2. HISTORY
The discovery of tin lead to the
establishment of Kuala Lumpur
with Gombak and Klang rivers as
a point of confluence.
British representative Frank
Swettenham develops the first
city plan which modernises
Kuala Lumpur as a whole at that
time.
Entering the 20th century with a
boom in the rubber industry
increases quality of life and the
local population starts to grow..
The historic year in which
Malaysia celebrates its
independence from British rule
after 151 years, on the 31st of
August.
The year where Kuala Lumpur
officially becomes a federal
territory with its own
administration.
Kuala Lumpur celebrates its 60th
year as capital for an
independent country with many
advances in technology and
innovation.
1857 1880 1900 1957 1974 2017
3. MORPHOLOGY
1895
The River
- The discovery of tin at the confluence of Gombak and
Klang river
- Acts as a mode of transportation
- Acts as an edge separating three sections, the British,
Chinese and Malay sections.
The Connections
- About fifteen miles south of Kuala Lumpur construction
of roads started and road systems were introduced
- However, the road would later be replaced by a railway
track
The Land
- The town developed in an organic manner and built
forms were more concentrated along the roads and river
- Due to the street crossing over, it also caused
irregularities in the development.
4. MORPHOLOGY
1962
The River
- The city started to develop away from the river
- The river banks were raised in a response to avoid floods
The Connections
- The 19th century saw the introduction of motor vehicles
- Road and railway tracks completely took over the role of
main transport system from the river
The Land
- The lots were combined and merged to construct bigger
masses and forms
5. MORPHOLOGY
2016
The River
- The river banks were concreted which transformed the
form of a more natural and organic look to a more
man-made look, resembling a monsoon drain
The Connections
- The Light Rail Transit (LRT) was introduced and most of
the tracks were constructed along the river
The Land
- The town still kept an organic pattern but is now more
organised with improved town planning
- A more grid like pattern is concentrated on the east side
of the river whereas the west side of the river were more
bigger and stand alone built forms
6. SURROUNDING ARCHITECTURE Dayabumi Complex
Modern Islamic Architecture
- Designed to blend with its context
- Facade possesses repeated Lancet Arches
- Rectilinear in form
- Eight pointed star from Islamic motif used as its form
7. SURROUNDING ARCHITECTURE Sultan Abd Samad Building
Neo - Moorish Architecture
- Constructed entirely out of brick
- Facade possesses the repetition of Lancet Arches
- Copper domes act as a stand out feature along with its tall clock
tower
8. SURROUNDING ARCHITECTURE Textile Museum
Moghul Architecture
- Possesses all round alternations of red and white brick
- Several domes act as a feature
10. SITE
KLANG RIVER
COURSE GRAIN
FINE GRAIN
LEGEND
The Klang River
The river acts as an edge as it
divides two very distinct areas.
West of the river is more
institutional structures with bigger
built forms and are more stand
alone, whereas East of the river is
a mainly commercial area and has
more clustered shophouses.
EDGES
14. ACCESSIBILITY Public transport to site
Masjid Jamek LRT Station
650m
Pasar Seni LRT Station
700m
Kuala Lumpur KTM Station
800m
15. Dataran Merdeka Underground Car Park
400m
Central Market Car Park
250m
City Parking Car Park
650m
ACCESSIBILITY Car Parks to site
16. Medan Pasar Clock Tower
400m
Petaling Street
550m
Central Market
250m
Dataran Merdeka
400m
Dayabumi Complex
100m
Masjid Negara
850m
ACCESSIBILITY Landmarks to site
17. NODES Tourist
Sultan Abdul Samad Building
Dataran Merdeka
Kuala Lumpur City Gallery
Masjid Jamek
Textile Museum
Central Market
Sri Mahamariamman Temple
21. SITE ISSUES Unappreciated History
HISTORICAL SITES
LEGEND
- The site has many historical
sites around it however, they
are mostly demoted down to
mere sight-seeing spots
- There is a lack of exposure to
what these historical
buildings actually mean in
the eyes of the public
- Lack of hands- on experience
and learning of what these
historical sites are
22. SITE ISSUES Ineffective Public Spaces
PUBLIC SPACES
LEGEND
- Public spaces are present
around the site on a macro
level but are not brought to
their full potential
- These existing public spaces
are unrefined and do not
have proper shading
- Several walkways for
pedestrians also suffer from
not getting sufficient shade
from the hot Malaysian
weather
23. SITE ISSUES Road Conditions
OCCASIONALLY BLOCKED
ROAD
LEGEND
- The road system in the site
can be somewhat hectic
- Traffic often gets congested
due to the closing of roads
during weekends and special
occasions
- This further leads to drivers
doing risky maneuvers such
as illegal turns which only
clogs up the traffic even more
- A fair amount of famous and
historical sites also cause
many tourist buses to arrive
and stop by the road taking
up space and clogging up
the traffic around the site
24. SWOT ANALYSIS Strengths
Preserved Heritage
Local authorities have
successfully maintained the
heritage buildings which
allows the site to have a firm
grip on rich history which
can attract people
Linking the Two Districts
With the river as an edge,
one would think it would
separate the two districts.
However, in this site there
are bridges that connect
the districts which allows
people from the commercial
side to come over
Accessibility
There are many public
transport stations across
the site on the macro level
easing people into the site
Dual Frontage on Site
The site itself has two sides
one facing a main road
while the other facing the
river which gives a lot of
breathing room for design
25. SWOT ANALYSIS Weaknesses and Threats
Ineffective Public Spaces
Lack of public spaces that
are not used merely for
occasional gatherings but
can also be used casually
and comfortably by the
public
Congestion of Traffic
With occasional blocked
roads and many tourist
attractions, roads often get
congested by traffic
Major Differences in Districts
The separation of districts
may be a negative aspect as
on one side it is more local
while the other is big massive
buildings and is generally
more touristy which could
chase away people from the
Central Market side to cross
over to the site
26. SWOT ANALYSIS Opportunities
Culturally and Historically Rich
The presence of
underappreciated historical
sites may be an opportunity to
get people to start caring and
paying attention to these
buildings instead of just taking
photos and then leave.
The River of Life
With government plans on
improving the river, for
instance, the plan of making
the river a boat route and a
checkpoint right in front of the
site, this gives the cultural
centre to reconnect to the
river and possibly bridge the
gap between the districts in a
more effective way.
Effective Public Realm
The lack of effective public
spaces makes for an
opportunity for the cultural
centre to be the epicentre for
public gathering on the site
27. DESIGN INTENTIONS
BOAT TERMINAL
With government plans to
add a boat checkpoint right
behind the site, a boat
terminal which directly
connects to the cultural
centre could reconnect the
site back to the river of life.
Not only will it be a design
feature and is additional
accessibility but also
reduces the need to get to
site by car.
ARTS AND CRAFT
Education through arts and
craft is an effective way of
getting the modern day
generation to appreciate
Malaysian culture as a
whole. Performing stage,
workshops and classes are
some examples that can
help educate. In addition
costs for these education
can be used to make a self
sustaining centre.
28. DESIGN INTENTIONS
FOOD CULTURE
Arguably the biggest
attraction Malaysia
possesses is food. From the
culturally rich cuisine to
kopitiam culture, food is a
topic that should definitely
be considered. In this case,
maybe a cafe or kopitiam
for public to gather and
also give the institutional
workers a place to grub or
even cooking classes to
educate and with Central
Market a stone’s throw away,
ingredients are just across a
river.
PUBLIC REALM
Openness, greenery,
spaciousness, all these
things are desires one can
have when on site. This gives
the cultural centre the
chance to capitalise and
provide the public space
that the people need. A
space open enough for kids
to roam and let their
imagination run wild and
for adults to ponder, reflect,
or simply have a break from
the hustle and bustle of the
city, especially for the
institutional workers nearby.
30. This cultural centre has two main spaces, the library and the auditorium and in between, an open agora connecting the two.
In addition all three of these spaces face a body of water which could be taken as inspiration as the architect opens up the
agora towards the riverbank for direct interaction with water.
Ground floor plan
shows the
separation of the
main spaces
(auditorium on the
left, library on the
right) with the open
agora in between.
This spatial
arrangement would
suit a more
educational and
performing arts
focused programme.
The section highlights the execution of the
auditorium which can be applied. The
auditorium extends to basement level and for
the project this could be in tandem with the
basement parking to maximise usage of the
basement level.
31. NIIGATA CITY KONAN WARD CULTURAL CENTER NIIGATA, JAPAN
BY CHIAKI ARAI URBAN AND ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
32. This cultural centre is shows more complexity compared to the first precedent. Instead of two main spaces, this centre has
four zones, which are theatre, library, community centre and museum with a corridor called Cross Street connecting these
zones.
Ground floor plan
shows four zones
which in its
complexity could fit a
more hybrid
programme list. In
addition with the
Cross Street design,
allows for visitors to
easily navigate
throughout the
centre and easily
identify the
individual zones.
The section highlights theatre which is the
biggest space and in turn affects the form of
the building. This difference in scale allows for
easy navigation by visitors. Fissures and
irregularities on the walls also help in acoustics
and lighting.