2. DEFINITION
RE + SEARCH
RE … Again
SEARCH … Examine closely / Carefully
RESEARCH
Search for facts , answer to research
questions and solution for the problem
4. 1 EMPIRICAL
Based on direct observations by the
Researchers
2 LOGICAL
Based on valid principles and
Procedures
3 CYCLICAL
Research starts with a problem and
Ends with a problem
5. 4 ANALYTICAL
Utilises proven analytical procedures
5 CRITICAL
Exhibits precise and careful judgement
6 METHODICAL
Conducted in a methodical manner
7 REPLICABILITY
Research design and procedures are
repeated to enable the researchers
to arrive at valid and conclusive results
8. NURSING RESEARCH
Nursing research is systematic inquiry
designed to develop knowledge about
issues of importance to the nursing
profession,
o nursing practice
o Education
o administration
o and informatics.
9. PURPOSE OF NURSING RESEARCH
IDENTIFICATION
DESCRIPTION
EXPLORATION
EXPLANATION
PREDICTION AND CONTROL
15. 1)IDENTIFICATION OF
RESEARCH PROBLEM
To decide what do you want to find out
2 steps
1 Understand thoroughly
2 Rephrase the same in to meaningful terms
Consider
1 Feasibility 2 Fund 3 Expertise
4 Knowledge 5 Statistical analysis
16. Source of research problem
1. Personal Experience
2. Previous research
3. Existing theory
4. Social & current issues
17. Question. >>>>> Answer
Not been investigated
Investigatable
Leads to another Question
GOAL
OBJECTIVE
18. GOAL
Achievable outcome that is generally
broad and longer term
OBJECTIVE
Measurable actions to achieve an over
all goal
1 Specific 2 Measurable 3 Attainable
4 Relevant 5 Time bound
19.
20. 2)REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Body of prior work related to a
research problem
Reviews previous researches :
Familiar with several known and
unknown
21. PURPOSE OF ROL
Gives an idea about the variables
which are practically and
conceptually important and
unimportant in the related field
Provides an estimate of previous
work and it’s meaningful extension
Systemising the expanding and
growing body of knowledge
Conclusions : variables under study
Redefine the variables and
determine their relation among
themselves
22. SOURCES OF ROL
Manual
Journals
Books
Government Documents
Electronic
Internet
MEDLINE
23. TIPS FOR ROL
Use all possible sources
Never put limit for information
Collect only relevant information
Read carefully and critically
Recent publication : manual search
Electronic search
24. 3) DEFINING THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK
Provides prospective from which the
investigator views the problem
Consist of concepts and proposition
Identify : key concepts
Evaluating and explaining relevant
theories
Shows : How your research fits in to
existing research
25. 4) FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS
Kind of suggested answer to the
problem
Derived from
Earlier research findings
Existing theories
Personal experience and observations
27. 5) SELECTING A RESEARCH
DESIGN
Over all plan
Designs
Experimental
Non experimental
Quasi- experimental
28.
29.
30. 6) IDENTIFY THE POPULATION
TO BE STUDIED
Data is collected only from the
sample
Result of the study is applicable to
the whole population
31. 8) DESIGNING THE SAMPLING
PLAN
Sample
Subset of population selected to
represent the population
Sampling
Process of selecting a portion of the
population to represent the entire
population
59. I QUANTITATIVE
1 EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
2 QUASI- EXPERIMENTAL
3 NON - EXPERIMENTAL
60. I EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Researcher actively introduces
an intervention or treatment
Also called as Controlled trial
Or Clinical trial
61. CHARECTERISTICS
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
1 RANDOMISATION
Process of assigning subjects
to the study on a random basis
2 CONTROL
Ability of researcher to regulate
and check all elements in the
research
62. 3 MANIPULATION
Process by which researcher
Manages the independent variable
in order to study its effect on the
dependent variable
63. VARIABLE
Anything that can take on different
values
2 types
1 Dependent variable
Influenced by the independent
Variable
2 Independent variable
Does not depends on the outcome
being measured
64.
65.
66.
67. STUDY POPULATION
SAMPLING
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING
Randomly assign in to
2 Groups
CONTROL
GROUP
EXPERIMENTAL
GROUP
Introduce
independent variable
to experimental
group
73. II QUASI - EXPERIMENTAL
1 MANIPULATION
Evaluating the effect of independent
Variable on dependent variable
2 RANDOMISATION
OR ABSENT
3 CONTROL
75. 1 NON RANDOMISED CONTROL
GROUP DESIGN
Randomisation absent
Control group present
Non random selection
Control Group C Experimental E
PRE test
E… medicine
C… X
POST TEST
76. 2 TIME SERIES DESIGN
Researcher want to assess the effect for
longer duration
Experimental group
Observation at
1hr, 2hr,3hr
Treatment( manipulation)
Observation at (1hr,2hr,3hr)
77. III NON EXPERIMENTAL
Researcher is examining the things
naturally happening
No Manipulation
No Control
79. 1 DESCRIPTIVE
Observe/Describe/ Document
Things naturally happening
Ex : Back pain among nurses working
In ICU
2 CORRELATIONAL
Examine relationship between two
Variables
Examining : Cause & effect
Ex : Smoking ……… Lung cancer
80. 3 DEVELOPMENTAL
Examining things at particular
time
Ex : Perception of nurses towards
Nursing profession
4 SURVEY RESEARCH
Data collection ( interview)
Record………… Analysis
81. II QUALITATIVE
In depth examination/ study of
Human behaviour
Data collected in descriptive forms
NOT IN NUMERICAL FORM
Data collected by direct interaction
with people
83. 1 PHENOMENOLOGICAL
Learning from people
Ex : Earthquake … Victims
Examine their experiences
2 ETHNOGRAPHIC
Lived Experiences
Ex: Blood donation ~ Sin
Study of culture by collecting data
by living with that culture
84. 3 GROUNDED THEORY
Data collection … Analysis
Formation of new theory
4 HISTORICAL RESEARCH
Collect data related to past events
Relationship with the present and
Future
5 CASE STUDY
In-depth study of a single case
85. CLASSIFICATION
BASED ON PURPOSE
1 BASIC RESEARCH
Search for broad principles/aim
With out any immediate utilisation
Intellectual exploration
Ex: Einstein’s theory of relativity
2 APPLIED/ACTION RESEARCH
Action is taken to solve the problem
Study the effect of action
Ex: American nursing practice in india
86.
87.
88.
89. PREVIOUS QUESTIONS
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
QUALITIES OF RESEARCHER
NURSING RESEARCH
PURPOSES OF NURSING RESEARCH
PHASES OF RESEARCH PROCESS
DEFINE RESEARCH PROCESS
STEPS IN RESEARCH PROCESS
90. TIPS FOR ROL
SAMPLE
SAMPLING
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESGN
BASIC RESEARCH VS APPLIED
RESEARCH