Generations of computer

1. GENERATIONS OF
COMPUTER

2. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
• The history of computer development is often referred
to in reference to the different generations of
computing devices.
• Each generation of computer is characterized by a major
technological development that fundamentally changed
the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly
smaller, cheaper, more powerful, efficient and reliable
devices

3. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER
• The computers can be divided into five generations depending
upon the technologies used. These generations differ in size and
processing capacity
• First Generation 1948 — 1958 Vacuum Tube
• Second Generation 1959 — 1967 Transistors
• Third Generation 1968 — 1973 Integrated Circuit (IC’s)
• Forth Generation 1974 — 1982 Microprocessors
• Fifth Generation 1982 — Till now

4. FIRST GENERATION
• This period was the beginning of commercial application of
electronic computers for data processing
• The main features of this generation are:
• Used vacuum tubes for circuitry
• Used magnetic drums for memory
• Used machine language to perform operations
• Able to solve one problem at a time
• Output consisted of punched cards or paper
• The UNIVAC and ENIAC are examples of first-generation
computing devices

6. DISADVANTAGES
• Very expensive to operate
• Very large in size.
• Generate lot of heat.
• Heavy air-conditioning is required.
• Less reliable.
• Consume very high voltage.
• Low storage capacity.

7. SECOND GENERATION
• Used Assembly language instead of binary language.
• Later on used High Level Languages like COBOL,
FORTRAN BASIC and PL/I
• Transmission of data from one computer to another was
possible.
• More reliable then previous generation.
• Smaller in size as compared to previous generation.
• Produce less heat as compare to previous generation.
• Less power consumption then previous generation.
• High capacity of internal storage.
• Used magnetic core technology
• Stored instructions in memory
• Developed for the atomic energy industry.

8. DISADVANTAGES
• Still require high air-conditioning.
• Input and output devices were very slow.

9. THIRD GENERATION
• First commercial operating system of real time is introduced.
• Smaller in size as compared to first two generations.
• Keyboards were used as input devices.
• Monitors were used as output devices.
• Higher capacity internal storage.
• Operating system is used to control the computer and its
resources.
• Used High-Level Language (HLL), like RPG and Pascal.
• High speed
• Small in size.

10. FOURTH GENERATION
• In this generation microprocessor chip was used. The machines
intended for sharp rise of productivity of work in science,
production, management, public health services, and everyday life
• Contained entire CPU on a single silicon chip.
• Very much reliable as compared to all previous generations.
• Magnetic disks became the primary means of internal storage
• Large internal storage capacity.
• Single chip contains thousands of IC’s.
• The size became very small due to the use of LSI (Large Scale
Integrated) and VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated) circuits.
• Less expensive.
• Very fast as compared to all previous generations.

11. FIFTH GENERATION
• Till fourth generation, the major stress was on improving
the hardware, decreasing the size and increasing the speed
of computer
• These computers were lacking thinking power.
• In fifth generation, scientists are trying to make computer
so intelligent that it could take decisions by its own self.
• These computers have capacity to think and reason which
can be used to solve problems where human intelligence is
required.
• Expert Systems are examples of systems implementing
Artificial Intelligence (AI).

12. PROCESSOR
•

13. •

14. •What is a
Port????

15. • A Connection Point at which we
connect input and output devices
to a computer

16. TYPES OF PORT
• Parallel
• Serial
• USB