000 m
Water in the High Andes Wetlands
Towns agriculture and livestock
Mining Chuquicamata
La Escondida

20. FAR NORTH- climate
Dry Desert
Coast proximity to the ocean cooler
Pampas temperature is extreme
 -12°C to -5°C Below cero cold
36°C to 40°C hot

21. FAR NORTH- climate
Altiplano Invierno Boliviano
Only in summer

22. FAR NORTH-Hydrology
Watersheads Arica y Parinacota
 Tarapaca
 ENDORHEIC
Washbeads Antofagasta
Loa River and Copiapó River
ARHEIC
This means that the bodies of water don´t reach the ocean
This means that there are no streams or rivers

23. FAR NORTH-Hydrology
ENDORHEIC
Exception Río Lluta
This means that the bodies of water don´t reach the ocean

24. FAR NORTH-Hydrology
Other rivers Loa and Copiapó

25. FAR NORTH-Hydrology-altiplano
Altiplano rivers areformed by melting of snow and rainfall
small and not long
Lauca Isluga

26. FAR NORTH-Hydrology-altiplano
Altiplano lakes, lagoons & salt flats
Atacama Salt Flat

27. FAR NORTH- Population
First human settlements
Chinchorro people known for their mummifying technique

28. FAR NORTH- Population
Atacama
Chango
Aymara largest group / influences until today
Atacameños
Chango
Aymara

29. FAR NORTH- Population
19th century mining
Employment and population increases in the pampas
Nitrate (salitre)

30. FAR NORTH- Population
Abandoned cities
Important Altiplanic cities:
CALAMA
PUTRE
SAN PEDRO DE ATACAMA

31. FAR NORTH- festivals
La Tirana

32. FAR NORTH- Mining
Rich in minerals due to the volcanic activity
Region
Metalic
Non metalic
Arica y Parinacota
Sulfur
-Tacora& Chapiquiña
Tarapacá
Copper
Sagasca Mine
Nitrate (azufre) 19th century
Iquique
-Humberstone
-María Elena
Salt
Iodine
Antofagasta
Copper
Chuquicamata
Mantos Blancos
La Escondida
Iron:
-El Laco
Silver:
-La Sierra
-Gloria del Juncal
Lithium
Atacama Salt Flat
Iodine

33. FAR NORTH- Ocean resources
Cold current from the Artic Oxygen & nutrients
 Diverse ecosystems

Industrial Fishing
Artisanal fishing
Tarapacá region : Iquique
Fishmeal
Also: Arica, Tocopilla, Mejillones & Antofagasta
Fish and seafood

34. FAR NORTH- Land resources


Agriculture
Livestock
Forestry
-Vineyards
-citrus fruits
-olives
-oilseed
-early produce: e.g tomatoes
(before the can be harvested in Central Chile)
Inca techniques:
-Terraced fields
-Irrigation ditches
Altiplano
-Alpacas
-Llamas
Reforestation:
-Tamarugo Trees

35. NEAR NORTH- Terrains from east to west

36. NEAR NORTH
COSTAL PLAINS
Erosion due to the rain in the Andes
Expansive white sand beaches
No volcanic activity
Most Human settlements

37. NEAR NORTH
COSTAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
 Altitude decreases from North to South
Highes peaks are in this zone Valparaiso
Fray Jorge National Park

38. NEAR NORTH
INTERMEDIATE DEPRESSION
 Transverse Valleys

 Costal Mountains join the Andes
Favorable conditions for Agriculture
Elqui Valley

39. NEAR NORTH
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
No volcanic activity
High peaks
Altiplano disapears (in Atacama)
Parallel mountain ranges:
- Domeyko
-Claudio Gay
Paso Aguas Negras Chile-Argentina border

40. NEAR NORTH- CLIMATE
Warm steppe or semiarid climate
Three important climatic phenomena:
-Camanchaca humid transverse valleys
-increase precipitation
 decrease temperature
-variation of rainfall Reservoirs store water

41. NEAR NORTH-Hydrology
Watersheads EXORHEIC
Mixed regime rivers -rainfall
 - snow melting
Amount of water varies amount of rainfall
Rivers form great canyons when they get to the costal mountain range
This means that the bodies of water reach the ocean
Choapa River

42. FAR NORTH- Population
Concentrated in the Regional capitals and the coast
Work in mining, tourism, farming and livestock
La Serena
Coquimbo

43. NEAR NORTH- Culture
Gabriela Mistral´s birthplace Vicuña
Natural Heritage Desierto florido

44. CENTRAL CHILE- Terrains from east to west

45. CENTRAL CHILE
COSTAL PLAINS
Formed by the erosion of the Andes Mountains
 Sand Wide extensive plains
Favorable locations for Cities: Valparaiso and Concepción
Planis are largest Maipo & Rapel rivers
Maule region Plains and cliffs
 get narrow
Pichilemu 6TH Region

46. CENTRAL CHILE
COSTAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
Tallest peaks are found in this area
Altos del Cantillana 2,318 m.
Eroded by rivers
Nahuelbuta Mountain Range
 -Bio Bio & Imperial River
 -1000m average

47. CENTRAL CHILE
INTERMEDIATE DEPRESSION
Two types of landscapes
 -Basins Chacabuco R. & Pelequén
 Santiago
 Rancagua
 - Intermediate depression
 Pelequen Reloncavi Sound Pto. Montt
Poplated cities Santaigo

48. CENTRAL CHILE
INTERMEDIATE DEPRESSION
Soil is the most fertile in Chile
Cuenca of Santiago

49. CENTRAL CHILE
Andes Mountain Range
Very Tall Aconcagua 6,962 m (In Argentina)
Has more than 3,000 volcanos fertile soil

50. CENTRAL CHILE
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
Volcanoes in Metropolitan Region
Tupungato & Tupungatito
San José
Maipo
Tupungatito

51. CENTRAL CHILE - Isla de Pascua
Rapa Nui
Volcanic Island
Belongs to the Valparaiso Region
3,600 km from Chile Chilean Oceania
In front of Caldera in the Atacama Region
Rapa Nui

52. CENTRAL CHILE - Climate
 Temperate climate
 difference between seasons
-southern part of C.Chile rainier and cold
-coast semiarid /rainfall & cloudy
Warm costal desert
-Temperatures are lower Humboldt Current
- Inner part mediterranean steppe
Hot dry summers /rainfall during winter

53. CENTRAL CHILE Climate
Humboldt costal current
Valparaiso region :
Punta de Tralca
Semiarid / costal desert

54. CENTRAL CHILE - Hydrography
 Rivers exorheic reach the ocean
 Mixed regime rainfall
 Melted snow
Between Metropolitan & O´Higgings
volume of water increases Snowmelt
Maule river
Itata river volume of water increases rainfall
Bio Bío river

55. CENTRAL CHILE Hydrography
Mouth of Maipo River
Mouth of Bio Bio river

56. CENTRAL CHILE - Climate
Most densely populated
1st Metropolitan Region 6 million
2nd Bio Bio Region 1.5 million
Valparaiso Region 1.5 million
phenomena:
-aging population - urbanization
Urban population of Santiago

57. CENTRAL CHILE - Mining
7th region of Maule
8th Region of Araucanía
Region of Los Ríos
Non metalic : Calcium,carbonate, quartz, barite, iron oxide, pumice rock, salt.
Almost no mines
Valparaiso
Metropolitan
O´Higgins
Copper:
-Andina Mine
-Río Blanco Mine
Copper:
-Los Bronces
Copper:
-El Teniente

58. CENTRAL CHILE - Land resources
Traditional Chilean countryside
High quality soil & plenty water
Polyculture/ monoculture/ profitable crops
Agriculture
Livestock
Forestry
-Valparaiso:
-Vinetards
-Avocado
-Fruits & vegetables
-O'Higgins:
-Cereal
-Vinetards
-Flowers
-Fruits & vegetables
-Maule
-Vinetards
-Bio Bio : every type of production.
-Cattle milk and meat
-Swine meat
-Poulty eggs and meat
-Bio Bio Cellulose paper Valparaiso: cellulose &logs
-Eucalyptus
-Pine
-Poplar (alamo)

59. CENTRAL CHILE - Ocean Resources
Industrial Fishing
Artisanal fishing
-San Antonio V Region
-Talcahuano VIII Region
-Concepción VIII Region
-Pichilemu VI Region
-Cobquecura VIII Region
-Constitución VII Region
Talcahuano
Cobquecura

60. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
COSTAL PLAINS - discontinuous -alternating terrain - Araucanía almost no beaches rocky coastlines -Valdivia & Pto. Montt wider costal plains Maullin Plains - Costal plains in Chiloé

61. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
COSTAL PLAINS - Aysen Region Glaciers that can reach the sea - Costal plains reappear Straight of Magellan
San Rafael Glacier

62. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
COSTAL MOUNTAIN RANGE
After Nahuelbuta range it is intermittent
 eroded hills
Has different names Pelada
 Mahuidanchi
 Pichuquen
Range disappears Taitao Peninsula

63. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
Range disappears Taitao Peninsula
,
Caleta Tortel, Taitao Peninsula

64. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
INTERMEDIATE DEPRESSION
Ends in Reloncaví Sound
Submerged in the ocean
Reapears in Chiloé where it definitely ends
Lakes formed by glaciers

65. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
Lower height erosion
Highest peaks are volcanic
After Reloncaví Sound divides:
- east Patagonian ice fields
 - west Chilean oceanic
Volcanic
Fjords valleys carved out by glaciers
North
South

66. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
Andes Mountain Range: Patagonia range
North Ice fields (campos de hielo norte)
Glacier Pio XI
North Ice Fields
Biggert reserve of water in continental Chile

67. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
Fjords

68. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
 Punta Arenas & Pto. Williams
almost disappears
Serrano Mountain Range
Puerto Williams
Punta Arenas

69. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Terrains
ANDES MOUNTAIN RANGE
Mountain ranges west and east unite and reappear in The Antarctica
Mount Vinson, Antarctica

72. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Patagonia
Vast plain
Extends from Reloncaví Sound
 End of continental Chile
Divided between Chile and Argentina
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Coal
Strait of Magellan
Drake Sea

73. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Patagonia
Strait of Magellan
Drake Sea

74. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Cimate
Depends on many factors
 Aysen Region
Patagonian Andes climatic wall
 - Some places are good for humans & Agriculture
 - Some places have strong snowstorms and rain
Palena ( In front of Chiloé) Mild climate
Patagonia cold steppe + rainfall

75. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Climate
Temperature decreases with height
Torres del Paine
Lower warmer
Higher cooler

76. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- Climate
In the Antarctica the climate is polar
Summer temperatures are rarely over 0°C
More than 1 meter of snow each year
Villa Las Estrellas Chilean Antartica
Population: 51 people

77. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Hydrography
Between
 -Imperial River & Chacao Channel 9th to 10th Regions
- The amount of water in the river depends on the rainfall
Crossing the Chacao Channel from Puerto Montt to Chiloé
Río Bueno, Los Ríos Region

78. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Hydrography
Patagonia rivers originate in the east
 From Glaciers

Río Baker, Aysen
Queualt Glacier, Aysen

79. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Hydrography
Most of the cities in the south were created because of economic activities
Puerto Natales
Punta Arenas
Extraction of petrol, gas and coal
Puerto Natales, Magallanes Region

80. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Population
Less population
- Unfavorable terrain
-Climate
-Lack of employment
 Los Ríos & Los Lagos Regions 1/3 rural population
 Urban population:
 - Valdivia
 -Osorno
 - Puerto Montt
Osorno, Los Lagos Region

81. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Mining
●
Araucanía IX
Los Ríos XIV
Los Lagos X
Magallanes XII
Aysen XI
-not all are profitable
Working:
-Coal mine Marfil Mine IX Region
-Clay Osorno
-Cancagua & sandstone in the Reloncaví Sound
-Oil reserves (not enough for national needs)
-gas
-pete
-Coal
Puerto Natales:
-gold
-lead
-copper
-Deposits of
-Gold
--aluminum
-Silver
-Copper

82. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Land Resources
Distributed in the region depending on specific needs
Places with low population and a lot of land
Sheep in Aysen Region
Cattle in Pto. Natales, Magallanes Region

83. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH-Land & ocean resources
●
Agriculture
Livestock
Forestry
Araucanía IX
Los Lagos X
Industrial farms:
-oilseed
-wheat
-grassland
Magallanes
Greenhouse prodiction
Los Ríos XIV Los Lagos X
-Cattle
-Sheep
-Poultry
-Swine
-Aysen XI
-Cattle
-Magallanes XII
-Sheep
- Native forests in all the region.
Ocean
Salmon & seafood cultivation in Los Lagos & Aysen
Crab & other shellfish in Punta Arenas
- Industrial fisging

84. SOUTH AND FAR SOUTH- SOUTH-Land & ocean resources
Salmon cultivation in Cochamó, Los Lagos region.
Crab extracion in Punta Arenas, Magallanes Region