Bronchial asthma Pediatrics Topic
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This document provides information about bronchial asthma. It defines asthma as a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Triggers include allergens, infections, pollution, stress and certain drugs. The pathophysiology involves chronic inflammation and constriction of the airways. Diagnosis involves assessing symptoms and using tests like spirometry and imaging. Management consists of pharmacological treatments like bronchodilators and anti-inflammatories as well as nursing care focused on airway clearance, breathing exercises, nutrition, education and managing exacerbating factors.
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Bronchial asthma Pediatrics Topic
- 2. BRONCHIAL ASTHMA ANAMIKA RAMAWAT M.Sc. Nursing Batch 2017-18 GCON, Jodhpur
- 3. Introduction Asthma is one ofmost common chronic disease worldwide. It is a serious health problem affecting all age groups with increasing prevalence in developing countries. The word ‘asthma’ is derived from Greek word which meant ‘to pant heavily’ or ‘gasp for breath’.
- 4. Definition “Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways which manifests itself as recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and cough. It is characterized by bronchial hyper-responsiveness and variable airflow obstruction, that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment.”
- 5. Etiology
- 7. Passive cigarette smoking. Allergens inhalation., pollen, dusts, etc. Exposure to air pollution. Viral or bacterial infection. Physical, chemical irritant agent.
- 8. Exposed to fume. Heavy exercises(in children) Cold and Dry environment. Stressful Condition. Drugs like aspirin and NSAIDs. Rare- Family history.
- 14. Chronic production of cough Recurrent episodes of Wheezing Excretion of dyspnea Hypoxemia Chest tightness
- 15. Cyanosis Anorexia Weight loss Fatigue Severely diminished breath sounds
- 16. Restlessness Pulse paradoxes Increased blood pressure Anxiety Activity intolerance
- 17. Diagnosis
- 18. History taking Family history Passive cigarettes, smoking Exposure to triggering factors Socio-economic status Stressful condition
- 19. Physical examination The signs of respiratory system affection can be absent. Inspection:- Sitting position (orthopnoea) with accessory respiratory muscles involvement;- Tachypnoea. Percussion:- Diffuse increased sonority and down placed diaphragm. Auscultation:- Diminished vesicular murmur;- Dry coarse, polyphonic wheezing, disseminated crackles, predominantly at expiration, that can be heard at distance (wheezing);- Moist and sub crepitant crackles in more advanced bronchial hypersecretion. Lungs sounds- Wheezing Sounds
- 20. Spirometry Spirometry is used to diagnose asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other conditions that affect breathing. Spirometry may also be used periodically to monitor your lung condition and check whether a treatment for a chronic lung condition is helping you breathe better.
- 21. CT Scan of Asthmatic lungs
- 22. Chest X-ray
- 23. Sputum test- increased neutrophils
- 24. Complication Respiratory or cardiac failure Atelectasis Pneumonia Pneumothorax
- 29. NURSING MANAGEMENT NURSING ASSESSMENT- 1. History Collection Past and Present Medical and Surgical History, Family History, Socioeconomic, etc. 2. Physical Examination Head to Toe examination using techniques. Systematic Examination.
- 31. • 1. Ineffective Airway Clearance related to bronchoconstriction, increased mucus production, ineffective cough, possible bronchopulmonary infection. • 2. Ineffective Breathing Pattern related to chronic airflow limitation. • 4. Impaired Gas Exchange related to chronic pulmonary obstruction abnormalities due to destruction of alveolar capillary membrane. • 3. Risk for Infection related to compromised pulmonary function, retained secretions, and compromised defense mechanism.
- 32. • 5. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements related to increased work of breathing, air swallowing, drug effects with resultant wasting of respiratory and skeletal muscles. • 6. Activity Intolerance related to compromised pulmonary function, resulting in shortness of breath and fatigue. • 8. Ineffective Coping related to the stress of living with chronic disease, loss of independence. • 7. Disturbed Sleep Pattern related to hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
- 35. SUMMARY…
- 36. THANK YOU