1. 1. How a teacher should teach science considering the learners?
Teaching science to preschoolers need enough knowledge and
expertise. It is important that teachers should always aim to nurture
the child in all aspects. Teacher should always consider children’s
natural sense of curiosity, mental capacity and individual differences.
During preschooler stage, children mostly learn by imitating. They
primarily learn and experience thing around them by the use of their
senses. Their brain is not yet prepared to handle task that require them
to sit and focus their attention on every word you tell them. For this
reason, it is important to focus science lessons about things that they
can see, hear, touch, taste, and smell. In this way, they continually
discover all sorts of new and different things about the world around
them, how things work, about themselves and others. Experts say that
merely telling a young child "this is how it works..." has the effect of
dampening his curiosity and initiative. The lessons and activities in my
class is designed to enhance children’s hands-on experience. I believe it
is easier for children to learn things if it is familiar to them. At present,
in my teaching experience in public schools, teaching science is
integrated with other subjects. I have read an article in the internet
about “Learning Path” by Rochel Gelman.
2. Cognitive psychologist Rochel Gelman argues that teachers should
choose preschool science activities that feed into pre-existing “learning
paths.” Some of these learning path includes: cause and effect
sequences pertaining to everyday objects (e.g., popsicles melt in the
sun), structure and function (like the relationship between the shape of
an animal’s teeth and its diet), variation and classification--the idea that
different objects or organisms have distinct properties (e.g., “mammals
have fur; birds have feathers”) -Gelman et al 1980. I think it beneficial
for teachers to use common examples that often experienced by
children in their daily life. There will be greater chances of
comprehension. I also applied Gelman’s idea on preparing lessons and
activity by considering children’s interest, age appropriateness of the
subject matter, familiarity, and connection of the lesson
3. Lesson Plan
I- Objective:
Name the different kinds of taste
Identify food by their taste
Appreciate our tongue
II- Subject Matter:
A. My Tongue
B. References: Transformative Science Learning
C. Materials:
Pictures, real foods, visual aid
Value Focus: Learning to appreciate
III- A. Preparatory Activity:
a. First Day
1. Review: Board work
Direction: Recognized the Good or Bad Smell
Draw a line to connect the pictures to GOOD SMELL
or BAD SMELL.
GOOD SMELL BAD SMELL
4. 2. Motivation
Teach the children a poem about the Little Tongue
Little Tongue
If sweet-sweet candy,
Had no taste,
That would be a total waste!
Chocolate milk,
That tastes like water?
Won't be found,
On my order!
Pizza pies,
That taste like air?
That's not right,
That's not fair!
That won’t happen,
That I know,
'Cause tongue's the one,
In the show...
5. Tongue knows sour,
Bitter, sweet,
Tongue's taste buds,
Can’t be beat...
My tongue,
The organ,
Gives me taste,
Without it,
Foods,
Would be a waste!
B. Development of the Lesson:
1. Presentation
This is my tongue.
I use it for tasting.
The tongue helps us to taste the food we eat
Foods have different taste.
8. b. Second Day Activity
1. Cooking Session
Direction: Group the children into four. Group 1 will make
muffin frosting, Group 2 will make egg sandwich. Group 3
will make ampalaya salad, and Group 4 will make
pineapple shake.
Group 1
Muffin Frosting
Ingredients:
Egg white
Sugar
Sprinkle
Candies
Muffins
Procedure:
Beat sugar and egg white to make an icing.
Decorate the icing on the top of muffin
Put sprinkle candies, and chocolates.
9. Group 2:
Egg sandwich
Ingredients:
Fried scrambled eggs
Salt and pepper to taste
Loaf bread.
Procedure:
Spread the fried egg on the loaf bread
Group 3
Ampalaya – Pineapple Salad
Ingredients:
2 medium-sized ampalaya
1 small sweet pineapple, or 1 439g can of pineapple
tidbits in sweet syrup salt to taste.
10. 1. Slice the ampalaya lengthwise and remove the pithy
part with the seeds.
2. Now slice the ampalaya crosswise. Squeeze to
remove some of the bitterness. Sprinkle with ½
teaspoon of salt and squeeze again.
3. Slice the pineapple into bite-sized.
4. Mix ampalaya and pineapple tidbits in a bowl. Add
dash of salt and pepper to taste.
Group 4
Pineapple shake
Ingredients.
(20 ounce can Dole crushed Pineapple, undrained)
1pint vanilla ice cream or frozen yogurt
1 cup milk
11. Procedure:
Using a blender shake all the ingredients.
2. Food Tasting Activity
Let the pupils taste all the food they prepared and ask
them the taste of each dish.
c. Third Day Activity
1. Tongue Song
Tongue tongue taste the way
Tongue tongue tell me more
Slippery lippery tongue in my jaw
Telling me stories and tasting it all
Wiggly squiggly slippery one how I love my only tongue!
Talking and tasting are good to do
One goes out and one goes in
Words give life and food does too
Words are the food my brain likes to chew
Food is the stuff my jaw likes too
Tongue in the middle showing me the way
Wiggly squiggly slippery one how I love my only tongue!
2.Play Time
Form groups of five members. Each group will be
assigned to complete 10 food that belong to sweet, sour,
salty or bitter taste. The group will compete in finishing the
task in shortest time with the correct food pasted on the
board.
12. IV- Evaluation
A. Trace the lines below to form a tongue. Color the pictures
according to its taste. Refer from Taste Parts of Tongue.
Name __________________________
A.
B. Recognizing Food and Their Taste
Color red the sweet foods
Color yellow the sour foods
Color green the salty foods
Color blue the bitter foods
Cakes ampalaya lemon pineapple
Candy coffee salt burger
13. V. Assignment:
Thank you, Lord, for my tongue. My tongue help me talk, It help
me taste food.
I promise to use my tongue properly by eating the right food.
Paste picture of the food you have eaten that has the given food.
Sweet Sour
Salty Bitter
14. 3. How important music in teaching science?
Music is known to affect our feelings and energy level
(Brewer, 1995). It affects children and even adults. Humans can easily
appreciate music because music is all about life. It creates wonderful
thoughts and happy mode specially singing happy songs that we usually
do in class. For me, the main purpose of music in teaching science just
like other subjects is to gain attention of the pupils and at same time
add energy to the children. Some children are also motivated with
songs. They can easily memorize and understand the lesson we want
them to learn. By simply letting them sing songs that is related to the
topic, they can be motivated. It is also a better way to catch children
children’s attention and make them interested. I also agree with
Brewer when he said that music can prompt memories and enhance
brain activity and stimulate the mind.
15. Brain Based Lesson Plan
I - Learning objective:
Identify the different kinds of animals
Classify the animals according to its kind
Appreciate the different kinds of animals
II - Subject Matter:
A. Kinds of animals
B. References: Transformative science learning.
C. Materials: pictures, art materials, visual aid
D. Value Focus: Love for animals
III – Preparatory Activity:
A. Procedure:
1. Review:
Direction: Recognize proper care of the plants. Which of the
following pictures show the proper care for plants. Pick the picture and
show it to your classmates
16. 2. Motivation:
Sing a song together with the children that describes the different
kind of animals.
Old MacDonald Had a Farm
Traditional preschool song
Old MacDonald had a farm
E I E I O
And on that farm there were some ducks
E I E I O
With a quack-quack here
And a quack -quack there
Here a quack, there a quack
Everywhere a quack-quack
Old MacDonald had a farm
E I E I O
17. 3. Development of the lesson.
a. Presentation
Animals help us in many ways. We can consider
them our friend and companion.
1. These are pet animals. These animals are
tamed.
These are farm animals. They help the people in the farm.
18. These are zoo animals. They are kept in the zoo for us to
see and appreciate
19. 2. Following the Maze!
Help the farmer look for the farm animals. Trace the path that
will lead her to each animal.
20. 3. Puppet Making
Materials: art paper, paper plate, pencil, buko sticks, and colored
papers.
Direction:
First, gather your supplies. You'll need a paper plate, two googly
eyes, yellow cardstock, orange cardstock, glue, a yellow crayon, and a
scissor.
1. Fold paper plate in half and color it yellow.
2) Trace your hand onto an orange piece of cardstock, and cut it out.
3) Cut out a circle (head) from yellow cardstock, a triangle (beak) from
21. orange cardstock, and two duck feet from orange cardstock.
4) Glue two googly eyes and the beak onto the head. Then, glue the
head and two feet onto the paper plate.
4. Recognizing proper care of animals!
22. Which of the following pictures show proper care for animals?
Color them.
Thank you, Lord, for the animals
They help me in many ways
I will take good care of them
Because you love them just like you love me.
23. IV. Evaluation:
Check the animals that does not belong to the group.
Zoo animals
Pet animals
Farm animals
24. IV – Assignment :
Take a picture of your pet animals at home. Show it to
your classmates and share stories on how important your pet
on your family.
PSED 2 – THEORY OF ALBERT BANDURA
As an educator, I became a follower of Albert Bandura. In many
generations, his concept becomes the basis for many educators in
understanding the leaners and improving methods of teaching. He
proposed the Social Learning theory and believed that children can
learn new information and behaviors by watching other people. Known
as observational learning (or modeling), this type of learning can be
used to explain a wide variety of behaviors. The Social Learning theory
is recognized because of its huge contribution in the field of Education
in search for the best ways of teaching and understanding the basic
concept of teaching and learning processes. According to Kendra
Cherry, there are three core concepts at the heart of social learning
theory. First is the idea that people can learn through observation. Next
is the idea that internal mental states are an essential part of this
process. Finally, this theory recognizes that just because something has
been learned, it does not mean that it will result in a change in
behavior. These concepts become the basis of my teaching towards
understanding my learners and guide me at the same time in teaching
my preschool class. It is a common knowledge that children whose ages
4 to 5 years old mostly learn through observational leaning. Children
learn and imitate behaviors they observed in other people. Bandura
identified three basic models of observational learning which I believed
will benefit teachers in the sense of creating a classroom that serves as
a role model. This may sound like impossible but the greater effort we
25. exert towards accomplishing our role, the bigger chance that we can
improve professionally. In my classroom I value the idea that teacher as
well as the environment must serve as a model that will facilitate
learning. I see to it that everything in my classroom that includes the
decorations hanging on the wall, signs and pictures, orderliness and
cleanliness, tasks and routines must be able to set a mode of
instruction that will facilitate learning. Modeled behavior and proper
setting of environment serve as an important factor that will
strengthen or weaken the learner's existing restraints against the
performance of a modeled behavior. The more you have a positive the
modeled behavior, the better transmission of desirable knowledge it
gives to the pupils. Eventually, It demonstrates new patterns of
behavior.
I also dedicate myself in my profession aiming to constantly play as a
role model inside my class. I set my mind to possess greater wisdom in
imparting concrete knowledge, proper action and outstanding behavior
that will be observed and perhaps be imitated by my pupils.
Considering one of the popular experiments of Albert Bandura about a
Bobo doll, tendencies of improper behaviors being observed by
children can be imitated just like being violent and aggressive. Meaning,
greater possibility that modeled behaviors of teachers serves as cues to
initiate similar behaviors. It only shows how the role of a teacher must
played with proper understanding and dedication. My idea on setting
my classroom and my ways to prepare myself and the teaching
methods I used are derived from the Bandura’s identified three basic
models of observational learning: A live model, which involves an actual
individual demonstrating or acting a behavior, A verbal instructional
model, which involves descriptions and explanations of a behavior. A
symbolic model, which involves real or fictional characters displaying
behaviors in books, classroom decorations, simple instructions posted
in the wall, and film showing sessions.
I agree with Kendra Cherry when she stated that not all observed
behaviors are effectively learned. Factors involving both the model and
the learner can play a role on whether social learning is successful. I can
26. also see the importance of the modeling process and use it as a guide in
my teaching. It involves attention, retention, reproduction and
motivation. I definitely believed that attention of the pupils play a huge
impact towards learning. Getting the attention of the learners is my
first goal when it comes to teaching preschoolers. It requires greater
effort presenting colorful instructional materials and I as a teacher
portraying different character according to the lesson I am presenting,
portraying different role everyday as I read stories to my pupils. It
requires energy, flexibility and versatility. It is a task of a teacher to
build connection and encourage attention to the pupils. Ways on how
the observed behavior will be retained is another task. I usually deal
with it by giving constant review and simple application of the learned
behavior or lessons. Application then becomes the reproduction as the
children do the activity I assigned. Motivation comes at times when
pupil do or does not do the required task or assignment. My guidance
usually comes depending on the consequences of my pupil’s action. It
involves reinforcement and punishment. Example is giving more stars
to those who did their work neatly and encourage the others to do
better on the next activities. For me, every good work must be
recognized and the mistakes need follow up and more guidance.
