Asian civilizations embrace, learn from, and respect one another with the objective of common progress and prosperity, resulting in the flourishing of individual civilizations as well as the establishment of a "community with shared future for mankind" where countries come together and join.

1. ASIAN
CIVILIZATION

2. Reporters:
ZKYLA
CERVANTES
ARTHLYN
LAYAN
JUDIZA
PANANGIN
ANGELO
MIRABEL
ANGELICA
JOAQUIN
JOHN LLOYD
CADANG
MARLON
CALDA

3. MESOPOTAMIA
CIVILIZATION

4. Mesopotamia
● First civilization in Asia
● Mesopotamia is a region of southwest Asia in the Tigris and
Euphrates river system that benefitted from the area’s climate and
geography to host the beginnings of human civilization.
● The word “mesopotamia” is formed from the ancient words “meso,”
meaning between or in the middle of, and “potamos,” meaning river.
● Humans first settled in Mesopotamia in the Paleolithic era. By 14,000
B.C., people in the region lived in small settlements with circular
houses.

5. ● We believe Sumerian civilization first took form
in southern Mesopotamia around 4000 BCE—
or 6000 years ago—which would make it the
first urban civilization in the region.
Mesopotamians are noted for developing one
of the first written scripts around 3000 BCE:
wedge-shaped marks pressed into clay tablets.
Ancient Mesopotamia

6. Mass-Produced
● Other ancient people made pottery by hand, but the
Sumerians were the first to develop the turning wheel, a
device which allowed them to mass-produce it, according
to Reed Goodman, a doctoral candidate in the art and
archaeology of the Mediterranean at the University of
Pennsylvania. That enabled them to churn out large
numbers of items such as containers for workers’ rations,
sort of the ancient forerunner of Tupperware.
Writing Perhaps the most important advance made by
the Mesopotamians was the invention of writing by the
Sumerians. Go here to learn more about Sumerian writing.
With the invention of writing came the first recorded laws
called Hammurabi's Code as well as the first major piece of
literature called the Epic Tale of Gilgamesh.
Writing

7. ● The Sumerians figured out how to collect
and channel the overflow of the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers—and the rich silt that it
contained—and then use it to water and
fertilize their farm fields. They designed
complex systems of canals, with dams
constructed of reeds, palm trunks and mud
whose gates could be opened or closed to
regulate the flow of water.
Hydraulic Engineering
The Chariot
● The Sumerians didn’t invent wheeled vehicles, but they
probably developed the first two-wheeled chariot in
which a driver drove a team of animals, writes Richard W.
Bulliet in The Wheel: Inventions and
Reinventions. Goodman says that there’s evidence the
Sumerians had such carts for transportation in the 3000s
B.C.

8. ● According to Kramer, the Sumerians invented
the plow, a vital technology in farming. They
even produced a manual that gave farmers
detailed instructions on how to use various
types of plows. And they specified the prayer
that should be recited to pay homage to
Ninkilim, the goddess of field rodents, in order
to protect the grain from being eaten.
The Plow
Textile Mills
The Sumerians’ innovation was to turn their
temples into huge factories,” Goodman explains.
He notes that the Sumerians were the first to
cross kin lines and form larger working
organizations for making textiles—the
predecessors of modern manufacturing
companies.

9. ● An archaeological site in Mari, Syria (modern Tell Hariri)
that was an ancient Sumerian city on the western bank of
Euphrates river.
● Their buildings might not have been as durable as stone
ones, but they were able to build more of them, and create
larger cities.
Mass-Produced Bricks
Metallurgy
• The e lion-headed eagle made of
copper, gold, and lapis lazuli by
Sumerian civilization.

10. ● Primitive people counted using simple methods, such
as putting notches on bones, but it was the Sumerians
who developed a formal numbering system based on
units of 60, according to Robert E. and Carolyn Krebs’
book, Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments,
Inventions, and Discoveries of the Ancient World
Mathematics

11. Cuneiform

12. Governance
● By 3000 B.C., Mesopotamia was firmly under the control of
the Sumerian people. Sumer contained several
decentralized city-states—Eridu, Nippur, Lagash, Uruk, Kish
and Ur.
● The first king of a united Sumer is recorded as Etana of Kish.
It’s unknown whether Etana really existed, as he and many
of the rulers listed in the Sumerian King List that was
developed around 2100 B.C. are all featured in Sumerian
mythology as well.
Gutians
The final king of the Akkadian Empire, Shar-kali-sharri, died in
2193 B.C., and Mesopotamia went through a century of unrest,
with different groups struggling for control. The Gutian rule is
considered a disorderly one that caused a severe downturn in the
empire’s prospects.

13. Ur-Namma
● In 2100 B.C. the city of Ur attempted to
establish a dynasty for a new empire Under
Ur-Namma, the first code of law in recorded
history, The Code of Ur-Nammu, appeared.
Ur-Namma was attacked by both the
Elamites and the Amorites and defeated in
2004 B.C.
The Babylonians
Choosing Babylon as the capital, the Amorites
took control and established Babylonia.
Kings were considered deities and the most famous of
these was Hammurabi, who ruled 1792–1750 B.C.
Hammurabi worked to expand the empire, and the
Babylonians were almost continually at war.

14. Gilgamesh
• The legendary subject of the Epic of Gilgamesh, is
said to be Lugalbanda’s son. Gilgamesh is believed
to have been born in Uruk around 2700 B.C. King
Lugalzagesi was the final king of Sumer, falling to
Sargon of Akkad, a Semitic people, in 2334 B.C.
They were briefly allies, conquering the city of Kish
together, but Lugalzagesi’s mercenary Akkadian
army was ultimately loyal to Sargon.
Sargon and The Akkadian
The Akkadian Empire existed from 2234-2154
B.C. under the leadership of the now-titled Sargon
the Great. It was considered the world’s first
multicultural empire with a central government.

15. The Hittites
The Hittites, who were centered around Anatolia and
Syria, conquered the Babylonians around 1595 B.C.
The Hittites pulled out shortly after sacking Babylon, and the
Kassites took control of the city. Hailing from the mountains east
of Mesopotamia, their period of rule saw immigrants from India
and Europe arriving, and travel sped up thanks to the use of
horses with chariots and carts.
The Assyrians
The Assyrian Empire under the leadership of
Ashur-uballit I rose around 1365 B.C. in the areas
between the lands controlled by the Hittites and
the Kassites.
Around 1220 B.C., King Tukulti-Ninurta I aspired
to rule all of Mesopotamia and seized Babylon.
The Assyrian Empire continued to expand over
the next two centuries, moving into modern-
day Palestine and Syria.

16. Sargon II
A new dynasty began in 722 B.C. when Sargon II seized
power. Modeling himself on Sargon the Great, he divided the
empire into provinces and kept the peace.
Sargon II lost to the Chaldeans but switched to attacking Syria
and parts of Egypt and Gaza, embarking on a spree of conquest
before eventually dying in battle against the Cimmerians from
Russia.
Nebuchadnezzar
was a warrior-king, often described as the
greatest military leader of the Neo-Babylonian
empire. Under Nebuchadnezzar's reign, Neo-
Babylonian armies swept through the area,
leaving a trail of destruction including that of the
biblical kingdom of Judah, which was besieged and
destroyed.

17. Mesopotamian Gods
In Sumerian religion, the most powerful and
important deities in the pantheon were sometimes
called the "seven gods who decree": An, Enlil, Enki,
Ninhursag, Nanna, Utu, and Inanna.
The following is a list of the gods of the Mesopotamian
Pantheon but, as the Mesopotamian people
worshipped between 300 and 1000 different gods, it is
by no means a complete listing.

18. Mesopotamian Art
They too worked in gold, lapis, wood and clay.
They too made jewelry, musical instruments, small
statues, intricate chairs, weapons, and mosaics.
They continued the art of pottery. To the arts and
crafts of the Sumerians, they add massive
sculpture, which they created to represent and
honor their gods
The Persians Empire
were the first people to establish regular routes of
communication between three continents Africa, Asia and
Europe. They built many new roads and developed the world's
first postal service.

19. Conclusion
➢ Mesopotamia was the strongest civilization because of its great
Irrigation System and the controlling of water. It was strong because
of its Gov’t and the way the King ran the Kingdom with all of those
many duties. It was strong because of the great Code of Laws
written by Hammurabi. Lastly it is strong because of its perfect
religious strategies and how they treated the Gods. It is important
that you learn Mesopotamia because if you do not know
Mesopotamia you do not know the origins of the World.

20. CHINESE
CIVILIZATION

21. China
● China is part of East Asia. It is the largest of all Asian
countries and has the largest population of any country in
the world. Occupying nearly the entire East Asian landmass,
it covers approximately one-fourteenth of the land area of
Earth.
● Discover the over-3,000-year history of China: a brief history
with a China history timeline and introductions to the
dynasties and periods.
● China is one of the world’s five ancient civilizations, and
the written history of China dates back to the Shang
Dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC), over 3,000 years ago.

22. Shang Dynasty
The Shang Dynasty was the first to have
historical records remaining. Many bronze
objects and jade articles, which date back
to 1600 BC, have been found to support
these early archaeological records.
The earliest form of Chinese writing – oracle
bones – was found. The inscriptions on animal
bones had pictographic characters.

23. Qin Dynasty
The First Emperor — Qin Shi Huang was first
to use the title of emperor in China. He
and his Qin state united China by
conquering the other warring states, and
he ruled with an iron fist.
The dynasty was originated by the state of Qin,
one of the many small feudal states into
which China was divided between 771 and
221 BCE.

24. Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty ruled China from 206 B.C. to
220 A.D. and was the second imperial
dynasty of China. Though tainted by
deadly dramas within the royal court, it is
also known for its promotion of
Confucianism as the state religion.
“Confucianism,” that the ideas associated with
Kong Qiu's name received state support and
were disseminated generally throughout upper-
class society.

25. Tang Dynasty
After the short-lived Sui Dynasty, the powerful
and prosperous Tang Dynasty unified
China once again. The Tang Dynasty
continued with the Sui's imperial
examination system and optimized it.
It ruled for three centuries, and it was also the
golden age for poetry, painting, tricolored
glazed pottery, and woodblock printing.

26. Ming Dynasty
The founder, Zhu Yuanzhang, replaced the
waning Mongol Empire in China with the
Ming Dynasty. It was the last ethnic
Chinese dynasty, sandwiched between
two foreign ones. The Ming Dynasty
represented a long period of stability.
When his son and successor, Zhu Di, ascended
the throne, he started to build the Forbidden
City in Beijing. In 1421, he officially made
Beijing his capital.

27. Chinese Medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine is built on a foundation of more than 2,500 years of
Chinese medical practices that includes various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture,
massage, exercise and dietary therapy.

28. Inventions & Technology
Paper Making
Moveable Type
Printing

29. Inventions & Technology
Gunpowder Compass

30. Inventions & Technology
Silk
Mechanical Clock

31. Arts

32. Architecture
Great Wall of China
Forbidden City

33. Conclusion
➢ Science and technology in the Chinese Civilization is growing rapidly.
As the China has become better connected to the global economy, the
government has placed more emphasis on science and technology.
This has led to increases in funding, improved scientific structure, and
more money for research. These factors have led to advancements in
agriculture, medicine, genetics, and global change.

34. INDIA
CIVILIZATION

35. India is one of the oldest civilizations
in the world with a kaleidoscopic
variety and rich cultural heritage. It
has achieved all-round socio-
economic progress since
Independence.
•Bounded by the Great Himalayas in
the north, it stretches southwards
and at the Tropic of Cancer, tapers
off into the Indian Ocean between
the Bay of Bengal on the east and the
Arabian Sea on the west.

36. South Asia is one of the four early places
where human civilization began—similar to
Egypt (Nile), China (Yellow), and Iraq (Tigris
and Euphrates).
•The land of South Asia is dominated by three
main types of physical features. Mountains,
rivers, and the massive triangular-shaped
peninsula of India.

37. -Some of the oldest human in South
Asia back to around 75,000 years
ago. These early humans made tools
and lived a hunter/gatherer life. Also
artifacts indicate that around 5000
BCE, farming developed in South
Asia.

38. Ancient India is often called the
Harappa Civilization because one
of the ancient cities was called
Harappa.
•There are thousands of artifacts
with 400-600 different written
symbols. -soft clay with seals.
•Indus Script symbols have been
discovered in Mesopotamia

39. Vedic

40. The Vedic civilization is the earliest
civilization in the history of ancient
India.
•It is named after the Vedas, the
early literature of the Hindu people.
•The Vedic Civilization flourished
along the river Saraswati, in a region
that now consists of the modern
Indian states of Haryana and Punjab.

41. Ramayana and Mahabharata

42. The English word
'Aryan' comes
from the Sanskrit
word ārya

43. Culture of Indus Valley Civilization
01
Some Indus valley seals
show swastikas, which are
found in other religions
worldwide, especially in
Indian religions such as
Hinduism, Buddhism, and
Jainism
02
03
The earliest evidence
for elements of
Hinduism is alleged to
have been present
before and during the
early Harappan period.
Shiva lingam have been found in the Harappan
remains. One famous seal displayed a figure
seated in a posture reminiscent of the lotus
position, surrounded by animals. It came to be
labelled after Pashupati (lord of beasts), an
epithet of Shiva.

44. Religion
The goddess-centered religious system of the urban
civilization that developed in the Indus Valley of western
India approximately 2500 BCE and collapsed into a
succession of successor post urban village civilizations
after 1750 BCE is known as INDUS VALLEY RELIGION.

45. Hinduism
Jainism Buddhism

46. Writing System
Between 400 and as many as 600 distinct Indus
symbols have been found on seals, small tablets,
ceramic pots and more than a dozen other
materials, including a "signboard" that apparently
once hung over the gate of the inner citadel of the
Indus city of Dholavira.

47. Weights, Measurement and Metallurgy
Indus valley civilization was technically very much
developed and possessed good knowledge of
metallurgy and used standardized burnt bricks,
accurate weights, and cotton. There was a
standardized system of weights and measurements
along with calibration in multiple subdivisions. They
used Gold, Silver, Copper, Lapis Lazuli , Turquoise,
Amethyst, Alabaster, jade etc.

48. Arts and Crafts
Various sculptures, seals, pottery, gold
jewelry, and anatomically detailed figurines in
terracotta, bronze, and steatite have been
found at excavation sites. A number of gold,
terra- cotta and stone figurines of girls in
dancing poses. These terra-cotta figurines
included cows, bears, monkeys, and
dogs.signs

49. Trade and Transportation
The civilization’s economy appears to have depended
significantly on trade, which was facilitated by major advances
in transport technology. The Harappan Civilization may have
been the first to use wheeled transport, in the form of bullock
carts that are identical to those seen throughout South Asia
today. It also appears they built boats and watercraft—a
claim supported by archaeological discoveries of a massive,
dredged canal, and what is regarded as a docking facility at
the coastal city of Lothal.

50. Trade and Transportation

51. Irrigation System
Though the cities were located on banks of
rivers yet they had an innovative irrigation
system that led them achieve size and
prosperity. The irrigation system involved
artificial reservoirs (such as Girnar) and early
canal systems.

52. Pottery and Bead Making

53. Achievements

54. 01
Carefully Planned Cities The
cities of the Indus Valley
Civilization were well-organized
and solidly built out of brick and
stone
02
Their drainage systems, wells
and water storage systems
were the most sophisticated in
the ancient world.
03
Harappans evolved some new
techniques in metallurgy and
produced copper, bronze, lead,
and tin.
04
The engineering skill of the
Harappans was remarkable,
especially in building docks.