2. .Electrity
INDEX
.How does an electric power plant works?
.Types of electric power plants
Nuclear powers plants
Thermal powers plants
Hydroelectric power plants
Wind powers plants
Solar powers plants
Geothermal power plants
Biomass Thermal power plants
3. MORE INDEX
Ocean power plants
Environment impacts
Stage of energy consumption
Extraction of natural resources
Transport fuels
Energy generation
Final use
Waste treatment
Some solution for environment problems
Can wind energy produce fresh water?
4. Electricity
It is the flow or movement of electrons though
a material.It is the most used energy in our
society, because it can be transformed easily
and it can be transporyed long distances.
5. How does an electric power
plant works?
In a generating plant,the energy of different fuels is
converted into another form of energy. This occurs
in a turbine-alternator system. The fan-like blades
turn with the help of energy inside the turbine. The
shaft turn with the blades.This caused a magnetic
field that makes generator to move and this produce
electricity. Electricity cannot be stored,it must be
transported to consumption centres
6. Types of Electric Power Plants
Non-conventional Conventional
Nuclear Power Wind farms
Plants
Solar power Plants
Fossil fuel Geothermal power
thermal power plants
Plants
Biomass thermal
Hydroelectric power plants
Power Plants
Ocean power plants
7. Nuclear power plant
Energy is produce from a nuclear
fission.When a radioactive mineral
breaks down produce heat, this
ocurr in the reactor.Then in the
pipes the high pressure steam that
was produced move a turbine and a
generator.This produce
electricity.The most used energy
mineral is uranium. Advantage:
the produce a lot of
energy.Disvantage: an accident can
be very dangerous for environment
8.
9. Advantage: Disvantage:
the produce a lot of energy. an accident can be very
dangerous for environment
They don't generate polluting
and society.
gases to the atmosphere as
fossils fuels The waste generate can't be
eliminated
10. Thermal power plant
Fuels(coal,fuel oil...)are burn in the boiler, these produce heat
than converts the water into high pressure steam.This make
turn a turbine that is connecte to a generator,it produce
electricity.
11. Advantages: Disdvantages:
Fuels are cheap It produce pollutant smokes and
fumes.
They require less space than other
Huge requirement of water
Waste" heat might be used for
district heating, or an industrial Efficiency of thermal plant is quite
process less
12. Combines cycle power plant
Electricity is roduced by the burn of a mixture of air and gas.
That, in a boiler, transform into high pressure gas that move aa
turbine and a generator. The combustion gases are transported to
another boiler where the heat of the gas is used to heat water.
That is a second cycle.
This type of power plant produce more electricuty and performs better than
the other ones that have only one cycle.
13. Hydroelectric power plants
They use the force of the water. The force of gravity and the height of the
flow of water helps the move of the bladews of the turbine to turn quicklier
by kinetic energy
There are 2000 hydroelectric powerplants in the USA. This makes USA one of the
biggest producers of Hydraulic energy.
14. Gravity-driven hydraulic power plants: Water used follows the
course okf a river. Water is not reuse.
Pump-driven hydraulic power plants: water descent to another
reservoir in a lower heigh. Tha water stored on it is pumped to the highest
level again. Water is reuse
15. Wind Power Plants
Wind power plants use
the force of the wind for
move the blades which
tourn a generatour at
the top a the mills. It is
one of the best
alternatives to fossil
fuels because wind
energy is clean and
renewable.
16. Wind farms
They're groups of wind turbines together. Thay can
be
Onshore : They're on the land
Offshore : They're on the sea near coast.
Europe is leader of this type of wind energy.
17. Solar Power Plants
They can be:
Photovoltaic power plants : They use sun energy to produce electricity.
They can be also named as Solar cells. They're made of semiconductive
materials and the energy provided is produced by a group of Solar Cells
connected together. They need large places full of Solar Cells. There are also
Smaller power plants called Isolated wich are used for domestic production.
18. Photo-thermal power plants:
Use the heat of the sun for heating water that produce steam that turn a rotor
in a generator. They use Heliostats ( strange type of mirror that reflect the
sunlight and concentrate it at one point)
19. Geothermal Power Plants
They use the subsoil heat founded at deep leevls of the earth crust. This heat
reach the surface in the form of steam, hot water or gases
They can be:
Directly: That use the stracted heat directly
Indirectly: Use the heat for production of electricity.
20. Biomass Thermal Power Plants
They produce energy from the burning of organic compounds such
as urba, agricultural and food wastes.
This occurs in Biomas Power Plants, where fuels are burned to
produce energy that heat water which produce steam that move a
generator.
21. Ocean Power PLants
They use the force of sea to move a turbine and a generator which produce
electricity. They use:
Energy from tides
Energy from waves
They're not very usual because their production is low
22. Environmental impact assessment
Is the evalution of the possible negative or positive impact that the
electric power plants can made in the environment.Environmental
impact:The diferences forms of electric power plants,made
envariomental impacts, in their building and operating.
.
23. The impact of each electric power plant
Name of the power Environmental impact
plant.
FOSSIL FUEL THERMAL POWER PLANT: The air is pollute because the combustion.The cooling system release
warm water.The extraction and production of the coal, oil and natural gas
can produce dust, noise,hydrocarbon emissions, solid and liquid waste,
blowouts, leaks.
NUCLEAR: The waste that are produce are non recycable, it only can be use once.The
radiation contamination pollute the plants, the water and the animals
Hydroelectric: Produce a lot of carbon dioxide , methane and gases of greenhouse
effect.Seasonal changes in water level produces a continuous supply of
material decomposition.The environment change.
Wind power Cause a visual impact, because always there are a lot of wind
turbines.Also cause a sound impact,because there are not insulations.But
there are not polllution.
Solar: It can produce pollution if contact with the environment.It need large areas.It can
produce changes in the flora and in the fauna. During the manufacture of the
materials used for solar panels and solar cells (steel, copper and aluminum,that
are often used as raw material) produces pollution.
Biomass Produces carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen and in some
cases oxides of sulfer, when biomass it burns.If we use a lot of biomass can
affect the greenhouse effects.
Ocean power: There are not visual impact.Only there are impact when it is building.Affect to the
animals, that some of them were killed.
24. Stage of the energy consumption
1.EXTRACTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES 2. FUEL TRANSPORT
26. Extraction of energy resources
The deforestation of the areas where the resources are is ocurr,this
causes serious consequences to the environment.Also this causes
that the resources are running out.Pollute the air and the water by
the machines and techniques that are use to the extraction.The
changes in the fauna and in the flora.Can be environment damage
cause by accident.Uranium mining leads to radioactive dust
releases, mine water seepage, protection of workers from
radioactivity, and the disposal of a large quantity of mine waste
containing a low level of radioactivity.Coal mining, particularly
surface mining, has both long-term and short-term effects on land...
27. Fuel Transport
Is transport in oil pipelines and oil tankers.
1.Oil pipelines can cause damage in the environment by
nature or human error.This lead a spill.If there are
a leak or a break can damage the soil and the
water.Some agricultural activities will be affect.Can
cause the disappearance of the plants in a
forest...They can change the marina environment, if
they are building near the coast.
2.If Oil tankers spill afect directy to the soil,water,air
and flora and fauna. The sand of the beaches is very
difficult to clean,is neccesary years to clean all, this
leave the soil unusable.The water has less
oxygen,organic and inorganic material and it has
more salinity.The flora and fauna can't live in the
sea or ocean and began to die.
28. Electricity Generation
Conventional thermal power plants produce different problems:
When they burns the carbon we transform into carbon dioxide, that it stays in the
atmosphere ,this increase the greenhouse effect and the global warming.
They also emit sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide that contribute to the acid rain and
the smog.They damage a lot the environment.
The animals and plants of the marine ecosystem are affected by the warm water used
in the cooling system that is expelled to the oceans, rivers andseas.
29. Hydroelectric power plants:
They needs water reservoirs , and this change the water circle of the rivers.Sometimes flood
large land areas.
They block the fish routes, and destroy river ecosystems.
Nuclear thermal power plant:
The release of the nuclear wastes is very difficult and dangerous because they are radioactive.
Accidents in nuclear power plants have a high risk of environmental contamination
Nuclear accidents can cause large amounts of radioactive contamination, many deaths, and
leave the near land unusable for the next century
30. Final Use:
The fuels that we use in some of our daily needs
produce gases that pollute the air, for example the
vehicles.All the electricity that we use before cause
environmental impacts during it extraction,
transportation and generation.We have to thing about
it.
31. Waste Treament
Waste and their consequences from the thermal power plant can be reduce
if we:
Use carbon with low sulphur to reduce the acid rain that is produce bay this
element
Maintain and increase the forests that act as a sink of the carbon dioxide.
Install special filters to the canonades of the power plant to catch some
pollutants gases for example : sulphur and nitrogen oxide.
.
32. Nuclear power plant waste :
Is stored in steel drums,it must be close very well to prevent leaks , it is
buried underground in specialized sites
Also in ocean trenches can be store,but have the risk of the material
leaking because the steel drums corroding
33. Some solution for enviromental problems
Effiency:
● We have tu reduce the energy that we consume,use for example electric car, of use products
that have low fuels.
● The goverment has to worry about the pollution problems, have to implant environment laws,
and have to punish the people don't carry out them
.
Energy savings:
Adopt our live to reduce the comsuption of all forms of energy, and habits that are more
environmentally.Examples:
● Use transport that pollute less( public or bicycles)
● Turn off the electrical appliances when we stop use.
● Don't open the window if the heating is set.
● Try to save water
● .Don't turn on the light if it is day.Replaces the normal bulbs for low consumption bulbs.
Energy diversification
The fundamental thing is to use renewable energy such
as:wind,solar,biomass,ocean,hydroelectric,because the non-renewable such as fuels
are more expensive and will end.And use to produce electricity alternative power
plants.The goverments also help to aim this objective
34. Can wind energy produce fresh water?
Yes.A French eneering discovered a form
to do this.Eole water is working now in a
prototype.
Firts the energy is produce like the normals
wind turbines, the kinetic energy of the wind
move the blades of a rotor that is on a top of a
tower.Then an 'air blower' sucked air
thought a nose that is in the turbine.A
electric cooling compressor extracts the
humidity of the air that it condensed and it is
collected.The water collect is carry through
stainless steel pipes to a tank in the
turbine.Finally the water that was obtain is
filtered and purified,then is ready for use
and consume.
