1. Free Powerpoint Templates
“ELECTRONIC
EYE”: A Ray of
Vision For the
Blind…
Presented by:
Biswa Bandini Aastha Khamari
Aiswarya Lakshmi Khilar
Roll No.: 12EEE052
12EEE053
(Current Research and Future Prospects)

2. CONTENTS:-
 WHAT IS ELECTRONIC EYE ?
 BLINDNESS
 TECHNIQUES FOR ELECTRONIC
EYE
 MARC
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION

3.  WHAT IS ELECTRONIC OR BIONIC
EYE?
 ELECTRONIC OR BIONIC EYE REFERS TO
BIOELECTRONIC EYE.
 THE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WHICH
REPLACES FUNCTIONALITY OF A PART
OR WHOLE OF THE EYE.

4. BLINDNESS
 BLINDNESS MEANS LOSS OF VISION.
 A COMPLETELY BLIND INDIVISUAL UNABLE TO SEE
ANYTHING EVEN WITH THE USE OF EYE GLASSES ,
CONTACT LENSES , MEDICINE OR SURGERY.
 8O% OF BLINDNESS OCCURS IN PEOPLE OVER 50
YEARS OLD.
 COMMON CAUSES :- MACULAR DEGENERATION ,
TRAUMATIC INJURIES , GLAUCOMA etc.
 LESS COMMON CAUSES :- VIT-A DEFICIENCY ,
RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA , RETINOPATHY OF
PREMATURITY etc.

5. TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED IN BIONIC EYE :-
 MIT – HARVARD DEVICE
 ASR(ARTIFICIAL SILICON RETINA)
 MARC(MULTI UNIT ARTIFICIAL
RETINA CHIPSET SYSYEM)
 ARGUS II
 HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY

6. MIT-Harvard device
 Epi-Retinal Approach
 Microelectrode array replaces damaged photoreceptors
 Image Acquisition - Using CCD Camera
 Patient spectacle holds the camera and power source

7.  Epiretinal Approach involves a
semiconductor based device positioned
on the surface of the retina to try to simulate
the remaining overlying cells of the retina.
 Subretinal Approach involves
implanting the ASR chip behind the
retina to simulate the remaining
viable cells.
ASR (ARTIFICIAL SILICON RETINA)

8. ARGUS II
 The Argus II epiretinal
prosthesis system allows
letter and word reading
and long-term function
in patients with profound
vision loss.
 Test I: letter identification
 Test II: letter size reduction
 Test III: word recognition

9. HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY
 Computer-generated holography,
could be used in conjunction with a
technique called optogenetics,
which uses gene therapy to deliver
light-sensitive proteins to damaged
retinal nerve cells.
 “The basic idea of optogenetics is to
take a light-sensitive protein from
another organism, typically from
algae or bacteria, and insert it into a
target cell, and that photosensitizes
the cell,”

10. MARC(Multiple Unit Of Artificial Retinal Chipset System)

11. Photograph of MARC Chip

12. MARC Photoreceptor

13. MARC System Block Diagram

14. On-Going Development:
Argus III
The Argus III will work by taking the image from a camera and
wirelessly transmitting it to an electronics package. That
package will stimulate undamaged retinal tissue using a thin
film transistor electrode array.

15. Augmented Reality: Argus II
Sent it to the eye implant
Process the new image
Add the graphics
Take the input from the camera

16. Advantages Disadvantages
Compact Size – 6x6 mm
 Diagnostic Capability
 Reduction of stress upon
retina
Costly
If a single part of the chip is
damaged the total technique
will be meaningless.

17. Conclusion
 Its been 40 years since Arne Larsson received the first fully implanted
cardiac pacemaker at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.
 Researchers throughout the world have looked for ways to improve
people's lives with artificial, bionic devices.
 Bionic devices are being developed to do more than replace defective
parts.
 Researchers are also using them to fight illnesses.
 Providing power to run bionic implants and making connections to the
brain's control system pose the two great challenges for both electrical
& biomedical engineering.
 Scientist are now looking at devices like bionic arms, tongues, noses
etc.