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Grow! 2013 "The Accessible Home"
- 1. The Accessible Home Grow! 2013 Deborah Nash, ASID, RID, RAS
- 2. “4 out of 5 Americans over the age of 45 would like to remain in their current residences for as long as possible.” -AARP Sept. 2012
- 3. Residential designers will gain technical and practical information in accessible design specifically for the home.
- 4. How did accessibility design become such a big deal?
- 17. 1961 The first national standard for accessible design was published ANSI A117.1 Compliance was voluntary
- 18. 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
- 19. Americans with Disabilities ACT (ADA) Title I: Employment Title II: Public entities (state and local) & public transportation Title III: Public accommodation & commercial facilities Title IV: Telecommunications Title V: Anti retaliation & coercion protection
- 20. Americans with Disabilities ACT (ADA) Title I: Employment Title II: Public entities (state and local) & public transportation Title III: Public accommodation & commercial facilities Title IV: Telecommunications Title V: Anti retaliation & coercion protection
- 21. 1991 American with Disabilities Act Architectural Guidelines (ADAAG) Compliance was mandatory except for for privately owned residences.
- 24. Mandatory compliance since March 15, 2012 http://www.ada.gov/regs2010/2010ADAStandards/2010ADAStandards_prt.pdf
- 27. Information Gathering “Can my client move, function, work and live safely and without frustration?”
- 28. Information Gathering Never assume.
- 29. Information Gathering What is your client’s prognosis?
- 30. Information Gathering What is your client’s prognosis ?
- 31. Information Gathering Understand your client’s reach limitations.
- 33. Basic Measurement to Know Forward reach unobstructed
- 34. Basic Measurement to Know Side reach unobstructed
- 35. Basic Measurement to Know Side reach obstructed
- 36. Basic Measurement to Know Forward reach obstructed
- 37. Information Gathering What is your client’s preferred and stronger side?
- 38. Information Gathering Observe your client’s daily routines.
- 40. Information Gathering Is there assistive home care ?
- 41. Information Gathering What equipment is used ?
- 42. Information Gathering Measure your client’s mobility device.
- 55. Basic measurement to know 360 turn
- 57. Less than 50% of manual or powered wheelchairs can make a 360 unobstructed turn within 60 inches 0% of scooters can make a 360 unobstructed turn within 60 inches
- 58. Information Gathering Does your client carry a ventilator, backpack, keyboard, basket on the mobility device?
- 60. Information Gathering Does your client drive? How does your client enter & exit their vehicle?
- 61. Basic Measurement to Know Parking
- 62. Basic Measurement to Know Parking access aisle
- 63. Information Gathering Check out your client’s existing furniture and fixtures.
- 64. 17” – 19” seat height (compressed cushion)
- 65. 25” – 27” arm height
- 66. 20” – 24” seat depth
- 67. Information Gathering In renovation projects, ask what built-ins need to be modified?
- 68. Basic Measurement to Know Clear floor space
- 69. Basic Measurement to Know Clear floor space in an alcove
- 70. Doors
- 71. Basic Measurement to Know Door maneuvering clearances
- 72. Used by permission US Access Board / Great Lakes ADA Center
- 75. Door hardware Smart Key app Smart Key app
- 79. Smooth door surfaces within 10” of floor Used by permission US Access Board / Great Lakes ADA Center
- 80. Gates
- 81. Floor and ground surfaces
- 85. No rugs.
- 94. Basic Measurement to Know
- 97. Bathrooms
- 99. Water closet centerline for wheeled mobility users
- 100. Water closet centerline for ambulatory people
- 101. Water closet clear floor space
- 102. Used by permission US Access Board / Great Lakes ADA Center
- 104. Back grab bar at water closet
- 106. Back grab bar at water closet Used by permission US Access Board / Great Lakes ADA Center
- 108. Side grab bar at water closet
- 109. Grab bar clearances Used by permission US Access Board / Great Lakes ADA Center
- 110. Toilet paper dispenser location
- 113. Basic Measurement to Know Knee and toe clearances
- 114. Lavatory
- 136. Basic Measurement to Know
- 138. Kitchen
- 161. Deborah Nash, ASID, RID, RAS Accessibility Consultants of Texas 1910 Warwick Cir W Longview TX 75601 903-452-0907 www.actexas.net Deborah.Nash@actexas.net
Notas del editor
- American Assoc of Retired Persons study. Even if they need help, older Americans prefer receiving services that allow them to stay in their current home. Independence is the key!
- Example: Chaney kitchen remodel
- 80 yrs ago, accessibility design came from being non-existent to being a mandatory continuing education requirement for design professionals! How did we get here?
- Put in perspective-Two greatest factors in accessible design came from medical advances and wounded soldiers in the 20th century!
- People living w/ major illness and disabilities were a rare exception in the first half of the 20th century. From 1900 – 1950, the average life span in the US was less than 50 yrs….today the average life expectancy is 77.6 yrs in the US!Fewer than 10% of persons who sustained spinal cord injuries survived either the initial event or post event symptoms (pneumonia, infection, etc)
- Antibiotics were not well developed (until 1940’s)
- The polio vaccine wasn’t developed until 1952.
- As medical treatment techniques improved, they were applied to war battlefields
- WWI & WWII brought a significant number battlefield injury survivors home.
- Our society was trying learning how to adapt to the disable vets.
- As a result, Veteran’s Administration (1930) was established to take care of the disabled vets.
- In the last half of the 20th century, the Korean & Vietnam wars continued the rise in wounded soldier survival. War vets and civilians with disabilities began surviving and living longer as a result of improved medical technique. As result; our population continued to increase with people living with disabilities!
- Unfortunately, there were poor expectations and opportunities for people w/ physical disabilities. As a result of the difficulties adapting,,,alcoholism, drug abuse, poor lifestyle choices, and suicide greatly increased and became big issues w/ people living w/ disabilities. Initially, the VA thought education was the key to overcoming the lack of society integration for the disabled vets.
- The VA began providing scholarships and incentives for veterans with disabilities to get college degrees and technical education. However, the physically disabled couldn’t get into classrooms, dorms, or places to work.
- These places were inaccessible!
- The government soon recognized people couldn’t get educated & work if buildings weren’t accessible. In 1961, the first national standard for accessible design was published. You know it as ANSI A117.1. Compliance was voluntary.Not much was improved in accessibility in the built environment and our population of people living with disabilities continued to increase.
- 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) passed. This is civil rights legislation and encompasses 5 sections.The US Access Board was created to administer this act and the DOJ enforces this act
- THe US access Board was created to administer this act.
- 1991 Americans with Disabilities Act Architectural Guidelines (ADAAG) was rushed out as accessibility guidelines for federal and commercial facilities in order to comply with the new civil rights ADA act.
- This standard is based on military population…male soldier measurements using a manual wheelchair
- 2010 Standard of Accessible Design adopted by DOJ
- TAS revised- follows new SAD
- People are living longer with physical complications due to medical and health advances. And, military and traumatic accidents live longer. Our population has dramatically increased with people who need accessible design!
- Ask questions about your client’s disability.Watch how your client moves. Are they touching walls and furniture as they walk?
- Again, don’t assume that things are going to stay the same!
- If there is a disabled child in the family, will the parents be the primary care givers as child ages to adulthood? There will be compound issues as the parents age and become senior adults caring for an adult with disabilities! Long term planning will be needed. For instance: Blocking in ceiling in bedroom/bath for ceiling lifts may be needed.
- Measure forward, downward, side and up reaches on both arms.
- For forearm crutches may limit reach
- Use this figure in your construction documents for subs. Insert your client’s reach range dimensions.
- Workstations, garage shop, desks, hobby, kitchen, bath
- Check the gripping strength of both R & L hand for controls and thumb/forefinger grip.If there are weak fine motor skills in hands, ask if tasks can be performed one-handedExample: Cherokee Lake consult
- Is there a service animal?Supply storageSpace for animal to maneuver in tight rooms and halls.
- Who? Family, friends, paid attendants, or combination?How frequently is home care needed?Live-in space?Extra maneuvering space for assistant and client in bathrooms.
- Who uses it? (Parent, assistive care?)How is the equipment used? Do not assume you know how it works!
- There are too many new developments and types of mobility devices on the market!
- There are too many new developments and types of mobility devices on the market today.
- The problem is our accessibility standards are based on a military population; male soldiers injured in war using manual wheelchairs!
- A new anthropometry study was released in about 2 yrs ago the Center for Inclusive Design and Environmental Access: at The State Univ. of NY @ Buffalo sponsored by US Access Board & Dept of Education.Research on about 500 different types of people and disabilities identified that the standards are not appropriate for the current era. We need to generally increase dimensions in existing standards by 2”-6”!
- Turning space : 5’ diameter -don’t design too tight!
- Less than 50% of manual or powered wheelchairs could make a 360 degree turn within a 5’ square.
- None of the scooters could perform the 360 turn! The tightest was 75” in diameter. 98” diameter accommodates all mobility devices. So, if you are designing a space specifically for someone in a mobility device, measure the space it takes your client to make a tight 360 turn.
- Does the client carry a ventilator, backpack, keyboard, basket on the mobility device? This info is Important for furniture lay-out…commercial project also! What equipment is used? How are they used?(wheelchairs, catheters, oxygen, assistive devices, lifts, etc. ) Plan space for this equip.
- Van’s require extra room.Important info to know for garage/carport/driveway maneuvering.
- Garage, car ports, & driveways
- Imperative to know what side the client uses to enter & exit.Ask: does client back in or pull forward?
- If your client uses a wheelchair, does the wheelchair arm rest clear the counters, desks and hobby area work surfaces?Are the chairs appropriate?
- Measure tibia! Quadriceps, gluteus medius & hip abductors muscles may be weak. Nerve fibers that connect to these muscle degenerate causing muscle weakness in normal aging!Seat ht: 17-19” Knees cannot be higher than the hip. Seat must be no lower!
- Seating arms must extend to front of the seat to support weight of person with weak core strength who lean on them in order to stand or sit unassisted.
- Stable chair… No tipping of chair /drop & flop; lower back & thorax muscles need support for spine and pelvis stabilizationStructural strength: 250 lbf– Know your client’s weight!Fabric: specify textured to avoid slipping. Easy to clean if there are incontinant issues.Low vision clients:Visual clues are vital-Increase visual contrast between furniture and floor colors to prevent fallsFurniture contrast from wall color provides visual clues for low vision.Lamp & controls.
- Does the toe clearance under base cabinetry need to be raised?
- Workstations, garage shop, desks, hobby, kitchen, bath
- Need extra space is in an alcove over 24” deep.
- Major problem in adapting existing home; too narrow.
- Look at both sides of the door; push & pull side. Look at the approach to the door…forward, hinge side, latch side.
- Door man cl.: Measured form wall of door – not door faceMax offset from face of door is 8”
- built-ins pull latch side
- Concave lock for people with muscle control or visual impairment (or full hands in the dark!)No reason to ever have knob handles on doors!
- works by sending electronic keys directly to a user’s phone in the form of a QR code attached to an email or message. The keys can be remotely assigned to certain users. For instance, the owner can grant a repair man access to their home for a short period so that he can open the door to access certain areas of the home. The uses a near filed communication transmission for data to be exchanged over short ranges of up to a few centimeters. The phone must be held close to the lock to work.
- Marketing tool by manufacturers…beware!
- ADA does not review or endorse products.
- Door width 36” min. for at least one door leaf.Foot rests can get caught in mounding
- Door surface on push side (not pull side) must be smooth 10” min AFF for full width of door. No door stops, protruding moldings, decorative elements on push side..nothing to catch toe rest on wheelchairs.
- Foot rests can get caught in gates
- Anything ½” without a bevel over is a speed bump in a house.
- Specify no transition strips when possible.
- Carpet: Broadloom wit no pad. Glue down or use a commercial grade carpet. Carpet tends to bunch up in the middle of the room witjh continuous wheelchair use.
- Do not even tape them down. Trip hazard…edges &buckeling
- 4” change of level
- Another view
- Steps from deck to lower yard; problem for low vision. No delineation of changes of level.
- Smooth transition from patio. Accessible path around thehome.
- Exterior ramp
- Inadequate floor space at patio seating!Painted wood surface slippery.
- Exterior ramp. Should have edge protection on lower edge of ramp.Charleston
- Exterior ramp w/ handrail
- Handrail extensions. Demonstrate necessity.
- No maneuvering space at door. Needs level landing at least 60” deep.Also, handrails do not extend past ramp bottom.
- Exterior elevator to terraced yard levelsBut, look at the open side of upper level near barriers!
- Plenty of room to maneuver
- Used if client is mobile with balance or weakness (walker & cane use)34” – 38” wide compartment
- 60” wide minimum perpendicular from side wall. No other fixtures (or, obstructions) can be located in this WC cl fl sp.
- This is needed in residential projects where assistance is required. And , for side transfers to the wc.
- Blocking for ceiling lifts for the future
- Block walls for future grab bars
- For residential the lav can be in wc cl floor space 18” from wc centerline. Good for clients that use catheters or other toileting supplies that need to be within reach range.
- New exception to 36” length rear grab bar: 604.5.2 exception 1: allows for a 24” length reargb if adjacent fixture to wc is recessed. Recessed lavatory is good to use in tight toilet rooms! * But, cl fl space will increase to 36” wide at lav because it is now in an alcove.
- storage for depends/catheters or other toileting supplies w/in reach range of WC.
- Vertical grab bars may also be necessary.
- The space between the wall and the grab bar must be 1-1/2” to avoid injury of arm being caught.
- Do not locate dispenser on back wall.
- “Handicapped accessible & universal design”: Location of TP dispenser
- Wheelchair/walker storage in bathroom
- Knee & toe clearance
- No pedestals- unstable when people lean on them and have no knee or toe clearance.“Stradling” is not possible between toe rests!
- Bathroom cabinet storage. Wires run to back wall.
- Accessible shower”…but shower door swings in the wrong direction!
- LED lit grab bars & handrails. touch activated or preset timed. Cooper Lighting” Balance Beam”
- Careful about temporary chairs. Some are not stable.
- Try linear shower drain. No shower thresholds for smooth transition
- Linear drain: Quick Drain USA; plan for 1-1/4” finish wall build out form stud framing to factor in the ½” backer board, water proofing, tile thinset and 3/8” tile thickness.
- Linear drain w/ 2.5” opening
- LED lit floor drain
- Careful with floor slope at shower drains- 2% max.
- Reach range from seat to shelf
- 2 controls-good!
- Good reach is 36” max. from seat to controlShower seat; careful of material specified. Too much texture irritates skin on thighs and bottom!The seat should extend the full depth of the shower. Corner stability aids weak torso.
- No transfer possible to shower seat!Plus, grab bars never go behind seat.
- 12” minimum space from seat wall of shower to transfer
- Maneuvering clearance at seat wall and distance of seat for transferring
- Spacious roll in shower
- Add a panic help button in shower that integrates into home alarm system
- Walk-in tubs; careful about obese clients getting stuck!
- Tub not accessible
- How does someone transfer to tub?
- Accessible bathtub w/ transfer seat
- Watch electrical outlet and control location so that it is easily reached over counters and no one is reaching over cooktops
- Small Kitchen: Mostelements close by
- Base cabinet microwave & drawer dishwashers
- 9” high toe kick on base cabinets
- Cook top; smooth transition to counter.Vent: Gutmann Extraction
- Roll out shelf & lever type controlsSmeg 30” electric SOU330X
- Side hinge oven
- Side swing door on ovenFagor convection oven
- Corner drawer pull outs in base cabinet instead of carousal.
- Organized drawer for low vision & elderly & back problems
- Upper cabinets pull down to counter level
- Pull down upper cabinet
- Cabinet inserts that pull down within existing cabinets to modify for mobility accessibility.
- Cantilevered built-in dining table
- Rolling hamper in bathroom
- Laundry counter
- Laundry counter above washer/dryer
- Closet pull down rods
- Bedroom: block for ceiling lift
- Gardening
- Accessible play yard