3. about me
• independent consultant, security & licensing auditor
• Microsoft Certified Trainer
• SQL Server MVP (six… years in a row)
• MVP Mentor Program Member
• SharePoint Subject Matter Expert at CQURE
• active blogger, influencer, technical writer
• last 9 years living in Data Processing Center Jungle
• last 15 years working arroung banking and ICT
• Polish Information Technology Society Board Member
• Information Security Systems Association Board Member
4. AGENDA
• PART ONE: Slide Talks
plan, compability, features, functionality
• PART TWO: Show Time
azure portal, database portal, management studio, 3rd party tools
• PART THREE: The Future of DBA
short discussion...
• APPENDIX
additional links, q&a
10. PART ONE: Azure Short Introduction
• Windows Azure
Compute:
Virtualized compute environment based
on Windows Server
Storage:
Durable, scalable, & available storage
Management:
Automated, model-driven management of the
service
• SQL Azure (cloud-based database)
Database:
Relational processing for structured/unstructured data
• App Fabric (.NET services)
Service Bus:
General purpose application bus
Access Control:
Rules-driven, claims-based access control
13. Data Centers for Azure Platform
North America
US Central - Iowa
US East – Virginia / US East 2 - Virginia
US Gov Iowa – Iowa / US Gov Virginia - Virginia
US North Central - Illinois
US South Central - Texas
US West – California
Asia
Asia Pacific East - Hong Kong
Asia Pacific Southeast – Singapore
Europe
North Europe - Dublin, Ireland
West Europe - Amsterdam, Netherlands
Japan
Japan East - Saitama Prefecture
Japan West - Osaka Prefecture
Oceania (announced, coming soon)
Australia - Sydney, New South Wales
Australia - Melbourne, Victoria
South America (preview)
Brasil - Sao Paulo,
Some datacenters have servers
grouped inside containers - each
containing
1800-2500 servers.
14. Security Requirements for Azure Platform
As a Service Provider Microsoft has an obligation to passing the several rules for security:
• ISO/IEC 27001:2005
• SAS 70 Type 1 and II
Also they passing (continuisly) several data securing audits:
• PCI DSS
• SOX compliance
• HIPAA compliance
And of course requirements for Data Centers:
• Physical security of the data centers (locks, cameras, biometric devices, card readers, alarms)
• Firewalls, application gateways and IDS to protect the network
• Access Control Lists (ACLs) applied to virtual local area networks (VLANs) and applications
• Authentication and authorization of persons or processes that request access to data
• Hardening of the servers and operating system instances
• Redundant internal and external DNS infrastructure with restricted write access
• Securing of virtual machine objects
• Securing of static and dynamic storage containers
15. Security Requirements
• ISO/IEC 27001:2005 Audit and Certification
ISO Scope: The following Azure features are in scope for the current ISO audit: Cloud Services (including Fabric and RDFE), Storage (Tables, Blobs, Queues), Virtual Machines (including with SQL
Server), Virtual Network, Traffic Manager, Web Sites, BizTalk Services, Media Services, Mobile Services, Service Bus, Workflow, Multi-Factor Authentication, Active Directory, Right Management
Service, SQL Database, and HDInsight. This includes the Information Security Management System (ISMS) for Azure, encompassing infrastructure, development, operations, and support for these
features. Also included are Power BI for Office 365 and Power Query Service.
• SOC 1 and SOC 2 SSAE 16/ISAE 3402 Attestations
Scope: The following Azure features are in scope for the current SOC 1 Type 2 and SOC 2 Type 2 attestations: Cloud Services (includes stateless Web, and Worker roles), Storage (Tables, Blobs,
Queues), Virtual Machines (includes persistent virtual machines for use with supported operating systems) and Virtual Network (includes Traffic Manager).
• United Kingdom G-Cloud Impact Level 2 Accreditation
Scope: The following Azure features are in scope for the IL2 accreditation: Virtual Machines, Cloud Services, Storage (Tables, Blobs, Queues, Drives), and Virtual Network.
• Cloud Security Alliance Cloud Controls Matrix
• Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP)
• Payment Card Industry (PCI) Data Security Standards (DSS) Level 1
• HIPAA Business Associate Agreement (BAA)
• Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)
18. Microsoft Azure Services
Azure Active Directory API Management Application Insights Automation Backup
Batch BizTalk Services Azure CDN Cloud Services Data Factory DocumentDB
Event Hubs ExpressRoute HDInsight Key Vault Machine Learning Managed
Cache Media Services Mobile Engagement Mobile Services Multi-Factor
Authentication Notification Hubs Operational Insights Redis Cache RemoteApp
Scheduler Azure Search Service Bus Site Recovery SQL Database Storage
StorSimple Stream Analytics Traffic Manager Virtual Machines Virtual Network
Visual Studio Online Websites
19. SQL Database in the Cloud
A relational database-as-a-service that makes tier-1
capabilities easily accessible
◦ Scalable to thousands of databases
◦ Predictable performance you can dial up or down
◦ Availability-backed by replicas & uptime SLA
◦ Data protection via auditing, restore & geo-replication
◦ Programmatic DBA-like functionality for efficient DevOps
◦ Self-managed for near-zero maintenance
20. Virtual Machines
Launch Windows Server and Linux in minutes
◦Scale from 1 to 1000s of VM Instances
◦Built-in Virtual Networking, Load Balancing
◦Leverage Hybrid Consistency with On-Premises
◦Microsoft SQL Server and SharePoint Server
◦Oracle, MySQL, Redis, MongoDB
◦Save money with per-minute billing
21. HDInsight
Our 100% Apache Hadoop-based service in the cloud
◦Scale to petabytes on demand
◦Process unstructured and semi-structured data
◦Develop in Java, .NET, and more
◦No hardware to buy or maintain
◦Pay only for what you use
◦Spin up a Hadoop cluster in minutes
◦Visualize your Hadoop data in Excel
◦Easily integrate on-premises Hadoop clusters
22. Machine Learning
Powerful cloud-based predictive analytics
◦Designed for new and experienced users
◦Proven algorithms from MS Research, Xbox and Bing
◦First class support for the open source language R
◦Seamless connection to HDInsight for big data solutions
◦Deploy models to production in minutes
◦Pay only for what you use. No hardware or software to buy.
23. Express Route
Experience a faster, private connection to Azure
◦ Private Connections to Azure
◦ Increased reliability and speed
◦ Lower latencies
◦ Higher security
◦ Significant cost benefits possible
◦ Directly connect from your WAN
24. Key Vault
Safeguard cryptographic keys and other secrets used by cloud apps and services
◦Increase security and control over keys and passwords
◦Create and import encryption keys in minutes
◦Applications have no direct access to keys
◦Use FIPS 140-2 Level 2 certified HSMs
◦Reduce latency with cloud scale and global redundancy
25. Traffic Manager
Geo-route incoming traffic to your app for better performance and availability
◦Improve app availability with automatic failover
◦Increase your app’s responsiveness
◦Enable smooth cloud migration
◦Distribute your app traffic equally or with weighted values
◦A/B test new deployments
◦Seamlessly combine on-premises and cloud
26. Operational Insights
Gain deeper insight into your environments
◦Collect, search and visualize machine data
◦Manage and forecast the capacity of your infrastructure
◦Assess the safety and security of your servers
◦Track server configuration changes
◦Proactively avoid workload problems
◦Ensure your servers are up to date
27. Visual Studio Online
Ship better software with Visual Studio Online
◦ Free for up to five users
◦ Unlimited private source code repositories
◦ Use Visual Studio, Eclipse, or your own tools
◦ Track bugs, work items, feedback and more
◦ Monitor your apps and services
◦ Scales to any team size
28. Service Provisioning Model
• Each account has zero or more servers
‒ Azure wide, provisioned in a common portal
‒ Billing instrument
• Each server has one or more databases
‒ Contains metadata about the databases and usage
‒ Unit of authentication
‒ Unit of Geo-location
‒ Generated DNS based name
• Each database has standard SQL objects
‒ Unit of consistency
‒ Unit of multi-tenancy
‒ Contains Users, Tables, Views, Indices, etc.
‒ Most granular unit of billing
Account
Server
Database
34. Architecture
• Shared infrastructure at SQL database and below
‒ Request routing, security and isolation
• Scalable HA technology provides the glue
‒ Automatic replication and failover
• Provisioning, metering and billing infrastructure
Machine 5
SQL Instance
SQL DB
User
DB1
User
DB2
User
DB3
User
DB4
Scalability and Availability: Fabric, Failover, Replication, and Load balancing
SDS Provisioning (databases, accounts, roles, …, Metering, and Billing
Machine 6
SQL Instance
SQL DB
User
DB1
User
DB2
User
DB3
User
DB4
Machine 4
SQL Instance
SQL DB
User
DB1
User
DB2
User
DB3
User
DB4
Scalability and Availability: Fabric, Failover, Replication, and Load balancing
35. SQL Azure few days ago
We want to work with SQL Azure (oops SQL Database)
Size does matter?
◦Personal: 1GB, 5GB
◦Business: 10GB, 20 GB, 30 GB, 40 GB, 50 GB, 100 GB, 150 GB (3x50)
◦“Private”: less than 100 MB ($4.995 / month)
Version does matter?
◦10.25 my first experience, but after July 2011 Service Release…
◦11.0.9214.51 now > close to SQL Server 2012
Row Versioning-Based Isolation Levels
◦Both the READ_COMMITTED_SNAPSHOT and ALLOW_SNAPSHOT_ISOLATION database
options are set to ON in Microsoft Azure SQL Database.
◦Because SET <snapshot_option> in the ALTER DATABASE Transact-SQL statement is not
supported, these database options cannot be changed.
error msg 40544:
The database has reached its size quota. Partition or delete data, drop indexes, or consult the documentation for
possible resolutions.
36. SQL Azure now
Size does matter?
◦ Personal: 1GB, 5GB
◦ Business: 10GB, 20 GB, 30 GB, 40 GB, 50 GB, 100 GB, 150 GB (3x50)
◦ “Private”: less than 100 MB ($4.995 / month)
Size does matter!
◦BASIC
• size: 100MB, 500MB, 1GB, 2GB
• performance: 5DTU
◦STANDARD
• size: 100MB, 500MB, 1GB, 2GB, 5GB, 10GB, 20GB, 30GB, 40GB, 50GB, 100GB, 150GB,
200GB, 250GB
• performance: S0 10DTU, S1 20DTU, S2 50DTU
◦PREMIUM
• size: 100MB, 500MB, 1GB, 2GB, 5GB, 10GB, 20GB, 30GB, 40GB, 50GB, 100GB, 150GB,
200GB, 250GB, 500GB
• performance: P10 100DTU, P2 200DTU, SP3 800DTU
What is DTU
DTUs provide a way to describe the relative capacity of a performance level of Basic, Standard, and Premium
databases. DTUs are based on a blended measure of CPU, memory, reads, and writes.
37. PART ONE: SQL Azure and DTU
Service Tier
Performance Level
DTU MAX DB Size
Max Concurrent
Requests
Max Concurrent
Logins
Max Sessions
Benchmark
Transaction Rate
Predictability
Basic 5 2 GB 30 30 300
16,600
transactions per
hour
Good
Standard/S0 10 250 GB 60 60 600
521 transactions
per minute
Better
Standard/S1 20 250 GB 90 90 900
934 transactions
per minute
Better
Standard/S2 50 250 GB 120 120 1,200
2,570 transactions
per minute
Better
Standard/S3 100 250 GB 200 200 2,400
5,100 transactions
per minute
Better
Premium/P1 125 500 GB 200 200 2,400
105 transactions
per second
Best
Premium/P2 250 500 GB 400 400 4,800
228 transactions
per second
Best
Premium/P4 500 500 GB 800 800 9,600
447 transactions
per second
Best
Premium/P6
(formerly P3)
1000 500 GB 1,600 1,600 19,200
735 transactions
per second
Best
38. SQL Azure Collation
Collation does it matter?
◦default database collation used by Microsoft Azure SQL Database is
SQL_LATIN1_GENERAL_CP1_CI_AS, where LATIN1_GENERAL is English (United States), CP1 is code
page 1252, CI is case-insensitive, and AS is accent-sensitive
SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS
◦When using an on-premise SQL Server, you can set collations at server, database, column, and
expression levels.
◦Microsoft Azure SQL Database does not allow setting the collation at the server level.
◦To use the non-default collation with Microsoft Azure SQL Database, set the collation with the Create
Database Collate option, or at the column level or the expression level.
◦SQL Database does not support the Collate option with the Alter Database command.
◦By default, in SQL Database, temporary data will have the same collation as the database
39. users, migration, automation,
Naming, Logins, Users
◦Admin, administrator, guest, root, sa
Data Migration Support
◦You can use:
• SQL Server 2008 Integration Services (SSIS)
• The bulk copy utility (BCP.exe)
• System.Data.SqlClient.SqlBulkCopy class
• Scripts that use INSERT statements to load data into the database
• SQL Data Compare from Red Gate
◦You can't use:
• The RESTORE statement.
• Attaching a database to the SQL Database server.
No SQL Server Agent (almost)
No SQL Server jobs
No SQL Server Browser
40. Indexes
Indexes, of course indexes
◦You MUST use CLUSTERED INDEX with your (Azure) SQL Database.
◦Heap tables are not supportes, so You MUST create CLUSTERED
INDEX before INSERT will be executed
error msg 40054:
Tables without a clustered index are not supported in this version of SQL Server.
Create a clustered index and try again.
CREATE TABLE Source (Id int NOT NULL
IDENTITY, [Name] nvarchar(max),
CONSTRAINT [PK_Source] PRIMARY KEY
CLUSTERED
(
[Id] ASC
))
41. SQL Database
Closed connections to the service… by the service
Because of multi-tenant :
◦Excessive resource usage
◦Connections that have been idle for 30 minutes or longer (Program assuming
your connection is going to fail)
◦Failover because of server failures
errors:
40197, 40501, 40544, 40549, 40550, 40551, 40552, 40553, 40613
42. Sample of SQL Compability
In Scope for v1
• Constants
• Constraints
• Cursors
• Index management and rebuilding indexes
• Local temporary tables
• Reserved keywords
• Stored procedures
• Statistics management
• Transactions
• Triggers
• Tables, joins, and table variables
• Transact-SQL language elements such as
• Create/drop databases
• Create/alter/drop tables
• Create/alter/drop users and logins
• and so on.
• User-defined functions
• Views
Out of Scope for v1
Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Database file placement
Database mirroring
Distributed queries
Distributed transactions
Filegroup management
Global temporary tables
Spatial data and indexes
SQL Server configuration options
SQL Server Service Broker
System tables
Trace Flags
Physical server or catalog DDL and views
43. SQL Server 2005 {9.0} NON-Compability
• Common Language Runtime (CLR) and CLR User-Defined Types
• Database Mirroring
• Service Broker
• Table Partitioning
• Typed XML and XML indexing is not supported. The XML data type is supported by
SQL Azure.
44. SQL Server 2008 {10.0} NON-Compability
• Change Data Capture
• Data Auditing
• Data Compression
• Extended Events
• External Key Management / Extensible Key Management
• FILESTREAM Data
• Integrated Full-Text Search
• Large User-Defined Aggregates (UDAs)
• Large User-Defined Types (UDTs)
• Performance Data Collection (Data Collector)
• Policy-Based Management
• Resource Governor
• SQL Server Replication
• Transparent Data Encryption
45. SQL Server 2008R2 {10.50} NON-Compability
• SQL Server Utility
• SQL Server PowerShell Provider
• Master Data Services
SQL Server Management Studio
does not support Windows Azure SQL Database in versions prior to SQL Server 2008 R2
46. Windows Azure DB {General} Compability
• The compatibility level of V12 is 120, which was
introduced with SQL 2014.
• And while the boxed product supports 3 different
compatibility levels
• one current
• and two previous ones,
• Azure SQL Database currently supports 4:
• 100, 110, 120 and 130.
ALTER DATABASE DemoDB
SET COMPATIBILITY_LEVEL = 110
47. Connection Model
When writing applications for Windows Azure SQL Database, you can use the following drivers and libraries:
• .NET Framework Data Provider for SQL Server (System.Data.SqlClient) from the .NET Framework 3.5
Service Pack 1 or later.
• Entity Framework from the .NET Framework 3.5 Service Pack 1 or later.
• SQL Server 2008 R2 Native Client ODBC driver. SQL Server 2008 Native Client ODBC driver is also
supported, but has less functionality.
• SQL Server 2008 Driver for PHP version 1.1 or later.
• An updated version of SQL Server JDBC Driver 3.0 that supports SQL Database.
• Windows Azure SQL Database supports tabular data stream (TDS) protocol client version 7.3 or later.
Earlier versions of TDS protocol are not supported.
• Connecting to Windows Azure SQL Database by using OLE DB or ADO is not supported
• Support for ASP.NET controls
• Clients connect directly to a database
48. Security Model
Uses regular SQL security model
◦Authenticate logins, map to users and roles
◦Authorize users and roles to SQL objects
Support for standard SQL Auth logins
◦Username + password
AD Federation, WLID – Windows Live ID, etc as alternate authentication
protocols
[admin, administrator, guest, root, sa]
Security model is 100% compatible with on-premise SQL
49. Scenarios for V1
Departmental Applications
◦Simple application built by individual or department
◦Need simple deployment, self-management, IT: “Empowerment and
Governance”
Web Applications
◦Small business or startup that uses the cloud as their IT
◦Simple deployment, self-management, scale on demand
ISV
◦ISV hosting software on behalf of customer
◦Multi-tenant support for billing and isolation
Data Hub (Shortly After V1)
◦Sharing and aggregating of data across tiers and across enterprises
◦Centralized place for data, high scale, sync with existing data sources
50. Points of Difference
Point of Difference On-premise SQL Server Windows Azure SQL Database
Where you manage server-level
security
The Security folder in SQL Server Management
Studio'sObject Explorer
The master database
Server-level security role for creating
logins
securityadmin fixed server role loginmanager database role in the master database
Commands for managing logins
CREATE LOGIN CREATE LOGIN
ALTER LOGIN ALTER LOGIN
DROP LOGIN DROP LOGIN
(There are some parameter limitations and you must be connected
to the master database)
View that shows all logins
sys.syslogins (sys.sql_logins for SQL Server
authentication logins)
sys.sql_logins
(You must be connected to the master database)
Server-level role for creating databases dbcreator fixed database role dbmanager database role in the master database
Command for creating a database CREATE DATABASE
CREATE DATABASE
(There are some parameter limitations and you must be connected
to the master database)
Dropping databases DROP DATABASE
DROP DATABASE
If a user is in the dbmanager role, they have permission
to DROP any database, regardless of which user originally created
it.
View that lists all databases
sys.databases sys.databases
(view) (You must be connected to the master database)
51. SQL Database Federations
One or more tables within a database are split by row and portioned across multiple databases
(federation members) /sharding/
A federation is a collection of database partitions that are:
◦defined by a federation distribution scheme, known as the federation scheme.
◦federation scheme defines a federation distribution key,
◦ (which determines the distribution of data to partitions within the federation)
◦federation distribution key must be an INT, BIGINT, UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, or VARBINARY
◦only one federation scheme and one federation distribution key for a federation.
52. PART ONE: Adventure with WASD
Adventure…
… of course Adventure Works 2012 for SQL Database
Adventure Works for SQL Server 2012
◦Release date: March 2012
Adventure Works for SQL Azure
◦Release date: April 2012
58. PART THREE: Future of the DBA’s
SQL Server on Premise
◦same job (almost like always)
◦same tasks, planning, architecture
◦same problems
◦same fun especially with new versions every… two years?
59. PART THREE: Future of the DBA’s
New horizons, new skills
◦SQL as a servis (SQL Azure Database)
◦not very new but still new concepto of work
◦some restriction (in minus)
◦some improvements (such a security)
60. PART THREE: Future of the DBA’s
Automation behind our business
someone (in MS DC) making half of our job
we can forget about few important features/tasks:
◦tempdb
◦mirroring
◦auditing
◦backup & restore
what is our role?
63. Very Important Article
Authors: Conor Cunningham, Tobias Ternström, Silvano Coriani, Ewan Fairweather
Contributing Author: Ralph Squillace
http://bit.ly/WIHlDL
64. MSDN SQL Database District
Windows Azure SQL Database (formerly SQL Azure) |
What's New in Windows Azure SQL Database (formerly SQL Azure)
◦Backward Compatibility in Windows Azure SQL Database
◦Known Issues in Windows Azure SQL Database
◦Introducing Windows Azure SQL Database
◦Tutorials
◦Feedback and Community Information
◦Windows Azure Platform Management Portal
◦Windows Azure SQL Database Concepts
◦Administration
◦Development
◦Guidelines and Limitations
◦Management REST API Reference
◦Transact-SQL Reference
◦Errors and Exceptions Reference
http://bit.ly/H0Wdfx
65. APPENDIX: additional links
• Red Gate Cloud Ready Services
• http://cloudservices.red-gate.com/
• Windows Azure DataCenter Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JJ44hEr5DFE
• General Guidelines and Limitations (Windows Azure SQL Database)
• http://bit.ly/11wB6cK
• Adventure Works for SQL Database (formerly SQL Azure)
• http://bit.ly/125s0W0
• Federations: Building Scalable, Elastic, and Multi-tenant Database Solutions
• http://bit.ly/ZxzjmQ | http://bit.ly/15GzIEE
• Error Messages (Windows Azure SQL Database)
• http://bit.ly/17tnQtE
• Compare SQL Server with Windows Azure SQL Database
• http://bit.ly/15RyB5u
66. APPENDIX: additional links
• Trust Center: Security, Privacy and Compliance Information for Office 365 and Microsoft
Dynamics CRM Online
• http://bit.ly/1q4i8bY
• Announcing PCI DSS compliance and expanded ISO certification for Windows Azure
• http://bit.ly/1tyt7vE
• Windows Azure cloud services achieve critical federal security milestone
• http://bit.ly/1osDHfi
• INFOSYS – Microsoft Data Access Technologies SWOT
• http://infy.com/1kgujKC
• One year in, and the use cases for Microsoft's SQL Azure are becoming clear
• http://bit.ly/TYWRRV
67. APPENDIX: additional links
• New Levels of Security via Machine Learning & Combined Data Sets
• http://bit.ly/1s6seth
• Predict What's Next: Getting Started on Azure Machine Learning - Part 1
• http://bit.ly/1BLfWq1
• Predict What's Next: How to Get Started with Machine Learning Part 2
• http://bit.ly/1BLg099
• Introducing Elastic Scale preview for Azure SQL Database
• http://bit.ly/1xZk5sG
• New D-Series Virtual Machine Sizes
• http://bit.ly/10IapFg
68. APPENDIX: additional links
• Windows Azure IT Camp Resources–Slide Deck and Hands-on-Lab
• http://blogs.technet.com/b/bobh/archive/2013/09/18/windows-azure-it-camp-resources-slide-deck-and-hands-on-
lab.aspx#sthash.yFgxwPLv.dpuf
• Microsoft Azure Free one month trial
• http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/free-trial/?WT.mc_id=AB7B32386
• Microsoft Virtual Academy
• http://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/free-trial/?WT.mc_id=AB7B32386
• Introducing Elastic Scale preview for Azure SQL Database
• http://azure.microsoft.com/blog/2014/10/02/introducing-elastic-scale-preview-for-azure-sql-database/
• Performance Best Practices for SQL Server in Azure Virtual Machines
• http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-
us/library/azure/dn133149.aspx?WT.mc_id=Social_SQL_General_DI&WT.mc_id=Social_FB_OutgoingPromotion_20140922_906696
19_Microsoft%20SQL%20Server%20-%20sqlserver&linkId=9703972
69. SQL Database Migration Wizard
v3.11 & v4.11 & v5.11
SQL Database Migration Wizard (SQLAzureMW) is designed to help you migrate your SQL Server
2005/2008/2012/2014 databases to Azure SQL Database.
• Requirements
• SQLAzureMW v3x and tools requires .NET Framework 3.5 and SQL Server 2008 R2 SP1
• SQLAzureMW v4x and tools requires .NET Framework 4.5 and SQL Server 2012
• SQLAzureMW v5x and tools requires .NET Framework 4.5 and SQL Server 2014
• AzureMWBatchBackup:
• This is used to create a backup of a database schema and data. The data is downloaded via BCP. The TSQL output
from SQLAzureMWBatchBackup can be used by SQLAzureMW or SQLAzureMWBatchUpload.
• SQLAzureMWBatchUpload:
• Takes the output from SQLAzureMW or SQLAzureMWBatchBackup and runs it against the target Azure SQL
Database (or SQL Server) server.