A brain–computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a mind-machine interface (MMI), direct neural interface (DNI), or brain–machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication pathway between an enhanced or wired brain and an external device. BCIs are often directed at researching, mapping, assisting, augmenting, or repairing human cognitive or sensory-motor functions.

1. BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE

2. AGENDA
o Introduction
o History
o Early Work
o Brain Computer Interface V/S Neuroprosthetics
o Human BCI Approaches
o Ethical Considerations
o Applications
o Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
o A Direct communication pathway between Brain &
external devices.
o An Artificial System which bypasses body’s normal
efferent pathways.
o Directly measures Brain activity associated to user’s intent
& maps it into control signals for BCI applications.
o a.k.a. MMI, BMI, DNI(Direct Neural), STI(Synthetic Tele.).

4. HISTORY
o Richard Carton : Laying foundation(s) for Hans Berger.
o Hans Berger’s discovery of electrical activity.
o Development of Electroencephalography (EEG).

5. EARLY WORK
o Algorithms to reconstruct movements from motor cortex
neuron were developed in 1970's.
o First experiment on Monkeys!
o Initial studies on Rats in 1990's!

6. BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE V/S NEUROPROSTHETIC
o Neuroprosthetics connects nervous system to an external
device…
WHEREAS
o BCI connects brain(or nervous system) to a computer
system…

7. o Invasive
o Non – Invasive
o Partially Invasive
HUMAN BCI APPROACHES

8. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
o Side-Effects (e.g. affect sleep quality).
o Doubting Research Ethics : Progressing from animal
experimentation to application in human subjects.
o Mind Reading & Privacy.
o Mind Control.
o Use of the technology in advanced interrogation
techniques by Governmental Authorities.

9. ADVANTAGES
o Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs.
o Transmit visual images to the mind of the blind person...in
order to provide means of visualization.
o Transmit auditory data to mind...which helps the deaf to
hear.
o Game Controlling.
o Allows a Mute person to express his/her thoughts via
computer.

10. DISADVANTAGES
o Still beginning...
o Current Technology is crude.
o Ethical Issues may prevent the Development!
o Electrodes inside the skull results in scars.

11. APPLICATIONS
o Bionics/Cybernetics.
o Memory Upload/Download.
o Dream Capture.
o Brain as Computer!
o “Google Search” via brain.

12. PROJECTS
o Brain Gate
o BCI 2000
o Australian Bionic Eye
o Honda Asimo Control
o Kevin Warwick-The First Human Cybord!
o Gaming Control.
o Many Other...

13. THANK YOU
WE
WELCOME
QUERIES
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