human body hydration

2. RESTORATIVE AND CONTINUE CARE:
HYDRATION, HUMIDIFICATION, COUGHING TECHNIQUES, BREATHING
EXERCISES AND INCENTIVE SPIROMETRY

3. Restorative care is a part of the rehabilitation process that focuses on
helping patients regain independence to the fullest extent possible and
improve their quality of life.
Restorative care is typically for patients who no longer need intensive
rehabilitation or acute care, such as those who have suffered a stroke or
traumatic injury. After acute care, restorative care is usually considered a
next step of the patient's rehabilitation.
Restorative care helps patients to rebuild their strength and functional
abilities at a pace that is manageable for them.

4. purpose
• restorative care is to maintain a person's highest level of physical,
mental, and psychosocial function in order to prevent declines that
impact quality of life.

5. HYDRATION
MS. Akshata Bansode

6.  Human body depends on water to survive. Every cell, tissue, and
organ in the body needs water to work properly.
 Proper hydration helps to thin the mucus lining airways and lungs.
 Dehydration can cause that mucus to thicken and get sticky, which
slows down overall respiration and makes more susceptible to illness,
allergies and other respiratory problems

7. In order to take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide, our lungs must
be continually moistened with water. Unless a heart disease prevents
it, a fluid intake of 1500 to 2000 mL. per day will assist keep pulmonary
secretions thin and easy to expectorate.
Hydration therapy is a basic treatment that involves inserting a tiny IV
into our arm to administer fluids directly into our bloodstream.
Vitamins, electrolytes, antioxidants, and even medication may be
included in the fluids.
Hydration treatment refills fluids more quickly than consuming fluids
because it allows fluids to circulate fast through our bodies.

8. Importance of Hydration
• Carries nutrients and oxygen to all cells in the body and the normal
functioning of organs.
• Regulate body temperature.
• Keep joints lubricated
• Protects and cushions vital organs.

9. • Essential for our senses to work properly.
• Staying hydrated also helps with sleep, cognition, and mood.
• . The main property of blood, which carries nutrients to cells and
carries waste out of the body.
• One of the 6 nutrients essential for life (water, fat, carbohydrate,
protein, vitamin and minerals).

10. HUMIDIFICATION

11. Humidity is the amount of water vapour present in a gaseous
environment. Normally, the air travelling through the airways is
warmed, moistened and filtered by cells in the nasopharynx and down
the airways, so that by the time it reaches the alveoli it is fully
saturated at a temperature of 37°C.

12. Purpose of Humidification
• Humidification helps make breathing more easy
• Humidification can make a cough more productive.
• . Humidification eliminate or reduce snoring To manage hypothermia
• To treat bronchospasm (due to cold air)
• Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Inadequate Humidification
• . Dry and non-productive cough
• Complaints airway dryness

13. • Thick and dehydrated secretions
• Reduced lung function (atelectasis/pneumonia)
• Damage to the ciliated tracheal mucosa
• Increased airway resistance
• Increased work of breathing
• Increased risk of infection

14. Humidifiers

15. Humidifiers are devices that release water vapor or steam to increase
moisture levels in the air (humidity). Humidifiers work by adding molecules
of water to gas. Humidifiers help moisturize lung, throat, and nasal
passages that will help ease symptoms such as congestion, allergies, or
other illnesses. Humidifiers can also help ease dry, and prevent painful
rashes.

16. Types of Humidifiers
ACTIVE HUMIDIFICATION

17. Active humidification uses an external device to provide heat and
humidification. Heated humidifiers have different designs and different
techniques for humidification. Active humidifiers include bubble,
passover or heated humidifiers.

18. 1. Bubble Humidifiers

19. A bubble humidifier consists of a bottle or reservoir partially filled with
water attached to a conduction system
Bubble humidifiers incorporate a pressure relief valve that releases
pressure from inside the humidifier bottle to prevent bursting of the
bubble in the event there is an obstruction to the flow path out of the
humidifier bottle
Contraindications:
This type of humidifier is contraindicated for patients with an
endotracheal tube, a tracheostomy.

20. 2.PASSOVER HUMIDIFIER

21. The simple passover humidifier is just a reservoir/jar containing water
over which the dry inspired gas will flow and increase its water content.

22. 3. HEATED HUMIDIFIERS

23. • A heated humidifier consists of a reservoir and a heating element. Some heated
humidifiers
• include a wick element. The wick is usually surrounded by the heating element
to maintain
• adequate saturation of the wick during the operation of the device. The heating
element improves
• water output and usually has a controller that regulates the element's heating
power and subsequently maintains a set temperature of inspired gas at the
patient airway. Indications Heated humidifiers provide a high level of humidity
and heat, and for that reason are mainly used with intubated and mechanically
ventilated patients. In these patients, the upper airways are bypassed by the
endotracheal tubes and the patients are fully dependent on external sources
that provide the highest possible levels of humidity and heat for optimal
conditioning of the inspired gases.

24. Aerosol Generators
Aerosol generators are required for the delivery of sterile water or
hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic saline aerosols. During bland aerosol
therapy, liquid particles are generated and delivered to the patient's
airway suspended in the inspired gas. The most common aerosol
generators are the large volume jet nebulizers and vibrating mesh or
"ultrasonic" nebulizers.

25. a) Large Volume Jet Nebulizer Large volume jet nebulizers are pneumatically
powered with direct attachment to a flowmeter and compressed gas
source.

26. b) Vibrating Mesh Nebulizer
Vibrating mesh nebulizers are exceptionally good at producing very fine
aerosols with higher respirable fraction at slower velocities and within a
short time (2-30 minutes) depending on the fill volume and the type of
drug being nebulized. The integral component of VMNs is a vibrating
mesh plate,with high-precision-formed holes that control the size and
flow of the aerosolized particles
.

27. 2.Passive Humidification
Passive humidifiers are mainly retainers of water vapor expelled with
the exhaled gas from the lungs during the expiratory phase of a breath.
The main type of passive humidifier is the heat and moisture exchanger

28. 1.Heat and Moisture Exchangers (HME)
Heat and moisture exchangers are also known as artificial noses. HMES
contain a condenser element with low thermal conductivity. HMES are
typically used for short-term ventilatory support and for humidification
during anesthesia. Whenever filtration capability is added to these
humidifiers, they are called heat and moisture exchangers/filters. All
types of HMES are for single patient use, and almost all of them are
fitted with a Luer port for measurement of the end tidal carbon dioxide
tension.