3. Introduction
Pharmaceuticals : Primarily consists of drugs given
either Orally (as solid pills and liquids) or
injectables or as topical / local applications.
engineered technologies for the targeted delivery
and controlled release of therapeutic agents.
Novel Drug Delivery System is to provide a
therapeutic amount of drug to the appropriate site in
the body to accomplish promptly and then maintain the
desired drug concentration.
Refers to the approaches ,formulation , technologies
and system for transporting a pharmaceutical
compound in body as needed to safety achieve its
desired therapeutic effect.
6. Disadvantages in current therapy
Inactivation by gastric juice
Metabolism before reaching target cell – First pass
metabolism in lung / liver / Intestine.
Too many adverse reactions .
Large amount of drug deliver.
Repeated dosage is necessary.
Less patients compliance.
7. How to overcome this???
By improving rate of drug delivery
Decreasing Biodegradation
Time release medications
Site-specific targeting
Finding ways to administer injectable only
medications in oral form
By using CRDDS, TRDDS, SRDDS
8. Drug Delivery Systems
Controlled drug delivery system
Target drug delivery system dds
Define
An ideal controlled drug delivery system is the one
which delivers the drug at a predetermined rate,
locally or systemically, for a specified period of time.
Controlled Drug Delivery System (CDDS)
e.g.
Oral CDDS
Nasal CDDS
Drug eluting stents
10. Advantages
Controlled release dosage forms controls the release
rate of the drug prolonging activity .
Minimization of the needs for frequent dose intake.
A smaller drug dose than that used in conventional
system is administered, thus avoiding accumulation of
the drug beyond the minimum effective concentration.
Reduction of adverse side effects.
Enhancement of patient compliance.
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11. Disadvantage
Controlled release dosage forms are often more
expensive than conventional dosage forms
because of use of polymers and special
manufacturing technique.
There is reduced potential for dose adjustments.
In case of failure of dosage form, the risk of
dose dumping is present.
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12. Classification of controlled
release drug delivery systems
I. Rate-preprogrammed drug delivery systems
II. Activation-modulated drug delivery systems
III. Feedback-regulated drug delivery systems
IV.Site-targeting drug delivery systems
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13. Rate-preprogrammed drug delivery systems Activation-modulated drug
delivery systems
Feedback-regulated drug delivery systems
Site-targeting drug delivery systems
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18. Prodrug
Prodrug is an inactive form of drug which gets
metabolized in the body to an active drug.
Used to overcome the pharmacokinetic disadvantage
of useful drug E.g. : levodopa
To provide longer duration of action.
e.g. – Procaine Penicillin, Benzathine
pencillin
19. Target drug delivery system dds
It is a special form of drug delivery system
which implies for selective and effective
localization of the pharmacologically active
moiety at pre-identified (preselected)
targets(s) in therapeutic concentration,
while restricting its access to non-target
normal cellular linings, thus minimizing
toxic effects and maximizing the therapeutic
index.
21. Objective
To achieve a desired pharmacological response at a
selected sites without undesirable interaction at other
sites, there by the drug have a specific action with
minimum side effects & better therapeutic index.
• Ex- Cancer chemotherapy and
• Proteins & Peptides delivery
Delivery of drugs to specific part of the body.
Significantly reduce overall drug toxicity while
maintaining therapeutic benefits.
22. These are programmed to release drugs at a definite rate
either continuously or intermittently in pulses.
–Insulin pump
–GnRH pump
Computerized Miniature Pumps
23. Ocusert
• Thin elliptical micro units
containing drug in reservoir
• Eg : Pilocarpine ocusert used
in Glaucoma placed.
Site : Under lower eyelid delivers
the drug for a period of 7 days
Adv : Pilocarpine is a
short acting drug given 6th
hrly is avoided.
26. Special delivery forms in
Subcutaneous route
• Dermojet : Needle is not used.
A high velocity jet of drug solution
injected using gun like implement
and Solution gets deposited in
subcutaneous tissue.
–Essentially painless and suited for
mass inoculations.
Eg. Insulin
27. Special delivery forms in SC route
• Pellet implantation : Drug in solid pellet form
introduced with a trochar and canula.
Provides sustained release of drug over weeks
and months. Eg. DOCA, Testosterone
33. LIPOSOMES
Liposomes first described by Dr. A. D. Bingham in 1965.
The Liposomes are the micro-particular drug carrier one or
more concentric phospholipids bi-layer separated by aqueous
buffer compartments known as “Liposomes”.
Liposomes is Greek words means
‘Lipo’ mean ‘Fat’ and
‘Somes’ mean ‘Body’.
Their diameter ranges from 80nm to 100µm.
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35. ADVANTAGES
Liposomes increased efficacy and therapeutic index of drug.
Liposomes increased stability via. encapsulation.
Provide selective passive targeting to tumour tissues.
Improved pharmacokinetic effects (reduced elimination,
increased circulation life time).
Liposomes reduce the toxicity of the encapsulation.
Facilitation of transport across membranes. 35
36. DISADVANTAGES
Low solubility.
Short half-life.
Sometimes phospholipid undergoes oxidation and hydrolysis
like reaction.
Production cost is high.
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37.
38. Nanoparticles are sub-nanosized colloidal structures composed
of synthetic or semi-synthetic polymers.”
Size range : 10–1000 nm.
The drug is dissolved, entrapped, encapsulated or attached to a
nanoparticle matrix.
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39. Nanocapsules :- Nanocapsules are systems in which the drug
is confined to a cavity surrounded by a unique polymer
membrane.
Nanospheres :- Nanospheres are matrix systems in which the
drug is physically and uniformly dispersed.
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40. Nanoparticles have many applications, including
anti-tumour therapy, gene therapy, AIDS therapy,
radiotherapy, in the delivery of proteins,
antibiotics, virostatics, vaccines and as vesicles to
pass the blood-brain barrier.
41. Nanoparticle can be administered by parenteral, oral, nasal,
ocular routes.
By attaching specific ligands on to their surfaces, nanoparticles
can be used for directing the drugs to specific target cells.
Improves stability and therapeutics index and reduce toxic
affects.
Both active & passive drug targetting can be achieved by
manipulating the particle size and surface characteristics of
nanoparticles.
ADVANTAGES
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42. Small size & large surface area can lead to particle aggregation.
Physical handling of nanoparticles is difficult in liquid and dry
forms.
Limited drug loading.
Toxic metabolites may form.
DISADVANTAGES
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