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40 years of HALT:
What Have We
Learned?
Mike Silverman
©2011 ASQ & Presentation Silverman
Presented live on Sept 12th
, 2013
http://reliabilitycalendar.org/webina
rs/english/
ASQ Reliability Division
English Webinar Series
One of the monthly webinars
on topics of interest to
reliability engineers.
To view recorded webinar (available to ASQ Reliability
Division members only) visit asq.org/reliability
To sign up for the free, and available to anyone,
live webinars visit reliabilitycalendar.org/webinars
http://reliabilitycalendar.org/webina
rs/english/
Mike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 3 September 12, 2013ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San Diego
Accelerated Stress Testing and Reliability Workshop
October 9-11, 2013 San Diego, CA
Accelerating Reliability into the 21st
Century
Keynote Presenter Day 1: Vice Admiral Walter Massenburg
Keynote Presenter Day 2: Alain Bensoussan, Thales Avionics
Accelerating Reliability into the 21st
Century
Keynote Presenter Day 1: Vice Admiral Walter Massenburg
Keynote Presenter Day 2: Alain Bensoussan, Thales Avionics
CALL FOR PRESENTATIONS: We are now Accepting Abstracts.
Email to: don.gerstle@gmail.com.
Guidelines on website www.ieee-astr.org
For more details, click here to join our LinkedIn Group:
IEEE/CPMT Workshop on Accelerated Stress Testing and Reliability
Mike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 4 September 12, 2013ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San Diego
This is the 4th of a series of four webinars being
put on by Ops A La Carte, ASTR, and ASQ
Reliability Division
Each webinar will also be presented as a full 2 hour
tutorial at our ASTR Workshop Oct 9-11th
, San
Diego.
Abstracts for presentations are due Apr 30.
www.ieee-astr.org
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 5 September 12, 2013
♦ Introduction 5 min
♦ Accelerated Reliability Growth Testing 45 min
♦ Questions 10 min
Agenda
Mike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 6 September 12, 2013ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San Diego
40 Years of HALT:
What Have We Learned?
By
Mike Silverman, CRE
Managing Partner
Ops A La Carte
mikes@opsalacarte.com
www.opsalacarte.com
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 7 September 12, 2013
INTRODUCTION
 HALT began 40 years ago with a simple idea of testing
beyond specifications in order to better understand
design margins.
 Over the past 40 years, thousands of engineers around
the world have been exposed to the concepts of HALT
and have tried the techniques.
What have we learned in the past 40 Years?
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 8 September 12, 2013
INTRODUCTION
In this seminar, we will cover the following areas:
1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT
2) Basics of HALT
3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability
4) New advances in HALT methodology
5) What % of companies are doing HALT
6) What lies in the future for HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 9 September 12, 2013
 1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT
 2) Basics of HALT
 3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability
 4) New advances in equipment
 5) What % of companies are doing HALT
 6) What lies in the future for HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 10 September 12, 2013
WHAT IS HALT?
HALT: Done to ruggedize the product and obtain
large margins over the expected in-use conditions. Uses
all stresses which can cause relevant failures. Stresses
are not limited to field levels or stresses.
- “Accelerated Reliability Engineering: HALT and HASS”, Gregg Hobbs
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 11 September 12, 2013
WHAT IS HALT?
HALT: A design technique used to discover product
weaknesses and improve design margins. The intent is to
systematically subject a product to stress stimuli
well beyond the expected field environments in order to
determine and expand the operating and destruct limits of
your product.
- 50 Ways to Improve Your Product Reliability, Mike Silverman
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 12 September 12, 2013
WHAT IS HALT?
What do these definitions have in common:
 Greatly accelerated process
 Develop margins between spec and performance
 Not just measuring margins but improving margins
 Separating relevant from non-relevant failures
 Starts early in design
 Stresses are not limited to field stresses
 Stresses are not limited to temperature and vibration
 Power on and effective detection/monitoring
 Combined Environment
 Baby swimming (make more robust to real life later)
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 13 September 12, 2013
WHAT IS NOT HALT?
What are some classic HALT misconceptions:
 My product does not experience vibration so we can’t use it
 The spec for this component is 70C so we can’t go above that
in HALT
 We can’t drill holes in the product because it will change the
airflow
 We must mount it in the same direction as it will be mounted in
the field
 We don’t need to go above the first failure point because that is
what will fail first
 Run to preset levels (remember this is not a pass/fail test)
 Don’t stress beyond specifications
 Only perform HALT at system level
 Just perform HALT only when diags are fully ready
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 14 September 12, 2013
WHAT IS NOT HALT?
And a few more…
 HALT is for electronic equipment only
 We can’t separate out this assembly because it will change the
thermal and vibration characteristics of the product
 We shouldn’t defeat protection circuitry because the product
will never experience higher than this stress.
 Performing each individual stress is the same as combined
stresses
 A G is a G
 15C per minute is a limit of the technology
and my favorite…
 you can only perform HALT in a HALT Chamber
 What other ones can you think of ?
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 15 September 12, 2013
 1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT
 2) Basics of HALT
 3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability
 4) New advances in equipment
 5) What % of companies are doing HALT
 6) What lies in the future for HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 16 September 12, 2013
Stress
Start low and step up the
stress, testing the product
during the stressing
BASICS OF HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 17 September 12, 2013
Failure
Gradually increase
stress level until a
failure occurs
Stress
BASICS OF HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 18 September 12, 2013
© 2008 Ops A La Carte
Stress
Failure
Analysis
Analyze
the failure
BASICS OF HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 19 September 12, 2013
© 2008 Ops A La Carte
Stress
Failure
Analysis
Im
proveMake
temporary
improvements
BASICS OF HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 20 September 12, 2013
© 2008 Ops A La Carte
Stress
Failure
Analysis
Im
prove
(increase)
Increase
stress and
start
process
over
BASICS OF HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 21 September 12, 2013
© 2008 Ops A La Carte
Stress
Failure
Analysis
Im
prove
(increase)Fundamental
Technological
Limit
BASICS OF HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 22 September 12, 2013
© 2008 Ops A La Carte
Classic S-N Diagram
(stress vs. number of cycles)
N0
S0= Normal Stress conditions
N0= Projected Normal Life
S1
S2
N1N2
S0
BASICS OF HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 23 September 12, 2013
© 2008 Ops A La Carte
Classic S-N Diagram
(stress vs. number of cycles)
N0
S0= Normal Stress conditions
N0= Projected Normal Life
S1
S2
N1N2
Point at which failures become non-relevant
S0
BASICS OF HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 24 September 12, 2013
© 2008 Ops A La Carte
Product
Operational
Specs
Stress
Upper
Oper.
Limit
Upper
Destruct
Limit
Lower
Destruct
Limit
Lower
Oper.
Limit
BASICS OF HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 25 September 12, 2013
© 2008 Ops A La Carte
Product
Operational
Specs
Stress
Upper
Oper.
Limit
Upper
Destruct
Limit
Lower
Destruct
Limit
Lower
Oper.
Limit
This is what the product spec distribution really looks like
BASICS OF HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 26 September 12, 2013
© 2008 Ops A La Carte
Product
Operational
Specs
Stress
Upper
Oper.
Limit
Upper
Destruct
Limit
Lower
Destruct
Limit
Lower
Oper.
Limit
Operating
Margin
Destruct
Margin
BASICS OF HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 27 September 12, 2013
 1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT
 2) Basics of HALT
 3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability
 4) New advances in equipment
 5) What % of companies are doing HALT
 6) What lies in the future for HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 28 September 12, 2013
HALT vs. DFR
 DfR is knowledge-based engineering wherein,
starting with capture of requirements and leading to
assured reliability, a reliability plan is designed and
executed using the full skills and knowledge of the
project team. The goal of DfR is to work smarter
through knowledge-based tailoring of the reliability
plan.
 HALT is one of the tools used during a DFR program
to help improve and then prove the product reliability
goals. It is one of the most effective tools but is still
just one of the reliability tools used.
 This is often forgotten by engineers.
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 29 September 12, 2013
HALT vs. DFR
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 30 September 12, 2013
Goal
Setting
Assess-
ment
Bench-
mark
FTAFMEA
Golden
Nuggets
Component
Selection
Predict-
ions
Thermal
Analysis
Derating
Analysis
POF
DOE Tolerance
Analysis
Preventive
Mainten.
EOL
Analysis
Warranty
Analysis
Test
Plan
HALT RDT ALT HALT-AFR
Calculator
FEA Software
Reliability
RCA CLCA
Vendor
Assessmt
HASS ORT OOBA
Lessons
Learned
Warranty
Returns
Reliability
Reporting
Statistics EDA for
Obsolesc
Out-
sourcing
Metrics
Reliability
Plan
CONCEPT
PHASE
DESIGN
PHASE
MANUFACTURING
PHASE
PROTOTYPE
PHASE
Gap
Analysis
Block
Diagrams
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 31 September 12, 2013
 1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT
 2) Basics of HALT
 3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability
 4) New advances in HALT methodology
 5) What % of companies are doing HALT
 6) What lies in the future for HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 32 September 12, 2013
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
 Along with improvements in chamber technology,
there have been advances in the methodology as
well.
 Harry McLean’s HALT Calculator
 To determine “Guard Band” Limits during the
HALT Plan
 To determine AFR after HALT
 Using FMEA to determine specific areas to test for
 Linking HALT to ALT
 Using HALT for software/firmware issues
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 33 September 12, 2013
There are three different approaches to this problem
1) Physics of Failure
Drawback: Too many variables/Model becomes too complex
2) Weibull models/make general assumptions about acceleration factors or
plotting best fit curves.
Drawbacks:
a) Acceleration factors incorrect/Cannot be generalized
b) Existing models are for constant stress and not step stressing
c) Not enough HALT failures for statistically significant data
3) Model using HALT and Field Data
Drawback: requires a lot of data from many different types of products in many
different industries to develop an accurate model. No one had access to this
data…UNTIL NOW!
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT Calculator
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 34 September 12, 2013
• It is a provisional patent Excel-based mathematical model that,
when provided with the appropriate HALT and product information,
will accurately estimate the product’s field AFR or Actual field
Failure Rate.
• Three acceleration models are used, linear, exponential, and quadratic.
• The AFR Estimator has been validated on almost thirty products
from diverse design environments and manufacturers.
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT Calculator
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 35 September 12, 2013
Complete MTBF prediction
1. Use Telcordia, MIL-HDBK-217, or equivalent
2. Parts Count is acceptable
3. Ensure if you have a high failure rate item that you research and get supplier
test/field data to replace handbook data. The calculator is very sensitive to single
component weaknesses in HALT. Therefore, having prediction data for individual
components.
4. If you don’t have access to MTBF Prediction, use default prediction value
provided in model or use built in prediction estimator (model sensitivity to
prediction is relatively low so a default value is acceptable).
To Maximize Use of the ModelTo Maximize Use of the Model
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT Calculator
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 36 September 12, 2013
Complete HALT using the following guidelines:
1. Sample size of at least three, preferably four units.
Model can accommodate 1 to 6.
Realize that HALT sample sizes of three or less will dramatically
affect the ability to detect product defects and hence, the statistical
confidence is likewise, impacted.
1. Perform HALT at each phase of Product
Development Process to expand limits as much as
possible.
But use the results of your HALT later in product development
when samples are more abundant. HALT early in development is
a great idea but doesn’t give as good an input to the calculator.
1. Capture HALT Product Operational Response
Limits.
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT Calculator
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 37 September 12, 2013
New End Use
Prod Spec
End Use
Guard Band, Spec & End UseGuard Band, Spec & End Use
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT Calculator
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 38 September 12, 2013
• The model has not been validated on
mechanical designs.
• The estimate is as good as the test
protocol used in HALT and other reliability
tests.
• HALT does not capture every possible
design defect, i.e., humidity related issues,
field operation beyond Guard Band limits,
some wear-out mechanisms, etc.
Limitations of the ModelLimitations of the Model
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT Calculator
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 39 September 12, 2013
Published
Spec, °C
Level Application Guard Band, °C
0 to +40 1 Consumer -30 to +80
0 to +50 2 Hi-end Consumer -30 to +100
-10 to +50 3 Hi Performance -40 to +110
-20 to +50 4 Critical
Application
-50 to +110
-25 to +65 5 Sheltered -50 to +110
-40 to +85 6 All Outdoor -65 to +110
Product Type & Guard BandProduct Type & Guard Band
Product Environment & LevelProduct Environment & Level
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT Calculator
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 40 September 12, 2013
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT Calculator
Actual Field Failure Rate Estimate - % of Failures/Year
Input Matrix
Calculated MTBF (in Hrs) = 100,000
Product Thermal (Hot in °C) = 110
Product Thermal (Cold in °C) = -80
Product Vibration (in Grms) = 25
Prod Published Spec Level (see below) = 2
Number of HALT Samples = 6
Field Duty Cycle (in Percentage) = 80
Confidence = 1
Steady State AFR, % (HALT Only) = 0.30
Steady State Field MTBF, Hrs (HALT Only) = 2,893,373
Lower % HALT Confidence Limit = 1,829,861
Upper % HALT Confidence Limit = 4,682,531
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 41 September 12, 2013
 Along with improvements in chamber technology,
there have been advances in the methodology as
well.
 Harry McLean’s HALT Calculator
 To determine “must meet” margins during the
HALT Plan
 To determine AFR after HALT
 Using FMEA to determine specific areas to test for
 Linking HALT to ALT
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
Use of FMEA
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 42 September 12, 2013
 IEC 60601 3rd
Edition mandates that you must
understand your product risks before you can
develop a test plan
 This is especially true of HALT
 Understanding risks will help determine
 What stresses to apply?
 What are the limits to technology?
 What test routines are needed to detect?
 Are there any prognostics that will indicate failures
before the test routines pick up a hard failure?
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
Use of FMEA
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 43 September 12, 2013
 Along with improvements in chamber technology,
there have been advances in the methodology as
well.
 Harry McLean’s HALT Calculator
 To determine “must meet” margins during the
HALT Plan
 To determine AFR after HALT
 Using FMEA to determine specific areas to test for
 Linking HALT to ALT
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT vs. ALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 44 September 12, 2013
 HALT cannot find all types of failures
 Mechanical wear failures
 Other long term degradations (UV, corrosion, etc)
 Failures due to process variations
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT vs. ALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 45 September 12, 2013
♦An Accelerated Life Test (ALT) is the
process of determining the reliability of a
product in a short period of time by
accelerating the use environment.
♦ALT is also good for finding dominant
failure mechanisms.
♦ALT is usually performed on individual
assemblies rather than full systems.
♦ALT is also frequently used when there is
a wear-out mechanism involved.
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT vs. ALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 46 September 12, 2013
Advantages of ALT
♦Instead of stepping up to failure, we
will pick a level that we know the
product will survive at (within relevant
failure area) and then run at this level
until failure.
♦This will characterize wear-out
mechanisms
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT vs. ALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 47 September 12, 2013
♦One key advantage of ALT over HALT is
when we need to know the life of the
product.
♦In HALT, we don’t concern ourselves with
this much because we are more
interested in making the product as
reliable as we can, and measuring the
amount of reliability is not as important.
♦However, with mechanical items that
wear over time, it is very important to
know the life of the product as accurately
as possible.
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT vs. ALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 48 September 12, 2013
Another advantage is that we often do not
need any environmental equipment.
Benchtop testing is often adequate.
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT vs. ALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 49 September 12, 2013
FAI LURE TESTI NG
HALT
OBJECTI VES
1. Root Cause Analysis
2. Corrective Action I dentification
3. Design Robustness Determination
TESTI NG REQUI REMENTS
1. Detailed Product Know ledge
2. Engineering Experience
ALT
OBJECTI VES
1. Reliability Evaluation (e.g. Failure Rates)
2. Dominant Failure Mechanisms I dentification
TESTI NG REQUI REMENTS
1. Detailed Parameters
(a) Test Length
(b) Number of Samples
(c) Confidence/ Accuracy
(d) Acceleration Factors
(e) Test Environment
2. Test Metrology & Fact ors
(a) 4:2:1Procedure Or Other
(b) Costs
ANALYTI CAL MODELS
1. Weibull Distribution
2. Arrhenius
3. Coffin-Manson
4. Norris-Lanzberg
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT vs. ALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 50 September 12, 2013
Cell Phone
Fan
Hard Drive
Infusion Pump
Medical
Cabinet
Robot
These pictures are samples of products we have tested.
These are not the actual products to protect the
proprietary nature of the products we test.
Automotive Electronics
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT vs. ALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 51 September 12, 2013
♦When wear-out is a dominant
failure mechanism, we must be
able to predict or characterize this
wear-out mechanism to assure
that it occurs outside customer
expectations and outside the
warranty period.
♦ALT is an excellent method for
doing this
NEW ADVANCES IN HALT
HALT vs. ALT - Summary
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 52 September 12, 2013
 1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT
 2) Basics of HALT
 3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability
 4) New advances in equipment
 5) What % of companies are doing HALT
 6) What lies in the future for HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 53 September 12, 2013
 What percentage of companies use the HALT
methodology?
 I estimate about 50% of all companies in the US
have some form of reliability program.
 I estimate about 50% of the companies that have
some form of reliability program are doing HALT.
 This is based on projects we have worked with in
the past 3 years (about 750 clients). Of course
there are numerous companies that have no
formal reliability program.
 This is up from 5% in 1995.
WHO IS USING HALT ?
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 54 September 12, 2013
 1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT
 2) Basics of HALT
 3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability
 4) New advances in equipment
 5) What % of companies are doing HALT
 6) What lies in the future for HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 55 September 12, 2013
 The number of companies performing HALT will
continue to rise as more labs obtain HALT equipment
 The need for more education will continue to increase
 Standards/guidance docs will gain more importance as
more companies and labs are doing HALT, many
incorrectly.
 Chambers will need to provide stresses in addition to
temperature and vibration to keep up with the physics
of the failures (especially due to smaller packages and
MEMs devices).
 Move away from people and move to process
 HALT as acronym will fade away
 Less HALT and more emphasis on DFR including
HALT
FUTURE OF HALT
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 56 September 12, 2013
CONCLUSION
 In this presentation
 we took you through 40 years of HALT
 showed you advances that have been made
 pointed out areas where improvements are
still needed
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 57 September 12, 2013
THANKS!
QUESTIONS?
ANY QUESTIONS?
ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte
40 Years of HALT: What Have We
Learned, Page 58 September 12, 2013
Mike Silverman
Ops A La Carte
Managing Partner
www.opsalacarte.com
mikes@opsalacarte.com
(408) 472-3889
Confidence in Reliability
CONTACT INFO

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Astr2013 tutorial by mike silverman of ops a la carte 40 years of halt, what have we learned

  • 1. 40 years of HALT: What Have We Learned? Mike Silverman ©2011 ASQ & Presentation Silverman Presented live on Sept 12th , 2013 http://reliabilitycalendar.org/webina rs/english/
  • 2. ASQ Reliability Division English Webinar Series One of the monthly webinars on topics of interest to reliability engineers. To view recorded webinar (available to ASQ Reliability Division members only) visit asq.org/reliability To sign up for the free, and available to anyone, live webinars visit reliabilitycalendar.org/webinars http://reliabilitycalendar.org/webina rs/english/
  • 3. Mike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 3 September 12, 2013ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San Diego Accelerated Stress Testing and Reliability Workshop October 9-11, 2013 San Diego, CA Accelerating Reliability into the 21st Century Keynote Presenter Day 1: Vice Admiral Walter Massenburg Keynote Presenter Day 2: Alain Bensoussan, Thales Avionics Accelerating Reliability into the 21st Century Keynote Presenter Day 1: Vice Admiral Walter Massenburg Keynote Presenter Day 2: Alain Bensoussan, Thales Avionics CALL FOR PRESENTATIONS: We are now Accepting Abstracts. Email to: don.gerstle@gmail.com. Guidelines on website www.ieee-astr.org For more details, click here to join our LinkedIn Group: IEEE/CPMT Workshop on Accelerated Stress Testing and Reliability
  • 4. Mike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 4 September 12, 2013ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San Diego This is the 4th of a series of four webinars being put on by Ops A La Carte, ASTR, and ASQ Reliability Division Each webinar will also be presented as a full 2 hour tutorial at our ASTR Workshop Oct 9-11th , San Diego. Abstracts for presentations are due Apr 30. www.ieee-astr.org
  • 5. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 5 September 12, 2013 ♦ Introduction 5 min ♦ Accelerated Reliability Growth Testing 45 min ♦ Questions 10 min Agenda
  • 6. Mike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 6 September 12, 2013ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San Diego 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned? By Mike Silverman, CRE Managing Partner Ops A La Carte mikes@opsalacarte.com www.opsalacarte.com
  • 7. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 7 September 12, 2013 INTRODUCTION  HALT began 40 years ago with a simple idea of testing beyond specifications in order to better understand design margins.  Over the past 40 years, thousands of engineers around the world have been exposed to the concepts of HALT and have tried the techniques. What have we learned in the past 40 Years?
  • 8. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 8 September 12, 2013 INTRODUCTION In this seminar, we will cover the following areas: 1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT 2) Basics of HALT 3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability 4) New advances in HALT methodology 5) What % of companies are doing HALT 6) What lies in the future for HALT
  • 9. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 9 September 12, 2013  1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT  2) Basics of HALT  3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability  4) New advances in equipment  5) What % of companies are doing HALT  6) What lies in the future for HALT
  • 10. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 10 September 12, 2013 WHAT IS HALT? HALT: Done to ruggedize the product and obtain large margins over the expected in-use conditions. Uses all stresses which can cause relevant failures. Stresses are not limited to field levels or stresses. - “Accelerated Reliability Engineering: HALT and HASS”, Gregg Hobbs
  • 11. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 11 September 12, 2013 WHAT IS HALT? HALT: A design technique used to discover product weaknesses and improve design margins. The intent is to systematically subject a product to stress stimuli well beyond the expected field environments in order to determine and expand the operating and destruct limits of your product. - 50 Ways to Improve Your Product Reliability, Mike Silverman
  • 12. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 12 September 12, 2013 WHAT IS HALT? What do these definitions have in common:  Greatly accelerated process  Develop margins between spec and performance  Not just measuring margins but improving margins  Separating relevant from non-relevant failures  Starts early in design  Stresses are not limited to field stresses  Stresses are not limited to temperature and vibration  Power on and effective detection/monitoring  Combined Environment  Baby swimming (make more robust to real life later)
  • 13. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 13 September 12, 2013 WHAT IS NOT HALT? What are some classic HALT misconceptions:  My product does not experience vibration so we can’t use it  The spec for this component is 70C so we can’t go above that in HALT  We can’t drill holes in the product because it will change the airflow  We must mount it in the same direction as it will be mounted in the field  We don’t need to go above the first failure point because that is what will fail first  Run to preset levels (remember this is not a pass/fail test)  Don’t stress beyond specifications  Only perform HALT at system level  Just perform HALT only when diags are fully ready
  • 14. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 14 September 12, 2013 WHAT IS NOT HALT? And a few more…  HALT is for electronic equipment only  We can’t separate out this assembly because it will change the thermal and vibration characteristics of the product  We shouldn’t defeat protection circuitry because the product will never experience higher than this stress.  Performing each individual stress is the same as combined stresses  A G is a G  15C per minute is a limit of the technology and my favorite…  you can only perform HALT in a HALT Chamber  What other ones can you think of ?
  • 15. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 15 September 12, 2013  1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT  2) Basics of HALT  3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability  4) New advances in equipment  5) What % of companies are doing HALT  6) What lies in the future for HALT
  • 16. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 16 September 12, 2013 Stress Start low and step up the stress, testing the product during the stressing BASICS OF HALT
  • 17. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 17 September 12, 2013 Failure Gradually increase stress level until a failure occurs Stress BASICS OF HALT
  • 18. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 18 September 12, 2013 © 2008 Ops A La Carte Stress Failure Analysis Analyze the failure BASICS OF HALT
  • 19. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 19 September 12, 2013 © 2008 Ops A La Carte Stress Failure Analysis Im proveMake temporary improvements BASICS OF HALT
  • 20. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 20 September 12, 2013 © 2008 Ops A La Carte Stress Failure Analysis Im prove (increase) Increase stress and start process over BASICS OF HALT
  • 21. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 21 September 12, 2013 © 2008 Ops A La Carte Stress Failure Analysis Im prove (increase)Fundamental Technological Limit BASICS OF HALT
  • 22. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 22 September 12, 2013 © 2008 Ops A La Carte Classic S-N Diagram (stress vs. number of cycles) N0 S0= Normal Stress conditions N0= Projected Normal Life S1 S2 N1N2 S0 BASICS OF HALT
  • 23. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 23 September 12, 2013 © 2008 Ops A La Carte Classic S-N Diagram (stress vs. number of cycles) N0 S0= Normal Stress conditions N0= Projected Normal Life S1 S2 N1N2 Point at which failures become non-relevant S0 BASICS OF HALT
  • 24. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 24 September 12, 2013 © 2008 Ops A La Carte Product Operational Specs Stress Upper Oper. Limit Upper Destruct Limit Lower Destruct Limit Lower Oper. Limit BASICS OF HALT
  • 25. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 25 September 12, 2013 © 2008 Ops A La Carte Product Operational Specs Stress Upper Oper. Limit Upper Destruct Limit Lower Destruct Limit Lower Oper. Limit This is what the product spec distribution really looks like BASICS OF HALT
  • 26. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 26 September 12, 2013 © 2008 Ops A La Carte Product Operational Specs Stress Upper Oper. Limit Upper Destruct Limit Lower Destruct Limit Lower Oper. Limit Operating Margin Destruct Margin BASICS OF HALT
  • 27. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 27 September 12, 2013  1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT  2) Basics of HALT  3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability  4) New advances in equipment  5) What % of companies are doing HALT  6) What lies in the future for HALT
  • 28. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 28 September 12, 2013 HALT vs. DFR  DfR is knowledge-based engineering wherein, starting with capture of requirements and leading to assured reliability, a reliability plan is designed and executed using the full skills and knowledge of the project team. The goal of DfR is to work smarter through knowledge-based tailoring of the reliability plan.  HALT is one of the tools used during a DFR program to help improve and then prove the product reliability goals. It is one of the most effective tools but is still just one of the reliability tools used.  This is often forgotten by engineers.
  • 29. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 29 September 12, 2013 HALT vs. DFR
  • 30. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 30 September 12, 2013 Goal Setting Assess- ment Bench- mark FTAFMEA Golden Nuggets Component Selection Predict- ions Thermal Analysis Derating Analysis POF DOE Tolerance Analysis Preventive Mainten. EOL Analysis Warranty Analysis Test Plan HALT RDT ALT HALT-AFR Calculator FEA Software Reliability RCA CLCA Vendor Assessmt HASS ORT OOBA Lessons Learned Warranty Returns Reliability Reporting Statistics EDA for Obsolesc Out- sourcing Metrics Reliability Plan CONCEPT PHASE DESIGN PHASE MANUFACTURING PHASE PROTOTYPE PHASE Gap Analysis Block Diagrams
  • 31. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 31 September 12, 2013  1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT  2) Basics of HALT  3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability  4) New advances in HALT methodology  5) What % of companies are doing HALT  6) What lies in the future for HALT
  • 32. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 32 September 12, 2013 NEW ADVANCES IN HALT  Along with improvements in chamber technology, there have been advances in the methodology as well.  Harry McLean’s HALT Calculator  To determine “Guard Band” Limits during the HALT Plan  To determine AFR after HALT  Using FMEA to determine specific areas to test for  Linking HALT to ALT  Using HALT for software/firmware issues
  • 33. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 33 September 12, 2013 There are three different approaches to this problem 1) Physics of Failure Drawback: Too many variables/Model becomes too complex 2) Weibull models/make general assumptions about acceleration factors or plotting best fit curves. Drawbacks: a) Acceleration factors incorrect/Cannot be generalized b) Existing models are for constant stress and not step stressing c) Not enough HALT failures for statistically significant data 3) Model using HALT and Field Data Drawback: requires a lot of data from many different types of products in many different industries to develop an accurate model. No one had access to this data…UNTIL NOW! NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT Calculator
  • 34. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 34 September 12, 2013 • It is a provisional patent Excel-based mathematical model that, when provided with the appropriate HALT and product information, will accurately estimate the product’s field AFR or Actual field Failure Rate. • Three acceleration models are used, linear, exponential, and quadratic. • The AFR Estimator has been validated on almost thirty products from diverse design environments and manufacturers. NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT Calculator
  • 35. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 35 September 12, 2013 Complete MTBF prediction 1. Use Telcordia, MIL-HDBK-217, or equivalent 2. Parts Count is acceptable 3. Ensure if you have a high failure rate item that you research and get supplier test/field data to replace handbook data. The calculator is very sensitive to single component weaknesses in HALT. Therefore, having prediction data for individual components. 4. If you don’t have access to MTBF Prediction, use default prediction value provided in model or use built in prediction estimator (model sensitivity to prediction is relatively low so a default value is acceptable). To Maximize Use of the ModelTo Maximize Use of the Model NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT Calculator
  • 36. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 36 September 12, 2013 Complete HALT using the following guidelines: 1. Sample size of at least three, preferably four units. Model can accommodate 1 to 6. Realize that HALT sample sizes of three or less will dramatically affect the ability to detect product defects and hence, the statistical confidence is likewise, impacted. 1. Perform HALT at each phase of Product Development Process to expand limits as much as possible. But use the results of your HALT later in product development when samples are more abundant. HALT early in development is a great idea but doesn’t give as good an input to the calculator. 1. Capture HALT Product Operational Response Limits. NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT Calculator
  • 37. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 37 September 12, 2013 New End Use Prod Spec End Use Guard Band, Spec & End UseGuard Band, Spec & End Use NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT Calculator
  • 38. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 38 September 12, 2013 • The model has not been validated on mechanical designs. • The estimate is as good as the test protocol used in HALT and other reliability tests. • HALT does not capture every possible design defect, i.e., humidity related issues, field operation beyond Guard Band limits, some wear-out mechanisms, etc. Limitations of the ModelLimitations of the Model NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT Calculator
  • 39. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 39 September 12, 2013 Published Spec, °C Level Application Guard Band, °C 0 to +40 1 Consumer -30 to +80 0 to +50 2 Hi-end Consumer -30 to +100 -10 to +50 3 Hi Performance -40 to +110 -20 to +50 4 Critical Application -50 to +110 -25 to +65 5 Sheltered -50 to +110 -40 to +85 6 All Outdoor -65 to +110 Product Type & Guard BandProduct Type & Guard Band Product Environment & LevelProduct Environment & Level NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT Calculator
  • 40. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 40 September 12, 2013 NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT Calculator Actual Field Failure Rate Estimate - % of Failures/Year Input Matrix Calculated MTBF (in Hrs) = 100,000 Product Thermal (Hot in °C) = 110 Product Thermal (Cold in °C) = -80 Product Vibration (in Grms) = 25 Prod Published Spec Level (see below) = 2 Number of HALT Samples = 6 Field Duty Cycle (in Percentage) = 80 Confidence = 1 Steady State AFR, % (HALT Only) = 0.30 Steady State Field MTBF, Hrs (HALT Only) = 2,893,373 Lower % HALT Confidence Limit = 1,829,861 Upper % HALT Confidence Limit = 4,682,531
  • 41. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 41 September 12, 2013  Along with improvements in chamber technology, there have been advances in the methodology as well.  Harry McLean’s HALT Calculator  To determine “must meet” margins during the HALT Plan  To determine AFR after HALT  Using FMEA to determine specific areas to test for  Linking HALT to ALT NEW ADVANCES IN HALT Use of FMEA
  • 42. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 42 September 12, 2013  IEC 60601 3rd Edition mandates that you must understand your product risks before you can develop a test plan  This is especially true of HALT  Understanding risks will help determine  What stresses to apply?  What are the limits to technology?  What test routines are needed to detect?  Are there any prognostics that will indicate failures before the test routines pick up a hard failure? NEW ADVANCES IN HALT Use of FMEA
  • 43. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 43 September 12, 2013  Along with improvements in chamber technology, there have been advances in the methodology as well.  Harry McLean’s HALT Calculator  To determine “must meet” margins during the HALT Plan  To determine AFR after HALT  Using FMEA to determine specific areas to test for  Linking HALT to ALT NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT vs. ALT
  • 44. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 44 September 12, 2013  HALT cannot find all types of failures  Mechanical wear failures  Other long term degradations (UV, corrosion, etc)  Failures due to process variations NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT vs. ALT
  • 45. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 45 September 12, 2013 ♦An Accelerated Life Test (ALT) is the process of determining the reliability of a product in a short period of time by accelerating the use environment. ♦ALT is also good for finding dominant failure mechanisms. ♦ALT is usually performed on individual assemblies rather than full systems. ♦ALT is also frequently used when there is a wear-out mechanism involved. NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT vs. ALT
  • 46. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 46 September 12, 2013 Advantages of ALT ♦Instead of stepping up to failure, we will pick a level that we know the product will survive at (within relevant failure area) and then run at this level until failure. ♦This will characterize wear-out mechanisms NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT vs. ALT
  • 47. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 47 September 12, 2013 ♦One key advantage of ALT over HALT is when we need to know the life of the product. ♦In HALT, we don’t concern ourselves with this much because we are more interested in making the product as reliable as we can, and measuring the amount of reliability is not as important. ♦However, with mechanical items that wear over time, it is very important to know the life of the product as accurately as possible. NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT vs. ALT
  • 48. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 48 September 12, 2013 Another advantage is that we often do not need any environmental equipment. Benchtop testing is often adequate. NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT vs. ALT
  • 49. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 49 September 12, 2013 FAI LURE TESTI NG HALT OBJECTI VES 1. Root Cause Analysis 2. Corrective Action I dentification 3. Design Robustness Determination TESTI NG REQUI REMENTS 1. Detailed Product Know ledge 2. Engineering Experience ALT OBJECTI VES 1. Reliability Evaluation (e.g. Failure Rates) 2. Dominant Failure Mechanisms I dentification TESTI NG REQUI REMENTS 1. Detailed Parameters (a) Test Length (b) Number of Samples (c) Confidence/ Accuracy (d) Acceleration Factors (e) Test Environment 2. Test Metrology & Fact ors (a) 4:2:1Procedure Or Other (b) Costs ANALYTI CAL MODELS 1. Weibull Distribution 2. Arrhenius 3. Coffin-Manson 4. Norris-Lanzberg NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT vs. ALT
  • 50. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 50 September 12, 2013 Cell Phone Fan Hard Drive Infusion Pump Medical Cabinet Robot These pictures are samples of products we have tested. These are not the actual products to protect the proprietary nature of the products we test. Automotive Electronics NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT vs. ALT
  • 51. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 51 September 12, 2013 ♦When wear-out is a dominant failure mechanism, we must be able to predict or characterize this wear-out mechanism to assure that it occurs outside customer expectations and outside the warranty period. ♦ALT is an excellent method for doing this NEW ADVANCES IN HALT HALT vs. ALT - Summary
  • 52. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 52 September 12, 2013  1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT  2) Basics of HALT  3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability  4) New advances in equipment  5) What % of companies are doing HALT  6) What lies in the future for HALT
  • 53. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 53 September 12, 2013  What percentage of companies use the HALT methodology?  I estimate about 50% of all companies in the US have some form of reliability program.  I estimate about 50% of the companies that have some form of reliability program are doing HALT.  This is based on projects we have worked with in the past 3 years (about 750 clients). Of course there are numerous companies that have no formal reliability program.  This is up from 5% in 1995. WHO IS USING HALT ?
  • 54. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 54 September 12, 2013  1) What is HALT and What is Not HALT  2) Basics of HALT  3) Links between HALT and Design for Reliability  4) New advances in equipment  5) What % of companies are doing HALT  6) What lies in the future for HALT
  • 55. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 55 September 12, 2013  The number of companies performing HALT will continue to rise as more labs obtain HALT equipment  The need for more education will continue to increase  Standards/guidance docs will gain more importance as more companies and labs are doing HALT, many incorrectly.  Chambers will need to provide stresses in addition to temperature and vibration to keep up with the physics of the failures (especially due to smaller packages and MEMs devices).  Move away from people and move to process  HALT as acronym will fade away  Less HALT and more emphasis on DFR including HALT FUTURE OF HALT
  • 56. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 56 September 12, 2013 CONCLUSION  In this presentation  we took you through 40 years of HALT  showed you advances that have been made  pointed out areas where improvements are still needed
  • 57. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 57 September 12, 2013 THANKS! QUESTIONS? ANY QUESTIONS?
  • 58. ASTR 2013 Oct 9-11, San DiegoMike Silverman, Ops A La Carte 40 Years of HALT: What Have We Learned, Page 58 September 12, 2013 Mike Silverman Ops A La Carte Managing Partner www.opsalacarte.com mikes@opsalacarte.com (408) 472-3889 Confidence in Reliability CONTACT INFO

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