Diapositivas del seminario de Alejandro Piedrahita y Mariana Pulgarín

1. Mariana Pulgarín Toro
Alejandro Piedrahita Cuartas
Biología molecular
3er semestre medicina
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana

2. Introduction
• Multiple esclerosis is a cronic and disabling disorder of the central nervous
system, in most cases It follows a relapsing course.
• It can be diagnosed through a magnetic resonance (MRI)
• Multiple esclerosis varies between patients, some may have a
radiologically and clinically stable disease, others may require a highly
effective drug.
• There is a need for specific biomarkers to predict clinical course and
response to treatment, there are patients that are erroneously diagnosed
with relapse as there are others that are misdiagnosed.

3. FLC in saliva
• Looking for a more practical, non-invasive
approach, they came up with the idea of study
the FLC (Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains) in
the saliva of healthy and multiple sclerosis
patients
• Some reports suggested changes of mucosal
immunity in MS
• MS patients revealed pronounced disease-
related FLC abnormalities, especially in patients
with active MS, where increased FLC levels were
observed

4. Objective
This study is aimed to assess the utility of saliva FLC as a
biomarker of disease activity and response to treatment in MS

5. Materiales y métodos
Pacientes
• Tanto los pacientes que estaban sufriendo
una recaída, como los que estaban en
remisión fueron incluidos en el estudio
• También se recibieron muestras de 40
individuos sanos
Muestras de saliva
• Las muestras eran recolectadas en las
horas de la mañana, y eran recogidas en
tubos Eppendorf; y eran congeladas
inmediatamente después de ser
recogidas. Antes de ser examinas se las
centrifugaba

6. Western blot analysis
• Western blotting is a laboratory technique
used to detect a specific protein in a
blood or tissue sample. The method
involves using gel electrophoresis to
separate the sample's proteins.
• On this study, was used to identify the
presence of FLC monomer and dimer
chains

7. Electrophoresis
• It is a laboratory technique to separate DNA, RNA, and
proteins.
• It works by electric current; it moves the molecules to be
separated through a special gel.
• Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments, and this allows
the characterization of disease genes
• In this study, FLC immunoreactive bands were counted
by electrophoresis.

8. Resultados

13. Discussion
Authors ¿What did they say? Our position
Comabella et al
However, well-validated biological markers to
assess disease activity and monitor disease course
in MS are currently lacking ✓
Gafson et al
This may provide clinicians with the information
needed for selecting the most appropriate drug in
terms of risks and benefits, as well as monitor the
response to treatment over time
✓
Kaplan et al
In this respect, the application of nephelometric
FLC assay and Western blotting in CSF and saliva
analysis may assess the relation between FLC in
saliva and CSF
✓

14. Conclusions
• Different tools in molecular biology like electrophoresis are
very useful to determine different kinds of genetic diseases.
• Different kinds of treatments and protein
concentration may affect saliva FLC levels.
• Saliva FLC could be a new, non-invasive tool for
approaching disease activity.

15. Mapa conceptual de Alejandro