1. Nuclear power
plant

2. Introduction
• The Power Plant which uses nuclear energy of
radioactive material (Uranium or Thorium)
converted into Electrical Energy is known as
Nuclear Power Plant.
• we studied how electricity produced with the
help of water & coal (known as Hydro &
Thermal Power Plant). But, now a day’s our
population as well as industrial sector

3. Internal Par
ts of Nucle
ar Power
Plant

4. Working
principle
:
similar way as a thermal power
plant. The difference between the
two is in the fuel they use to heat
the water in the boiler(steam
generator).
• Inside a nuclear power station,
energy is released by nuclear
fission in the core of the reactor.
• 1 kg of Uranium U235 can
produce as much energy as the
burning of 4500 tonnes of high
grade variety of coal or 2000
tonnes of oil.

5. Nuclear Chain
Reaction
• A chain reaction refers to a
process in which neutrons
released in fission produce an
additional fission in at least one
further nucleus. This nucleus in
turn produces neutrons, and the
process repeats. If the process
is controlled it is used for

6. Nuclear
chain
reactio
n

7. Nuclear
Fission
material like uranium into two
or more fragments with release
of enormous amount of
energy.
• The nucleus of U235 is
bombarded with high energy
neutrons.
• The neutrons produced are
very fast and can be made to
fission other nuclei of U235,
thus setting up a chain
reaction.
• Out of 2.5 neutrons released

8. fission Neutrons
released in
fission

9. Nuclear
Fusion
• Nuclear fusion is a reaction in
which two or more atomic
nuclei are combined to form
one or more different atomic
nuclei and subatomic particles
(neutrons or protons). The
difference in mass between the
reactants and products is
manifested as either the
release or absorption of
energy.

10. control
rods
• Control rods are
used in nuclear
reactors to control the
fission rate of
uranium or plutonium.
Their compositions
includes chemical
elements such as

11. Control rods

12. Nuclear re
actor
• A nuclear reactor is a device in
which nuclear chain reactions
are initiated, controlled, and
sustained at a steady rate, as
opposed to a nuclear bomb, in
which the chain reaction
occurs in a fraction of a
second and is uncontrolled
causing an explosion

13. Nuclear reactor

14. Steam
Generat
ors
• Steam generators are heat
exchangers used to convert
water into steam from heat
produced in a nuclear reactor
core.
• Either ordinary water or heavy
water is used as the coolant

15. Steam
turbine
• A steam turbine is a
mechanical device that
extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam, and
converts it into useful
mechanical energy
• Various high-performance
alloys and super alloys have
been used for steam turbine.

16. Some of steam turbines

17. Coolant
pump
• The coolant pump pressurizes
the coolant to pressures of the
order of 155bar.
• The pressure of the coolant
loop is maintained almost
constant with the help of the
pump and a pressurized unit

18. Cooling
tower
• Cooling towers are heat
removal devices used to
transfer process waste heat to
the atmosphere.
• Water circulating through the
condenser is taken to the
cooling tower for cooling and
reuse

19. Feed
pump
• Steam coming out of the
turbine, flows through the
condenser for condensation
and re-circulated for the next
cycle of operation
• The feed pump circulates the
condensed water in the
working fluid loop.

20. Advantage
• Nuclear power generation does emit relatively low
amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). The emissions of
green house gases and therefore the contribution of
nuclear power plants to global warming is therefore
relatively little.
• This technology is readily available, it does not
have to be developed first.
• It is possible to generate a high amount of electrical

21. Disadvantage
• The hindrance in the growth of nuclear energy is due to
many complex reasons, and a major component is the
nuclear waste. The further implementations of nuclear
power are limited because although nuclear energy does
not produce CO2 the way fossil fuels do, there is still a
toxic byproduct produced from uranium-fueled nuclear
cycles: radioactive fission waste.
• The final disadvantage is the plant's concentrated level of
capital. Although the fuel cost to produce power using
nuclear energy is relatively low, there is still the necessity

22. Site
selection
• Availability of water.
• Distance from load center.
• Distance from populated area.
• Accessibility to site.
• Waste disposal.

23. THank you
Made by Antar Dutta