1. Land Empires in the
The Ottoman Empire
Age of Imperialism
1800–1870
Egypt the Napoleonic Example Muhammad Ali
1798 – Napoleon invaded Egypt and Muhammad Ali used
many French practices
defeated the Mamluk forces he in effort to build up the
encountered there. new Egyptian state.
He established
Fifteen months later, after a series of military schools to train
defeats, Napoleon returned to France, seized modern military
power, and made himself emperor. officers and built
factories to supply his
His generals had little hope of holding on to new army.
power and, in 1801, agreed to