Activity
• See the pictures
• Give name to phenomena of your best
understanding….

School Bullying: Intervention
strategies
Presenter: Sana Shahzadi
MSC-III
National institute of Psychology

Presentation overview
• What is Bullying
• Types of Bullying
• Characteristics of Bully and Victim
• Impact of Bullying
• Intervention strategies
• Latest research
• Conclusion

What is bullying?

“BULLYING” defined:
"Bullying is deliberately hurtful behavior
which is repeated over a period of time. It is
difficult for those being bullied to stop the
process."

DEFINING BULLYING IN
SIMPLE TERMS
Unwanted, aggressive behavior
Repeated or potential for repeated
behavior
Real or perceived power imbalance

Types of Bullying
• Physical Attacks:
hitting,
pushing, or kicking.
• Verbal Attacks:
Hurtful comment ,
Name calling,Teasing,gestures
or remarks.
• Social Bullying:
Which may
involve spreading rumors or
leaving people out of groups
or activities.
Anyone can bully- or be
bullied.

The “New” Bullying: Cyber Bullying
• Through email, instant
messaging and text
messaging on cell
phones
• These messages of
threatening and
humiliating in nature

TYPES OF BULLYING
• Bullying can be
DIRECT
Face to face
Verbal
Insults,
putdowns,
teasing,
harassment
Psychological
Rolling eyes,
dirty looks,
uttering threats,
Physical
Shoves, pushes,
hitting, assault

Bullying can be:
• INDIRECT
Behind someone’s back
Exclusion(Boycott)
Leaving out
Shunning
Gossip
Lowering
people’s opinion
About the
victim
Relational
Aggression
Telling people
not to be friends
with a victim

Gender Differences
• A general shift from direct to indirect bullying
takes place as children advances from elementary
to middle and high school
• Boys are more likely than girls to report that they
are victims of physical bullying
• Girls may prefer to bully using indirect means

Characteristics of a bully
• High self-esteem
• May be popular
• More likely to engage in other problem
behaviors later in life, such as criminal
activity or alcohol or other drug abuse

Characteristics of Victims
• Passive
• Quiet, anxious & insecure
• Tend to “normalize” and no longer are victims upon
entering adulthood, though they may have
continued lower self-esteem and be more prone to
depression
• Provocative
• Reactive, clumsy, impulsive, irritating
• Attempt to fight or answer back when attacked, but
not effectively
• Often hyperactive, have difficulty concentrating
and act in ways that irritate others

Myth : Bullying only happens at school, so let
the education system deal with it! News flash!
Bullying does not occur only in the school setting.
This kind of harassment is found almost
everywhere where people, both children and
adults, gather to learn, play, or work.

•20% of students in grades 9-12 experience bullying.
(stopbullying.gov)
•Over 160,000 kids refuse to go to school each day for
fear of being bullied. (Nation Education Association)
•70 percent of middle and high school students have
experienced bullying at some point.(Center for Disease
Control, 2012; NCES, 2013)
•7-12 percent are chronic bullies. .(Center for Disease
Control, 2012; NCES, 2013)
•5-15 percent of youth are chronic victims. .(Center for
Disease Control, 2012; NCES, 2013)
Fact and Statistics of Bullying

Where Does Bullying Occur?
Bradshaw, C. P., Sawyer, A. L., & O'Brennan, L. M. (2007). Bullying and peer victimization at school: Perceptual differences
between students and school staff. School psychology review, 36(3), 361.
•According to one statistically significant study, middle
school age students experienced bullying on school
grounds in the following locations:*
•classroom (29.3%)
•hallway or lockers (29%)
•lunch room/cafeteria (23.4%)
•gymnasium (19.5%)
•bathroom (12.2%)
•recess playground (6.2%)

Impact of Bullying
• Students Who are Bullied
- Students deserve to feel
safe at school. But when
they experience bullying,
these types of effects can
last long into their future:
• Depression
• Low self-esteem
• Health problems
• Poor grades
• Suicidal thoughts

Students Who Bully Others
• Students who intentionally
bully others should be held
accountable for their actions.
Those who bully their peers
are also more likely than those
students who do not bully
others to *:
• Get into frequent fights
• Steal and vandalize property
• Drink alcohol and smoke
• Report poor grades
• Perceive a negative climate at
school
• Carry a weapon

Bystanders
• Observers of Bullying -
Students who see
bullying happen also
may feel that they are in
an unsafe environment.
Effects may include
feeling:
• Fearful
• Powerless to act
• Guilty for not acting
• Tempted to participate

Activity
• Brain storm your mind
• Made at least 1 strategy that you know best
and think it can works according to your
understanding
• You have 1 min

Intervention plans:
• The Traditional Disciplinary approach
• Bully Prevention in positive Behavior support
(BP-PBS)
• Friendly school program

The Traditional Disciplinary approach
• Develop a code of conduct
• Compile a menu of appropriate consequences
that educators can impose on students who
bully
• If you witness suspected bullying, immediately
approach the child responsible

Cont…
• If bully’s behavior continue despite your
surveillance and intervention, impose more
severe consequences(Temporary loss of play
ground privilege)
• Establish policy for contacting the parents
• Monitor the school’s bully-prevention and
intervention efforts

Bully Prevention in positive Behavior
support (BP-PBS)
• Intervention program is designed to remove
social rewards that maintain bullying behavior
• discrimination of “being respectful” versus
“not being respectful” Based on a school-
wide response to bullying behaviors that are
effective for bullies, victims, and bystanders

Key-Points
• Remove the reinforcers that maintain socially
aggressive behavior
• Teach all students to identify and label
disrespectful behavior
• School-wide stop signal student can use to
interrupt social aggression

Friendly school program
Cross, D., Monks, H., Hall, M., Shaw, T., Pintabona, Y., Erceg, E., ... & Lester, L. (2011). Three‐year results of the
Friendly Schools whole‐of‐school intervention on children’s bullying behaviour. British Educational Research
Journal, 37(1), 105-129.
The Friendly Schools program used three levels of intervention to
involve:
1. The whole-school community to build their commitment and
capacity to address bullying (whole-school intervention);
2. Students’ families through awareness raising and skills-based self-
efficacy activities (family intervention); and
3. Grades 4-5 students and their teachers through the provision of
teacher training and comprehensive teaching and learning support
materials (classroom intervention).

Naveed, S., Waqas, A., Aedma, K. K., Afzaal, T., & Majeed, M. H. (2019). Association of bullying experiences with depressive
symptoms and psychosocial functioning among school going children and adolescents. BMC research notes, 12(1), 198.
Association of bullying experiences with depressive symptoms and
psychosocial functioning among school going children and
adolescents(2019)
•A total of 452 school-going children in Nawabshah, Pakistan were
conveniently interviewed to assess rates of bullying experiences and
severity of depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were assessed
using the Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents.
•Experience of victimization was reported by 130 (28.8%) and perpetration by
(146, 32.3%). A total of 162 (35.80%) reported mild depressive symptoms,
• 88 (19.50%) moderate,
•33 (7.30%) moderately severe
•19 (4.20%) severe depressive symptoms.
•Both victims and perpetrators of bullying experienced adverse
emotional and social consequences. Bully-perpetrators exhibited the
greater severity of depressive symptoms due to distress in psychosocial
functioning.

Conclusion
• Bullying is a prevalent issue throughout our nation
and the effects of bullying can have a lifetime effect
on the victims
• Bullying has been the cause of suicides and school
shootings by victims; therefore it is important to
address how we handle this prevalent issue
• Schools are being required to develop anti-bullying
and anti-hazing policies and procedures to combat
bullying within the school system, protect victims,
and empower bystanders/witnesses of acts of
bullying