Many see full network disaggregation as the ultimate tool to increase flexibility and free operators from dependence on vendors. But partial disaggregation can also go a long way to reducing effort and cost. At March 2018's Netnod meeting, Stephan Neidlinger showed how high-speed interfaces and higher-order modulation need to be supported by open optical line systems, and outlined how multi-layer and multi-vendor orchestration and management are key.

1. Evolution of high-speed interfaces
in disaggregated open networks
Stephan Neidlinger
Netnod, Stockholm, March 15, 2018

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Outline
Disaggregated networks
High-speed interfaces and modulation formats
Multi-layer/-vendor orchestration/management
1
2
3

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Aggregated and disaggregated networksAggregated
Fully aggregated: Entire transport network acts as a single managed system
End to End System
API
FSP Network
Hypervisor
Transponder TransponderTerminal ILA ROADM Terminal
Fully disaggregated: Everything is a separate network element
Partly disaggregated: Transponder is one element, open line system (OLS) is second
Degrees
Open Line System
Disaggregated
APIAPI API
APIAPIAPI API API API
IETF TEAS TE topology
ONF transport-API
AT&T
Google
ONF Core Model
ONF Core Model

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Investment and depreciation
Value
Optical
line system
Fiber
Depreciation
3 years+
Depreciation
10 years+
Transponder
Disaggregation flexibility: Different lifecycles for line systems and terminals

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Modulation format comparison
Fiber capacity
Size, power and cost
Applications
Evolution
Coherent
detection
Direct
detection
Local oscillator (laser) at receiver, for optical phase
detection. Higher order modulation.
No local oscillator (laser) at the receiver.
Higher-order modulation.
I
Q
Maximum spectral efficiency Reduced spectral efficiency
Complex Tx/Rx, high speed ASICs and DSPs Simpler, lower cost, lower power
Higher order QAM modulation More carriers, low-cost modulation formats
Regional and long distance Shorter reach point-to-point metro

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Unprecedented network flexibility
Coherent detection
Configure constellation and
baud rate for selected data
rate
• 100-600Gbit/s
• 50Gbit/s steps
Optimize for given channel
• Based on receive OSNR
and spectral shaping due
to ROADM cascades

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Coherent evolution
200G: 2016
100G: 2011 2014 2016/17
400G: 2018 2019/20
5x7 MSA module CFP-DCO CFP2-A/DCO OSFP

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Modulation format comparison
Fiber capacity
Size, power and cost
Applications
Evolution
Coherent
detection
Direct
detection
Local oscillator (laser) at receiver, for optical phase
detection. Higher order modulation.
No local oscillator (laser) at the receiver.
Higher order-modulation.
I
Q
Maximum spectral efficiency Reduced spectral efficiency
Complex Tx/Rx, high speed ASICs and DSPs Simpler, lower cost, lower power
Higher-order QAM modulation More carriers, low-cost modulation formats
Regional and long distance Shorter reach point-to-point metro

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• QSFP28 DWDM (non-tunable) pluggable optics (directly into switch/router)
• Dual-wavelength 2x 56Gbit/s PAM4 (non-tunable)
• Up to 4Tbit/s capacity in C-band
• Low power solution: ~4.5W
Direct detect pluggable
Direct detection
100GHz channel spacing 100GHz channel spacing
Each channel, made up of two wavelengths,
is centered on the ITU-T 100GHz channel grid
- One wavelength is offset from the
grid center frequency by -25GHz
- The other wavelength is offset by +25GHz
 100G of capacity in 100GHz of bandwidth

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OFC 2017 direct detect demo

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Multi-layer/-vendor orchestration/management
Optical layer
Open line system
APIAPI API
Packet layer
API API
SDN control
Orchestrator
Routers/switches
API API
Verticaldisaggregation
Horizontal disaggregation

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Control layer
Transport SDN architecture
Application
layer
NBI / APIs
Cloud orchestrator
Network
orchestrator
StorageCompute
Parent
controller
Domain
controller
Domain
controller
Domain
controller
Infrastructure layer
SBI
Domain 1 Domain 2 Domain 3
NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE
• Diverse applications
• Planning, optimization, services,
etc.
• Common framework
• Multi‐vendor NW SW
• Routing, resiliency
• Standard, programmatic
interfaces across layers
• Open/common device data
models
Common APIs
Standard
interfaces
Open platform

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YANG data models – 'Pick and Choose'
Transport-API
Device Core model
IA
Infrastructure
Network
Services
IETF network
IETF network-
topology
IETF TE topology
IETF WSON
technology
IETF flexi-grid TED
IETF flexi-grid
media channel
IETF TE tunnels
Common
Optical
transport
Telemetry
SDO
Device
Network
Services
Topology
Path
computation
Virtualnetwork
Notification
Connectivity
Carrier ISPs, IP over Optical Web 2.0 Disaggregation

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Key takeaways
• Disaggregation will increase network flexibility and
reduce vendor dependency
• Partial disaggregation will reduce network operator
integration efforts
• High-speed interfaces and higher-order modulation
need to be supported by open optical line systems
(wavelength grid, optical impairment compensation,
…)
• Multi-layer and -vendor orchestration/management is
key for real network deployments

17. Thank you
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sneidlinger@advaoptical.com