2. LINKING WORDS
• Linking words are words and phrases which indicate a
connection. They usually appear at the beginning of the
sentences.
• These words work in the way that help the reader
understand how the information in the text is organised.
That´ s why, they are also called text organisers and
discourse makers. Moreover, (and this is one example
of linking word, as you will see) hiere are a long
selection of words and phrases that set a particular pace
in the sentences.
3. ADDING LINKING WORDS
• This type of linking word introduces more
information which extends the previous
statement. For instance:
Besides, Moreover, Furthermore,
What is more, In addition, In addition to…
Apart from this / that,
For example, For instance,
as well as also too Likewise,
4. ADDING LINKING WORDS
◊ The city is a famous shopping centre. Moreover, it is well-known for its art
galleries and museum. Furthermore, people can enjoy its long beach.
◊ He´s got a wonderful job in the main city. Besides, he has got a good income.
Apart from this, he also has got a company car.
◊ Mark adores spiders. In addition, he wants to buy a snake.
◊ He is an excellent football player as well as an excellent athlete.
◊ He is an excellent football player and an excellent athlete, too.
◊ He is also an excellent football player and athlete.
◊ He is an excellent football player. Likewise, he is an excellent athlete.
◊ In addition to having a three spiders, he also has a snake at home.
◊ He is reading his shopping list. For example, / For instance, he has to buy
potatoes, onions, carrots, pears and tomatoes.
5. SUMMARISING LINKING WORDS
• Summarising comes from summary. For this reason,
(another linking word meaning consequence) these
linking words are used to put an end to a text or to
introduce a conclusion to a text.
To sum up, Summing up, All in all, Overall, In
short, In conclusion,
In brief, In general, In the main,
On the whole, Broadly speaking,
To conclude,
6. SUMMARISING LINKING WORDS
◊ In conclusion, / In short, it is important to spread the
news about the medical discovery.
◊ On the whole, / Broadly speaking, she had a very
happy childhood.
◊ In brief, / In general,/ In the main, we are satisfied with
the work.
◊ To sum up, / Summing up, To conclude, the meal in the
new restaurant was appalling.
◊ All in all, / Overall, the decision was generally
applauded by everyone.
7. LINKING WORDS
• So far so good? Now your teacher is going to
deliver a worksheet to practise linking words.
• The answers can be checked here
8. CONTRASTING LINKING WORDS
• These linking words sets a surprise contrast with the
previous sentence.
Although, Though, Even though, While
Despite (the fact that) In spite of (the fact that)
But However, Nevertheless,
On one hand … on the other (hand)
In contrast, In contrast to…
On the contrary,
9. CONTRASTING LINKING WORDS
►Although and though have the same meaning. In informal speech
though is more common. They introduce an idea A with which the main
clause or sentence B is in contrast.
►When we say “Although / Though (sentence B), (sentence A)” hiere is
something unexpected or suprising about sentence B.
►Despite and In spite of are used when you are mentioned
circumstances which surprisingly do not avoid something from
happening.
►But / However / Nevertheless are used when you are adding a
comment which contrasts with the previous sentence.
►On one hand … on the other (hand) means “that is true and this is also
true if we look at it from a different viewpoint”.
►On the contrary means “that is not true, the opposite is true”.
10. CONTRASTING LINKING WORDS
◊Although / Though / While the machine is old, it should work for a few more
years.
◊ Despite the fact that / In spite the fact that the machine is old, it should work
for a few more years.
◊ The machine is old. However, / Nevertheless, it should work for a few more
years.
◊ The machine is old, but it should work for a few more years.
◊ On one hand, it is not actually raining now. On the other hand, it may rain
later, so you should take the umbrella.
◊ All in all, / Overall, the decision was generally applauded by everyone.
◊ The machine is old. In contrast, it should work for a few more years.
◊ In contrast to being old, the machine should work for a few more years.
◊ Do you ask me if the film was interesting? On the contrary, it was a complete
waste of time.
11. LINKING WORDS
• So far so good? Now your teacher is going to
deliver a worksheet to practise linking words.
• The answers can be checked here
