1. +
The Challenge of
Sustainable Cities
Remarks by Alvaro Uribe Vélez
November 2012

2. +
A world governed by cities
What stresses has globalization put on cities in Latin America? Are you
learning from each other how to deal with development of the cities?
Who do you look to for models?

3. +
The big facts…
McKinsey Institute Research shows…
1. 600 Urban Centers generate 60% of the world’s GDP
2. Almost half of the world GDP in 2010 was generated in 362
cities located in developed nations.
3. 20% of the world GDP in 2010 was generated in 187 from
North America
4. In 2010 China’s Metropolitan Areas generated 78% of the
Nation GDP.
5. 74% of the Latin American and Caribbean population leaves
in cities.

4. +
Latin American biggest cities…
City Population 2010 Population 2025 GDP 2010 (US$B) GDP 2025
Sao Paulo 19.7 23.2 437 912
Mexico City 20.1 21.6 255 459
Buenos Aires 13.1 15.2 191 384
Rio de Janeiro 11.8 13.6 181 356
Lima 9.2 11.8 77.3 184.7
Santiago 6.1 7.3 93 196
Bogota 8.5 11.4 85 184

5. +
China’s Urban Revolution
City Population 2010 Population 2025 GDP 2010 (US$B) GDP 2025
Shangai 22.3 30.9 250 1.112
Beijing 18.8 29.6 206 1027
Tianjin 11.1 15.2 128 624
Guagzhou 11.1 14.9 146 573
Shenzhen 10.4 13.7 141 526
Chongqing 15.7 19.4 88.6 458

6. +
How cities will impact the world…
1. From 2010 to 2025, the GDP of the world biggest 600 cities will rise
by over $30 trillion.
2. Over$10 trillion in additional annual investments needed in cities by
2025.
3. 1 billion new consumers in emerging market cities by 2025.
4. 60% of the new urban consumers will be bases in 440 emerging
cities.
5. Annual consumption in Emerging 440 cities is set to rise by $10
trillion by 2025.
6. Cities are expected to need to build floor space equivalent to
85%of today’s building stock (An area de size of Australia)
7. Nearly80 billion cubic meter increase in municipal water demand
expected in the world’s cities by 2025.
8. Over 2.5 times today’s level of port infrastructure needed to meet
rising container-shipping demand.

7. +
The challenges of an
urbanized Latin America
Latin America has many emerging global cities. What is the right mix of
international and local goals for these cities? Would you say this is a
balance most countries in developing regions should be cognizant of?

8. +
The big 4 big challenges…
The right mix of goals in Latin American Cities
Security
Transportation
Business Climate
Environmental Quality

9. +
1. Security
City Country Homicides Rate per 100K
San Pedro Sula Honduras 1143 158
Juarez Mexico 1974 147
Maceio Brazil 1564 135
Acapulco Mexico 1029 127
Tegucigalpa Honduras 1123 99
Caracas Venezuela 3164 98
Torreon Mexico 990 87
Chihuahua Mexico 690 82
Guatemala Guatemala 2248 74
San Salvador Salvador 1343 58
Ciudad de Panamá Panamá 543 31
Medellin Colombia 1624 70
Cali Colombia 1720 77
Bogota Colombia 1387 19

10. +
1.Security
Prevention
Education
Youth Employment
Citizen Participation
Social Programs
Social inclusion
Sanction
Intelligence
Man Power
Technology
Risk Mapping
Effective Judicial
Systems
Technology
Call Centers
City Cameras
Rapid Response
Tracking
Criminal Databases
Crime Scene Profiling
CSI
Communitary
Support
Informants
Neighborhood
Councils
Prompt
denouncements
Policy framework…

11. +
Transportation
1. Buenos Aires receives 1.4
million cars per day
2. Bogota has one million cars
and 400.000 on average
circulate every day
3. In Sao Paulo people who drive
lose almost 3 ours in one of
the many 100km traffic jams
the city faces every day
4. The increase in per capita
income has triggered the most
rapid demand for cars in our
region recent history
Key Figures 2007
(Source CAF 2009-2010)
City Cars Motorcycle Taxis
Bogota 792.000 116.000 49.000
Buenos
Aires
4.285.000 470.000 45.000
Caracas 820.000 114.000 12.400
Mexico City 5.592.000 108.420 182.000
Sao Paulo 4.386.000 652.000 38.639
Lima 453.000 27.000 81.826

12. +
Transportation
Policy
Actions
Reduce daily
car circulation
Integrated
Massive
Transportation
Systems
Promote Car
Pooling
Toll Roads for
Rapid Access
Expand metro-lines
Improve urban
planning
promoting
functional
districts
Policy framework…

13. +
Business Climate
Country DB 2011 DB 2010 DB 2012
Mexico 35 41 48
Peru 36 46 43
Colombia 39 38 45
Chile 43 53 37
Argentina 115 113 124
Uruguay 124 122 89
Ecuador 130 127 139
Brazil 127 124 130
Venezuela 172 170 180
1. Countries are measured by their
capacity to create an adequate
environment for doing business.
2. Cities thus are the true epicenter
of economic activity, requiring
the right institutions to guarantee
a competitive development of
private initiative.
3. The World Bank Doing Business
report represents a good
instrument of measurement

14. +
Business Climate
The regional challenge to improve our business climate
Indicator Brazil Chile Mexico Colombia Peru Venezuela
Starting a
Business
(Proceadures)
13 8 6 9 6 17
Starting a
Business (Days)
119 22 9 14 27 141
Days for
Construction
Permits
411 155 105 50 188 395
Hours devoted to
pay taxes (Hours
per year)
2.600 316 404 208 380 864
Days to enforce a
contract
616 480 415 1.346 428 510
Enforcing
Contracts (Cost %
Claim)
16.5 28.6 32 47.9 35.7 43.7
Cost to export
US$ per Container
US$1.730 US$745 US$1.420 US$1.770 US$860 US$2.590

15. +
Business Climate in Colombian
Cities
City Procedures to
start a
business
Days to start a
business
Procedures for
a construction
permit
Hours
paying taxes
Time to enforce
contracts
(days)
Contract
enforcement
% of Claim
Bogota 9 20 11 208 1346 52.6
Medellin 9 12 13 208 768 40.1
Cali 11 13 19 208 1320 35.7
Barranquilla 9 17 13 208 1520 28.8
Cartagena 11 27 14 208 1300 44.8

16. +
Business Climate
Cutting Red
Tape
Simplifying
procedures
Online services
Expedite
Business
registration
Expedite
contractual
judicial execution
Entrepreneurial
Spirit
Incentives for
starting a
business.
Access to credit
Tax compliance
simplification
Bankruptcy
legislation
Investor
Protection
Legal stability
Security
Zero tolerance
with corruption
Incentives
Infrastructure
Energy
Roads
Water and
sanitation
High Quality
Utilities
Broad Band
Human Capital
Access to
tertiary
education
Proficiency in
math and
science.
Bilingual
professionals
High Quality
Universities
Policy framework…

17. +
Environmental Quality
Latin American Green City Index
1. Nine of 17 cities derive more than 80% of their electrical energy from renewable sources. São Paulo for
example relies entirely on hydropower and has no greenhouse gas emissions from electricity production
at all, contributing to its well above average performance in this category.
2. Often those cities with the most renewable energy tend to have the weakest climate change policies. Of
the nine cities with over 80% renewable energy, only three score better than average in this Index
category.
3. Only nine cites have full or partial eco-building standards. Just five have full regulations in place to
motivate households and business to lower their energy use.
4. Only four fully promote citizen awareness on ways to improve the energy-efficiency of buildings.
5. According to official data, fourteen cities collect and dispose over 95% of waste, and for eight cities the
figure is 100%.
6. Waste generated per person, at an Index average of 465 kg per year, is noticeably lower than the figure
in last year’s European Green City Index, at 511 kg per year.
7. On average 94% of residents in cities in the Index have access to sanitation, and for 13 cities the figure
is over 90%.
8. Wastewater treatment, on the other hand, is very poor. On average only 52% of wastewater is treated,
and eight of 17 cities treat less than half their water. Two treat none.
9. Medellin is the only city ranked well above average on sanitation, and it has invested heavily over the
last 15 years.
10. Index cities take the issue seriously through policies. All monitor their air quality, and codes and air
quality promotion in some form are also universal.

18. +
Environmental Quality
Policy Framework
Energy
• Efficiency
• Energy Matrix in
favor of
renewable
energy.
• New building
codes
Emissions
• CO2 reduction
targets
• Air Quality norms
• Transportation
Standards
• Greener Vehicles
Waste
Management.
• Better Standards
• Improvement of
collection
techniques.
• Capture and
energy use of
methane gases.
Water and
Sanitation
• Better service
provision
• Resolve
coverage for low
income informal
settlements.
• High technology
in residual water
treatments.
Environmental
Governance
• Better statistical
information.
• High technical
personnel
• International Best
practices in
policy design.
Land use
• Orderly planned
expansion
• Utilities coverage
• Prevent informal
settlements
• Land titles
policies
Policy framework…

19. +
Medellin Story
Medellin used to be associated with the drug cartel. Today we hear of
the Medellin project and Medellin just put in a bid to host the Youth
Olympics? How did you do it?

20. +
12 Pillars of change
Road
to
change
Demobilizati
on policies
Democratic
Security
Urban
implementati
on.
Police
Intelligence
National Government
support for fiscal
Sustainability Agenda
(Metro)
Vibrant
entrepreneurial
spirit
Investment
Climate
New Business
Development
Social Investments
High Quality
Universities
EPM as a model of
utilities MGT
Broad Band Access
Culture and creativity
policies for social
cohesion

21. +
www.alvarouribevelez.com