1. Climate Change &
Renewable Energy:
A Case Study in
India
Date: 08/04/2020
Subtitle

2.  Viable Alternative
 Fossil fuel are more expensive
 Environmental concerns/GreenTechnology and sustainability
 Multiple/limitless fuel to turn a Renewable Energy Infrastructure like wind, solar and wastes
 Increase range ofTechnologies
 Cost effective than its alternative
A successful renewable energy project is a one that
 Links energy with social Impacts
 Meets needs
 Use appropriate and proven technology that will effectively us alternative energy source at the same time reduces and
eliminate carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases
 Is reliable and sustainable
 Is economically viable
Why use Renewable Energy?
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3. Issues in the management &
development of Renewable Energy
Projects
THE POLICY ISSUES
 Feed-in-tariff requirement
 Bias towards fossil fuels
TECHNOLOGY ISSUES
 Lack of inventions
 Requirement of ProvenTechnologies
 Compliance under international
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4. Renewable energy sources/potential
 Renewables can also replace fossil fuels
 The country possesses renewables
energy sources in abundance the
potential capacity is estimated to be
126,000MW(2006) with an projected
175, 000GW projected for (2030).
largest source (79,000 MW) including
ocean, thermal and tidal/wave power
Major renewable energy sources of
interest to us are biogas, improved
cooking stoves, biomass, solar energy,
wind energy, small hydro power, energy
recovery from wastes and other new
and emerging technologies.

5. Renewable energy sources/potential
Indian renewable energy
programme (IREP)
India has the largest decentralized
solar energy programme
Second largest biogas and improved
stove programme
 Fourth largest wind power
programme in the world
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6. Renewable Energy
• Data in the table predicts that while
several technologies have made
considerable progress, the
achievements as compared to
potential are still very small.
• Although considerable experience
and capabilities exist on renewable
electricity technologies including
the development of indigenous
biomass gasifier technology and
manufacturing base for wind power
and solar photovoltaic, a number of
barriers still remain to be overcome.
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7. Current & Future Renewable Energy Potential of
India in Her Quest to Combat GHGs Emission
India is one of the few countries on
its way to meet its Nationally
Determined Commitments stated in
the Paris Agreement in 2015
India is committed to achieving
175GW by 2022.
India further commits to increase its
renewable energy capacity to
450GW.
Achieving 450 GW of renewable
energy capacity would be more than
five times the country’s current
renewable capacity at around 81 GW
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8. Wind Energy Potential
Wind energy
is one of the fastest growing renewable
resources in terms of installed capacity
India has the second-highest wind capacity
in Asia and fouth-highest globally, with a
total capacity of 35 GW, next to
Germany(59.3), US(96.4) and China(221).
The country has the third- and fourth-largest
onshore wind farms in the world -- the 1,500-
MW Muppandal wind farm inTamil Nadu and
the 1,064-MW JaisalmerWind Park in
Rajasthan.
Biomass power : cogeneration and
gasifiers
Biomass is potentially the world's largest and
most sustainable energy source. Biomass is and
will remain central to any strategy for
determining a rural energy solution.
In a country like India, biomass holds considerable
promise as 540 million tons of crop and plantation
residues are produced every year, a large portion
of which is either wasted, or used inefficiently.
 3rd largest potential at 10.2GW, next to the
US(16.2) and China (17.8)
Bio-ethanol and bio-diesel are now produced
which can be used to fuel transport sector
 Cogeneration technology, with socio-economic
benefits to produce both process heat and
electricity, based on multiple and sequential use
of a fuel for generation of steam and power, aims
at surplus power generation in process industries
such as sugar mills, paper mills, rice mills and
wastes like rice husk, coconut, wood and
agriculture waste.
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9. Biomass Power: Cogeneration & Gasification
 Since biomass fuels have high
nitrogen content, control of NOx
would also need to be addressed.
It have been estimated that around
one-third the land area of the
country or around 10,000,000 ha is
waste-lands, which can be put to use
in a major way for energy crop
plantations to combat Global
Warming.
Biofuel, whose characteristics can
be made more or less to resemble
diesel with transesterification, is a
promising alternate fuel.
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10. Hydro Power
 India is blessed with immense amount of hydro-electric
potential and ranks 5th in terms of exploitable hydro-
potential on global scenario. As per assessment made
by CEA, India is endowed with economically exploitable
hydro-power potential to the tune of 1 48 700 MW of
installed capacity.
 In addition, 56 number of pumped storage projects
have also been identified with probable installed
capacity of 94 000 MW. In addition to this, hydro-
potential from small, mini & micro schemes has been
estimated as 6 782 MW from 1 512 sites.Thus, in totality
, India is endowed with hydro-potential of about 2 50
000 MW

11. Small Hydro Power
The total installed capacity of India is 36878 MW
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12. State-wise details of the potential and
installed/under installation projects
• SHP projects installed in Private
Sector
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13. Solar Photovoltaic Energy Potential
 Solar power in India is a fast developing
industry.
 The country's solar installed capacity reached
34.404 GW as of 29 February 2020.
 India has the lowest capital cost per MW
globally to install solar power plants
 With about 300 clear and sunny days in a
year, the calculated solar energy incidence on
India's land area is about 5000
trillion kilowatt-hours (kWh) per year (or
5 EWh/yr)
 The solar energy available in a single year
exceeds the possible energy output of all of
the fossil fuel energy reserves in India
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14. Installed cumulative national and state-wise capacity
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16. Geothermal Potential
• The best geothermal fields are located
within well-defined belts of geologic
activity.
• The estimated potential for geothermal
energy in India is about 10000 MW
• Low–medium temperature geothermal
resources exist at seven geothermal
provinces in India in the form of 400
thermal springs with surface temperatures
varying from 47 – 98°C (2006)
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17. Ocean Energy
Ocean can produce two types of
energy: thermal energy from the sun's heat,
and mechanical energy from the tides and
waves.The fact that the marine renewable
sector is less well developed than other
energy industries presents companies with
both opportunities and challenges
A way of converting the energy of tides into
electric power. A tidal barrage works in a
similar way to that of a hydroelectric scheme,
except that the dam is much bigger and
spans a river estuary.
The identified economic tidal power
potential in India is of the order of 8000-9000
MW with about 7000 MW in the Gulf of
Cambay about 1200 MW in the Gulf of
Kachchh and less than 100 MW in
Sundarbans.
Company Class Technology Country Year Stage
Aqua Marine
Power
Tidal
Horizontal
Axis Turbine
UK 2007 Prototype
Verdant
Power
Tidal
Horizontal
Axis Turbine
US 2000 Commercial
Marine
Current
Turbines
Tidal
Horizontal
Axis Turbine
UK 2000 Commercial
SMD
Hydrovision
Tidal
Horizontal
Axis Turbine
UK 2003 Prototype
Open-Hydro Tidal
Open Center
Turbine
Ireland 2006
Pre-
Commercial
Hammerfest
Strom
Tidal
Horizontal
Axis Turbine
Norway 2007 Pilot
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18. Tidal Barriers: Problems Faced in ExploitingTidal
Energy
• Intermittent supply - Cost and environmental
problems, particularly barrage systems are
less attractive than some other forms of
renewable energy. Global estimates put the
price of generation at 13-15 cents/kWh (no
Indian estimates available)
• Cost -The disadvantages of using tidal and
wave energy must be considered before
jumping to conclusion that this renewable,
clean resource is the answer to all our
problems.The main detriment is the cost of
those plants.
• Only provides power for around 10 hours
each day, when the tide is actually moving in
or out.
• Present designs do not produce a lot of electricity,
and barrages across river estuaries can change the
flow of water and, consequently, the habitat for
birds and other wildlife
• Expensive to construct
• Power is often generated when there is little
demand for electricity
• Limited construction locations
• Barrages may block outlets to open water.
Although locks can be installed, this is often a
slow and expensive process.
• Barrages affect fish migration and other wildlife-
many fish like salmon swim up to the barrages
and are killed by the spinning turbines.
• Fish ladders may be used to allow passage for the
fish, but these are never 100% effective.
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19. Wave power
Ocean wave energy is captured directly
from surface waves or from pressure
fluctuations below the surface.Wave power
systems convert the motion of the waves
into usable mechanical energy which in
lump can be used to generate electricity.
The potential along the 6000 Km of coast is
about 40,000 MW
Primary estimates indicate that the annual
wave energy potential along the Indian
coast is between 5 MW to 15 MW per
meter, thus a theoretical potential for a
coast line of nearly 6000 KW works out to
40000-60000 MW approximately. However,
the realistic and economical potential is
likely to be considerably less.
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20. Climate change mitigation initiatives
Three major advantages of renewable energy resources are:
 Firstly, these powers will never run out.
 Secondly, these reduce dependence on current power sources.
 Most importantly, they put extra burden on environment by reducing Carbon dioxide
emissions.
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21. ThankYou
Q & A
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