This document discusses vital statistics which are numerical records used to study health and growth in communities. It defines various vital events like birth rate, death rate, and sickness rate. It then explains the importance of vital statistics in describing community health, developing health policies, and planning disease control measures. Various sources of vital information are provided like census, registration of events, and hospital/health records. Key vital events like maternal mortality, infant mortality, fertility rates are defined. Formulas for calculating various rates are also presented.

1. VITAL STATISTICS
PRESENTED BY
ABHILASHA VERMA
LECTURER
JHALAWAR NURSING COLLEGE

2. INTRODUCTION
• Vital statistics is a the study of numerical records of the
vital events by which the health and growth of
community may be studied.
For ex. Birth rate, death rate, sickness rate
• The process of maintaining vital statistics is a purposeful
mechanism of collecting, processing, analyzing and
transmitting the information required for organizing and
operating health services and also for research and
training

3. IMPORTANCE
 To describe the level of community health.
 Diagnose community illness and solution of health
problems.
 To determine success or failure of specific health problems.
 To promote health legislation at local and national level.
 To develop policies and procedure at state and center level.
 To evaluate impact of various national health program.
 To plan for better future measures of disease control.
 To explain hereditary nature of disease.
 To evaluate economic and social development.
 It is primary tool of research activity

4. SOURCES OF VITAL INFORMATION
Epidemiological census and Surveillance
Registration of vital events.
Hospital records.
Health service records.
Notification of disease.
Disease register surveys.
Record linkage.

5. VITAL EVENTS
1. Maternal Mortality Rate and Morbidity Rate
2. Infant Mortality ,Morbidity Rate
3. Fertility Rate
4. Birth rate
5. Still birth rate
6. Perinatal Mortality ,Morbidity Rate
7. Neonatal Mortality , Morbidity Rate
8. Post Neonatal Mortality , Morbidity Rate
9. Sex ratio

6. MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE
• The maternal mortality ratio is defined as the direct and indirect maternal
deaths per 100,000 live births.
Direct Maternal Death Rate-
• Death from complications of pregnancy, delivery, or the
puerperium period.
• Most commonly caused by hemorrhage, hypertensive
disorders, and sepsis.
Indirect Maternal Death Rate-
• It represent underlying medical conditions aggravated, but
not caused by, the pregnancy, including complications from
connective-tissue disease or cardiac conditions.
• The underlying pathology is independent of the pregnancy,
but it was likely to have been exacerbated by
pathophysiologic changes of pregnancy.

7. PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF MMR AND
MATERNAL MORBIDITY RATE
• Early registration of pregnancy.
• At least 3 antenatal check ups .
• Dietary supplementation including correct anemia.
• Clean and aseptic delivery practices .
• Prevention of complications Eg. Preeclampsia and
malpresentation etc.
• Prevention of infection and hemorrhage.
• Treatment of medical conditions.
• Institutional deliveries for womans .
• Promotion of family planning.
• Identification of every maternal death and search its cause.

8. Nonmaternal Death Rate-
This rate measures only deaths of pregnant or
postpartum women that were neither caused, nor
aggravated by, the pregnancy. Examples of this
would be deaths secondary to motor vehicle ,
accidents or homicides.
MATERNAL MORBIDITY RATE
Any physical or mental illness or disability directly
related to pregnancy and or child birth is not
necessary for life threatening.

9. Infant mortality rates are calculated as the number of infants
who die prior to their first birthday per 1,000 live births.
CAUSES-
 Biological factors- Birth weight, age of mother, birth spacing,
birth order, multiple birth, family size, high fertility.
 Economical factors
 Socio cultural factors- breast feeding, religion and caste,
early marriage, sex of child, maternal education, quality of
health care and mother care, broken families.
 Infant mortality Rate (IMR)
No. of Infant deaths during the year X 1000
No. of live births during the year
INFANT MORTALITY RATE

10. The fertility rate is the number of live births per 1,000 women
aged 15-44 years. This calculation is an attempt to measure
the rate at which women of reproductive age are successfully
reproducing.
No. of live Births during the year X 1000
Mid year female population in the age group of (15-44)
FERTILITY RATE

11. The number of births per 1,000 population. This is a
gross measure of a population's growth.
No. of live Births during the year X 1000
Mid year population
BIRTH RATE

12. • A stillbirth is defined as a delivery at or greater than 20 weeks'
gestation or a weight greater than or equal to 350 grams if the
gestational age is not known , in which the infant displays no
sign of life as indicated by the absence of breathing, heart
beats, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movements
of voluntary muscles.
 Still Birth rate (SBR)
No. of Still Births during the year X 1000
No. of live births + No. of still births during the year
STILL BIRTH RATE

13. NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE
 Low birth weight
 Prematurity
 Birth injury and difficult labor
Neo- Natal Mortality Rate (NM Rate)
No. of infant deaths less than 29 days during the year X 1000
No. of live births during the year

14. SEX RATIO
Number of females upon no of males per
1000 population is known as sex ratio.
No. of Females X 1000
No. of males

15. FORMULAS
 Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)
No. of Maternal deaths during the year X 100,000
No. of live births during the year
 Birth Rate
No. of live Births during the year X 1000
Mid year population
 Death Rate
No. of Deaths during the year X 1000
Mid year population
 Infant mortality Rate (IMR)
No. of Infant deaths during the year X 1000
No. of live births during the year

16.  Still Birth rate (SBR)
No. of Still Births during the year X 1000
No. of live births + No. of still births during the year
 General fertility Rate (GF Rate)
No. of live Births during the year X 1000
Mid year female population in the age group of (15-44)
 Early Neo- Natal mortality Rate (ENMR)
No. of infant deaths less than 7 days during the year X 1000
No. of live births during the year
 Neo- Natal Mortality Rate (NM Rate)
No. of infant deaths less than 29 days during the year X 1000
No. of live births during the year

17. Post Natal mortality Rate (PNM Rate)
No. of deaths of 29 days - 1 year X 1000
No. of live births during the year
Sex Ratio at Birth (male female)
No. of Females X 1000
No. of males
Age specific Death Rate
No. of Deaths in a particular age group X 1000
Mid year population of same age group

18. THANK YOU