Use this to prepare and study Lesson 5.

1. Splash Screen

2. Contents Chapter Introduction Section 1 Transforming the Roman World Section 2 Feudalism Section 3 The Growth of European Exchange Section 4 The Byzantine Empire and the Crusades Chapter Summary Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides.

3. Intro 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

9. End of Intro

13. Section 1-4 Preview of Events Transforming the Roman World

14. Section 1-5 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

15. Section 1-6 Although Christians generally rejected the ancient Egyptian practice of embalming, considering it to be a pagan custom that mutilated the corpse, Charlemagne’s embalmed and well-dressed corpse was placed in a sitting position in his tomb at Aachen, in present-day Germany.

24. Section 1-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why do you think the Frankish custom was for a kingdom to be divided among the king’s sons after his death? This practice helped to avoid conflicts over who would rule. All the sons got a piece of the pie. The New Germanic Kingdoms (cont.) (pages 285–287)

34. Section 1-25 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What did Benedict mean when he said, “Idleness is the enemy of the soul”? Possible answer: Idleness might allow the mind, heart, and desires to wander, making the person more vulnerable to temptation. The Role of the Church (cont.) (pages 287–288)

42. Section 1-33 Compare and contrast Charlemagne’s attempts to create European unity with those of European leaders today and the European Union. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Possible answer: Probably the largest point of contrast is that unity now is more economic than in Charlemagne’s day. Also, religious differences are respected or tolerated, and no European state sponsors missionaries. A similarity is the importance of knowledge, now more the exchange and sharing of information rather than classical or religious learning. Also, in Aachen, Germany, the Charlemagne Prize is awarded each year in May for contributions to European unity. Charlemagne and the Carolingians (cont.) (pages 289–290)

43. Section 1-34 __ 1. a person sent out to carry a religious message __ 2. “money for a man,” the value of a person in money, depending on social status; in Germanic society, a fine paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person he or she had injured or killed __ 3. a man who separates himself from ordinary human society in order to dedicate himself to God; monks live in monasteries headed by abbots A. wergild B. bishopric C. monk D. missionary E. abbess Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. D A C Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

44. Section 1-35 __ 4. the head of a convent __ 5. a group of Christian communities, or parishes, under the authority of a bishop Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. E B Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. A. wergild B. bishopric C. monk D. missionary E. abbess

45. Section 1-36 Summarize the crucial social bond among the Germanic peoples and one area of its application. Checking for Understanding Family was a crucial social bond that affected the concept of crime and punishment. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

46. Section 1-37 Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List the daily activities of the Benedictine monks. Prayer and manual labor were the daily activities of the Benedictine monks.

47. Section 1-38 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain What significance did Charlemagne’s coronation as Roman emperor have to the development of European civilization? Charlemagne’s coronation as Roman emperor symbolized the union of Roman, Christian, and Germanic elements.

48. Section 1-39 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Examine the painting of Charlemagne shown on page 289 of your textbook. How does this representation reflect Charlemagne’s dual role as emperor and as Christian leader? Charlemagne holds a sword (military leader) and an orb with a cross (spiritual leader).

49. Section 1-40 Close Discuss the cooperation between religious and political leaders during this period and the spread of Christianity through monastic life.

50. End of Section 1

54. Section 2-4 Preview of Events Feudalism

55. Section 2-5 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

56. Section 2-6 Feudal relationships were like a pyramid, with the king at the top, the lords in the middle–each of whom served a lord of the next higher rank–and peasants at the bottom. A lady, or noblewoman, had few rights even though she often had extensive responsibilities running the household and estates.

61. Section 2-11 What did the Vikings do long before 1492? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Evidence in Canada shows that Vikings were the first Europeans to sail to the Americas, landing about 500 years earlier than Christopher Columbus. The Vikings did not colonize where they landed, however. The Invaders (cont.) (pages 291–292)

71. Section 2-21 What changes made it possible for heavily armored knights to use lances as they did? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The larger horses could carry the weight of armored horsemen and stirrups kept the knights on their horses when they fought with large lances and used them as battering rams. The Development of Feudalism (pages 292–294) (cont.)

78. Section 2-28 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why in the male-dominated society of feudal Europe did noble women often have to manage the households, estates, and financial accounts of their families? The lords were often away at court or at war. The Nobility of the Middle Ages and Aristocratic Women (cont.) (pages 295–296)

79. Section 2-29 __ 1. under feudalism, a man who served a lord in a military capacity __ 2. in the Middle Ages, the ideal of civilized behavior that developed among the nobility; it was a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold __ 3. under feudalism, a member of the heavily armored cavalry __ 4. under feudalism, a grant of land made to a vassal, who held political authority within it A. feudalism B. vassal C. knight D. fief E. chivalry Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. B E C D Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

80. Section 2-30 __ 5. political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages, when royal governments were no longer able to defend their subjects; nobles offered protection and land in return for service A. feudalism B. vassal C. knight D. fief E. chivalry Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. A Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

81. Section 2-31 Describe the benefits granted a vassal under feudalism. What was a vassal’s primary obligation to his lord? Checking for Understanding Land and protection were granted to a vassal under feudalism. The vassal’s primary obligation to his lord was military service. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

82. Section 2-32 Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List the invasions that besieged the Carolingian Empire in the ninth and tenth centuries. Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings invaded the Carolingian Empire.

83. Section 2-33 Critical Thinking Summarize What factors helped feudalism develop in western Europe during the ninth and tenth centuries? The collapse of central authority and invasions by Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings helped feudalism develop. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

84. Section 2-34 Examine the image shown on page 291 of your textbook. How does this image visually represent the medieval system of feudalism? Analyzing Visuals The lesser lord (kneeling) is paying homage to the greater lord (elevated). The presence of people shows that feudalism was a communal contract. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

85. Section 2-35 Close Discuss feudalism.

86. End of Section 2

90. Section 3-4 Preview of Events The Growth of European Kingdoms

91. Section 3-5 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

92. Section 3-6 Eleanor of Aquitaine helped turn the court of Poitiers, frequented by the most famous troubadours of her time, into a center of poetry. She was a patron of the two dominant poetic movements of the time: the courtly love tradition and the historical “legends of Brittany.”

101. Section 3-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What later political movements did the Magna Carta affect? The Magna Carta was used against the idea that a monarch’s power was absolute. Therefore, it affected all movements that tried to restrict the power of the king, including the American democratic movement for independence from Britain. England in the High Middle Ages (cont.) (pages 297–299)

105. Section 3-19 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What group is now sometimes called the Fourth Estate? The group is journalists. The French Kingdom (cont.) (page 299)

111. Section 3-25 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. The French philosopher Voltaire observed ironically that the Holy Roman Empire was not holy, Roman, or an empire. What do you think he meant? He meant that its origin and actions were not holy; it was not Roman because eastern Frankish Saxons headed it; and it was not an empire because the “emperors” never were able to conquer Italy and other former parts of the Roman Empire, as they wished. They did not have the power or lands associated with empire. The Holy Roman Empire (cont.) (page 300)

119. Section 3-33 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Should religions and churches send missionaries to areas with different faiths, or is doing so a violation of those the missionaries are there to convert? Possible answer: People do not have to accept what the missionaries teach; missionaries can also be part of eradicating an indigenous culture. Central and Eastern Europe and The Development of Russia (cont.) (pages 300–301)

120. Section 3-34 __ 1. one of the three classes into which French society was divided before the revolution: the clergy (first), the nobles (second), and the townspeople (third) __ 2. a uniform system of law that developed in England based on court decisions and on customs and usage rather than on written law codes; replaced law codes that varied from place to place __ 3. the “Great Charter” of rights, which King John was forced to sign by the English nobles at Runnymeade in 1215 A. common law B. Magna Carta C. estate Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. C A B Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

121. Section 3-35 Explain what Henry II accomplished when he expanded the power of the royal courts in England. Checking for Understanding Henry II expanded the king’s power and helped create common law. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

122. Section 3-36 Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List the three estates in France. The clergy, the nobles, and the townspeople and peasants were the three estates in France.

123. Section 3-37 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain Unified national monarchies did not develop in Germany and Italy as they did in France and England in the High Middle Ages. Why not? While the German kings were in Italy, powerful nobles back home established independent kingdoms.

124. Section 3-38 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Examine the photograph of the medieval castle shown on page 294 of your textbook. Identify the major architectural elements that helped inhabitants of the castle to defend themselves against attack. Turrets, moat, and gated windows helped castle inhabitants defend themselves against attack.

125. Section 3-39 Close Discuss the major figures of this section, such as William of Normandy, Henry II, King John, Philip II Augustus, Louis IX, Frederick I and II, and Alexander Nevsky.

126. End of Section 3

130. Section 4-4 Preview of Events The Byzantine Empire and the Crusades

131. Section 4-5 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

132. Section 4-6 In the Middle Ages churches generally took a very long time to construct, but Hagia Sophia was built in the amazingly short period of five years, 10 months, and four days.

136. Section 4-10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why is having a consistent, basic body of law important to a civilization? Possible answer: Such a body of law provides a basis for the stability and peace necessary for a culture and civilization to flourish. The Reign of Justinian (cont.) (pages 303–304)

142. Section 4-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What is the origin of the name Byzantine in Byzantine Empire? The word means an inhabitant of Byzantium, which was the name of the ancient Greek colony that became Constantinople. From Eastern Roman Empire to Byzantine Empire (cont.) (pages 304–305)

147. Section 4-21 Consider your state capital or Washington, D.C. What building or buildings dominate the city? What are the effects of the architecture, or what does the architecture symbolize? Life in Constantinople (cont.) (page 305)

152. Section 4-26 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why was silk so highly prized? Possible answers: Silk came from the East, which was exciting and exotic to the European imagination. Silk has a wonderful texture, and owning and wearing silk signified status. New Heights and New Problems (cont.) (pages 305–306)

163. Section 4-37 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. How did the Crusades help break down feudalism? As kings lowered taxes and raised armies, the nobles lost power. Taxing trade with the East also provided kings with new wealth, and they no longer depended on their feudal relationship with vassals for protection. The Crusades (cont.) (pages 306–308)

164. Section 4-38 __ 1. the separation between the two great branches of Christianity that occurred when the Roman Pope Leo IX and the Byzantine patriarch Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other in 1054 __ 2. an unbeliever, a term applied to the Muslims during the Crusades __ 3. the head of the Eastern Orthodox Church, originally appointed by the Byzantine emperor __ 4. military expeditions carried out by European Christians in the Middle Ages to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims A. patriarch B. schism C. Crusades D. infidel Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. B D A C Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

165. Section 4-39 Explain how church and state were linked in the Byzantine Empire. Checking for Understanding The emperor was widely believed to be chosen by God, and he appointed the patriarch. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

166. Section 4-40 Checking for Understanding Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List Justinian’s accomplishments. Justinian restored the Roman Empire in the Mediterranean and codified Roman law.

167. Section 4-41 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Explain Why did cities such as Venice flourish as a result of the Crusades? Trade increased, since supplies from Europe went through the city.

168. Section 4-42 Analyzing Visuals Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Examine the medieval illustration of one of the battles of the Crusades shown on page 306 of your textbook. How does this visual portrayal of a battle compare to the idealistic goals of the Crusades themselves? The Crusades were conducted in God’s name, but many people died violently.

169. Section 4-43 Close Discuss the positive and negative effects of the Crusades on Western civilization.

170. End of Section 4

171. Chapter Summary 1 Chapter Summary Europe and the Byzantine Empire changed and developed in many ways during the Middle Ages.

172. End of Chapter Summary

173. Chapter Assessment 1 1. The _______________ determined the relationship between a lord and his vassals. 2. _______________ was the amount paid by a wrongdoer to the family of an injured person. 3. A series of Christian military expeditions were called the _______________. 4. The _______________ is the Byzantine counterpart to the pope in Rome. 5. A _______________ was the grant of land from the lord to a vassal in return for military service. Insert the key term that best completes each of the following sentences. Using Key Terms Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. feudal contract Wergild Crusades patriarch fief

174. Chapter Assessment 2 Citizenship How did the bond of extended family affect the way Germanic law treated the problem of crime and punishment? Reviewing Key Facts Germanic law was personal; crimes were considered family feuds and were handled by a system of determination of guilt and payment for injury. Payment was based on rank in society. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

175. Chapter Assessment 3 Reviewing Key Facts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. History What two important functions did monks perform? They were Christian missionaries, and they spread learning.

176. Chapter Assessment 4 Reviewing Key Facts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Government Name one basic difference between the Roman and Germanic legal systems. In the Roman system, a crime such as murder was considered an offense against society or the state; in Germanic law, such a crime was considered personal, calling for the wrongdoer to pay wergild to the family of the wronged party.

177. Chapter Assessment 5 Reviewing Key Facts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Government How did Henry II enlarge the power of the English monarchy? Henry II enlarged the power of the English monarch by expanding the power of the royal courts.

178. Chapter Assessment 6 Reviewing Key Facts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Culture What was the historical context in which the code of chivalry emerged? It was a code of civilized behavior for the nobility that evolved under the influence of the Catholic Church.

179. Chapter Assessment 7 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing What factors helped feudalism to develop in western Europe during the ninth and tenth centuries? Describe the major characteristics of the political system of feudalism. The disintegration of authority in the Carolingian world and invasions of Muslims, Magyars, and Vikings helped feudalism develop. Invaders posed a threat to inhabitants, who sought protection from local nobles. Lords created private armies to provide protection and gave land to vassals in return for an oath of loyalty and military service as knights. Vassals in turn protected the serfs, who worked the land they received from the lords.

180. Chapter Assessment 8 Critical Thinking Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Cause and Effect What caused the schism in Christianity in the eleventh century? Could the split have been prevented? The unwillingness of the Eastern Orthodox Church to accept the pope’s claim that he was the sole head of the Christian faith caused the schism in Christianity. The split probably could not have been prevented, since it was essentially an attempt of the popes to assert their power over all of Christendom, and there was no room for compromise.

181. Chapter Assessment 9 Analyzing Maps and Charts Examine the map below showing the expansion of Moscow from 1300 to 1462 and answer the following questions.

182. Chapter Assessment 10 By what year had the Volga River been added to Russia’s holdings? By 1425 the Volga River had been added to Russia’s holdings. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Maps and Charts

183. Chapter Assessment 11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Maps and Charts What geographic features enabled the princes of Russia to expand their holdings? Rivers enabled Russian princes to expand their holdings.

184. Chapter Assessment 12 Analyzing Maps and Charts By 1493 Moscow’s ruler claimed to be “Sovereign of All Russia.” About how far did Moscow’s territory stretch from north to south in 1462? Moscow’s territory stretched approximately 550 miles south. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

185. Chapter Assessment 13 Between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries, both England and France A defeated Frankish rulers and established autonomous kingdoms. B were rebuilt by Emperor Justinian. C established parliaments to help royal authorities rule. D were accomplished shipbuilders and sailors. Test-Taking Tip Questions that ask about a specific fact can be difficult if you do not know the answer. Increase your chances of choosing the correct answer by looking at each answer choice and thinking about the context in which it was discussed in class and in the textbook. Then, eliminate choices you know are wrong. Finally, ask yourself which remaining choice makes the most sense and select that as your answer. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Directions: Choose the best answer to the following question. Standardized Test Practice

186. End of Chapter Assessment

187. World History Online Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Glencoe World History Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://wh.glencoe.com

188. CC 2 Economics Although advancements in weaponry made the knights of Europe more powerful, the cost of supplying these soldiers also increased. Explain how this practice and the taxes placed on peasants who supported the knights affected the feudal economy.

189. CC 1 Government Explain why a government based on the administrative ability of the leader’s household staff, as was Charlemagne’s, is likely to decline after his or her death. Compare this personal method of choosing government officials with the civil service examinations that were used in China.

190. CC 4 contents Economics Literature Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

191. CC 4a Economics Explain why Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, was particularly well located to become a wealthy and powerful city. Do you think the Byzantine Empire could have been an important force in history without the wealth generated in Constantinople?

192. CC 4b Literature Read Sir Walter Scott’s Ivanhoe, whose main character is a Crusader. Report to the class on the Christian-Jewish interactions described in the novel.

193. WWWW 1 Missionaries Pope Gregory I was so impressed with the Benedictine Rule that he adopted it to spread Christianity in Europe. In 597, he sent monks to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons. From England, missionaries carried Christianity to northern Germany. Irish missionaries traveled widely during the 600s. By the mid 1000s, most western Europeans had become Catholics.

194. WWWW 2 Armor Early medieval armor, called chain mail, consisted of small metal rings linked closely together. With the development of more deadly weaponry–crossbows, maces, and axes–heavier protection was needed. By the 1400s, most knights wore suits of plate armor.

195. WWWW 3 Louis IX Trade Routes Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

196. WWWW 3a Louis IX advised his son: “[Have] a tender pitiful heart for the poor . . . [and] hold yourself loyal toward your subjects and your vassals. . . . If a poor man have a quarrel with a rich man, sustain the poor until the truth is made clear, and when you know the truth, do justice to them.”

197. WWWW 3b Trade Routes Among the most famous of the ancient trade routes was the one that went from Scandinavia to the Byzantine Empire. To a large extent, Kiev and Novgorod, the principal cities of ancient Rus, flourished because they were located along the waterways of this important route.

198. TP 3 Unlike the United States, the United Kingdom has no single written constitution. Instead, it is governed according to a series of laws and charters. Among the oldest of them is the Magna Carta. How has the Magna Carta changed the balance of power in government?

199. Skill Builder 1 Imagine that you are watching two candidates for president debate the merits of the college loan program. One says, “In my view, the college loan program must be reformed. Sixty percent of students do not repay their loans on time.” The other replies, “College costs are skyrocketing, but only 30 percent of students default on their loans for more than one year. I believe we should spend more on this worthy program.” How can you tell who or what to believe? You must learn to distinguish fact from opinion in order to effectively evaluate and analyze information acquired from a variety of sources such as books, television, and the Internet. Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion Why Learn This Skill? This feature can be found on page 309 of your textbook.

200. Skill Builder 2 A fact is a statement that can be proved to be true or false. In the example above, the statement “Sixty percent of students do not repay their loans on time” is a fact. By reviewing statistics on the number of student loan recipients who repay their loans, we can determine whether it is true or false. To identify facts, look for words and phrases indicating specific people, places, events, dates, and times.  Learning the Skill An opinion, on the other hand, expresses a personal belief, viewpoint, or emotion. Because opinions are subjective, we cannot prove or disprove them. In the opening example, most statements by the candidates are opinions. This feature can be found on page 309 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion

201. Skill Builder 3 Learning the Skill Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion Opinions often include qualifying words and phrases such as I think, I believe, probably, seems to be, may, might, could, ought, in my judgment, or in my view. Also, look for expressions of approval or disapproval such as good, bad, poor, and satisfactory. Be aware of superlatives such as greatest, worst, finest, and best. Notice words with negative meanings and implications such as squander, contemptible, and disgrace. Also, identify generalizations such as none, every, always, and never. This feature can be found on page 309 of your textbook.

202. Skill Builder 5 Practicing the Skill For each pair of statements below, determine which is fact and which is opinion. Give a reason for each choice. Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion a The Byzantine Empire came to a pitiful end at the hands of the savage Turks. b The Byzantine Empire ended when Constantine XI died while defending Constantinople in 1453. a opinion; contains words with negative implications (pitiful, savage) b fact; contains facts (specific name, date, and event) This feature can be found on page 309 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

203. Skill Builder 6 Practicing the Skill This feature can be found on page 309 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion For each pair of statements below, determine which is fact and which is opinion. Give a reason for each choice. a The alliance with the Byzantine Empire made Kiev a major trading link between Europe and Asia and between Scandinavia and Southwest Asia. b In the 900s, Kiev was the most isolated, uncivilized place and it possessed little in the way of culture. a fact; includes specific names b opinion; contains superlatives (most isolated, uncivilized) and a phrase with negative implications (little in the way of culture)

204. Skill Builder 7 Practicing the Skill This feature can be found on page 309 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Distinguishing Between Fact and Opinion For each pair of statements below, determine which is fact and which is opinion. Give a reason for each choice. a The Byzantine culture was more advanced than any other of its day. b Vladimir’s conversion to Eastern Orthodoxy brought Byzantine culture to Kievan Rus. a opinion; includes an expression of personal viewpoint (more advanced than any other) that is not backed up by any specifics b fact; includes specific names

205. A Story That Matters 1 Read The Crowning of Charlemagne on page 284 of your textbook. Then answer the questions on the following slides. This feature can be found on page 284 of your textbook.

206. A Story That Matters 2 Why would a strong king like Charlemagne agree to be crowned by the leader of a religion that appeared to be in decline? He welcomed his new title and stature. This feature can be found on page 284 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

207. A Story That Matters 3 Why would the pope agree to crown a king of Rome? The pope wanted to show his gratitude for Charlemagne’s help. This feature can be found on page 284 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

208. A Story That Matters 4 Why did the Byzantine Empire provide western Europe with some safety from invasions from the East? The Byzantine empire served as a buffer between Europe and eastern peoples. This feature can be found on page 284 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

209. Eyewitness 1 Click the image on the right to listen to an excerpt from page 302 of your textbook. Read the information on page 302 of your textbook. Then answer the questions on the following slides. This feature can be found on page 302 of your textbook. Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

210. Eyewitness 2 How did Ibn Fadlan’s impression of the physical attributes of the Swedish Rus differ from his impression of their hygiene? Ibn Fadlan considered the Rus to be perfect physical specimens, but he also found them to be “the filthiest of God’s creatures.” This feature can be found on page 302 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

211. Eyewitness 3 This feature can be found on page 302 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What does the way in which the Rus handled sickness and death tell you about their culture? The Rus, as described in this excerpt, do not seem to be very compassionate. On the other hand, the isolation of those who were sick may demonstrate an understanding of the communicable nature of disease in a time when there were few cures available.

212. Eyewitness 4 This feature can be found on page 302 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why would the Rus way of dealing with hygiene and death be especially repulsive to a Muslim? Because the Muslims were concerned with cleanliness, the habits of the Rus would have been particularly repulsive.

213. The Way It Was 1 The Castles of the Aristocrats The growth of the European nobility in the High Middle Ages (1000 to 1300) was made visible by a growing number of castles scattered across the landscape. Castles varied considerably but possessed two common features: they were permanent residences for the noble family, its retainers, and servants, and they were defensible fortifications. Read the excerpt on pages 294–295 of your textbook and answer the questions on the following slides. This feature can be found on pages 294–295 of your textbook.

214. The Way It Was 2 Explaining What architectural and design features supported the two basic functions of castles? The keep provided a residence for the noble family, retainers, and servants; the moat, walls, gatehouse, and towers provided for defense. This feature can be found on pages 294–295 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

215. The Way It Was 3 Describing What was the lifestyle of the European nobility in the High Middle Ages? Growing wealth made it possible for them to buy luxury goods such as jewelry and exotic spices, as well as to build elaborate castles with rooms that were well furnished and elaborately decorated. This feature can be found on pages 294–295 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

216. The Way It Was 4 Writing about History Does a nobility exist today? Where? Yes, several countries in Europe and elsewhere still have nobility. Probably the best-known example is the United Kingdom. This feature can be found on pages 294–295 of your textbook. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

218. Video 2 Charlemagne and His World According to Professor Hodges, what experience may have shaped Charlemagne's desire to reinvent himself as a latter-day Roman emperor? Traveling the old Roman roads in Italy, Charlemagne may have conceived of an empire based on the Roman model. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

219. Video 3 Charlemagne and His World Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What accomplishments does the Charlemagne Prize honor? The Charlemagne Prize honors accomplishments in fostering a Europe based on shared economic and social values.

220. Maps and Charts 1

221. Maps and Charts 2

222. Maps and Charts 3

223. Maps and Charts 4

224. Maps and Charts 5 Europe, 1160 Slavic Peoples of Central and Eastern Europe Maps Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

225. Maps and Charts 5a

226. Maps and Charts 5b

227. Maps and Charts 6

228. Maps and Charts 2a Carolingian Empire, 768–814 Map Chart Charlemagne, King of the Franks Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

229. Maps and Charts 2b

230. Maps and Charts 2c

231. Maps and Charts 4a Crusades, 1096–1204 Children’s Crusade 1212 Third Crusade, 1189–1192 Maps Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

232. Maps and Charts 4b

233. Maps and Charts 4c

234. Maps and Charts 4d

235. Chapter Transparency

236. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Pepin the Short Charles Martel Many rulers had the same name, so an adjective such as “bald,” or “short” could help people identify them; sometimes numbers were used.

237. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

238. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

239. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. the Bosporus strait the Dardanelles strait spices and jewelry

240. End of Custom Shows End of Custom Shows WARNING! Do Not Remove This slide is intentionally blank and is set to auto-advance to end custom shows and return to the main presentation.

241. End of Slide Show