1. SEXUAL
ABUSE
Prepared by: Arnel O. Rivera
NSTP 1

2. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION
ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD
Article 34 - Sexual Abuse: Every
child has the right to be protected
from sexual abuse. This means that
nobody can do anything to the child’s
body that s/he does not want them to
do, such as touching, taking pictures
or making the child say things that
s/he does not want to say.

3. SONIA’S STORY
Instructions:
1. Rate the characters 1 to 5, such that #1 is the
most offensive and #5 is the least offensive. You
have 5 minutes to write down your answers
silently. (Characters: Sonia, Greg, Jose, Bong,
Lito)
2. Discuss with the group your answers for 20
minutes.
3. Assign a reporter in your group to write your
ratings on the board. 2 minutes given to discuss
the group’s rating of the characters.

4. SONIA’S STORY
Once upon a time, there was a girl named Sonia
who was in love with a man named Greg. Greg
lived on the other side of the river where Sonia
lived. The river that separated the two lovers was
teeming with man-eating crocodiles. Sonia wanted
to cross the river to be with Greg. Unfortunately,
the bridge had been washed out. So she went to ask
Jose, a boatman, to take her across. But the look in
his eyes frightened Sonia, so she went to her friend
Bong and explained her plight to him. Bong did not
want to be involved at all in the situation. Sonia felt
that her only alternative was to take the boat, even
though she did not trust Jose.

5. SONIA’S STORY
When the boat was already in the middle of the
river, Jose told Sonia that he couldn’t control
himself and he wanted to make love to her. When
Sonia refused, he threatened to throw her
overboard. But if she complied, he said he would
deliver her safely to the other side. Sonia did not
want to be eaten alive by the crocodiles, but she
didn’t see any alternative for herself, so she did not
resist Jose. Jose gratified his desire for Sonia, then
delivered her to the other shore where Greg lived.

6. SONIA’S STORY
When Sonia told Greg what had happened, he
blamed her because of the way she dressed. He saw
her as unclean and cast her aside with disdain.
Heartsick and dejected, Sonia turned to Lito, a
karate black-belter. Lito felt anger for Greg and
compassion for Sonia. He sought out Greg and beat
him brutally. Sonia was overjoyed at the sight of
Greg getting his due. As the sun sets on the horizon,
we hear Sonia laughing at Greg.

7. SONIA’S STORY
Each of the characters in the story represents a member
of society:
1. Jose
2. Greg
3. Bong
4. Lito
5. Sonia
WHO ARE WE IN THE STORY?

8. Children everywhere are vulnerable to
abuse and exploitation by those in
positions of power and trust
- Setting the Standard

9. Different types of child abuse
and neglect
• Physical
• Sexual
• Emotional
• Verbal (emotional)
• Neglect
• Social

10. WHAT IS
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE?

11. DEFINITION OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
any act on a child by an
adult/older/more powerful person
for the sexual gratification
of the older person/adult/more powerful person.

12. EXAMPLES OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
Non-touching Touching
• Exhibitionism • Kissing
• Voyeurism • Touching of breasts
• Pornography or genitals
• Verbal sexual • Fondling
stimulation • Fellatio /
• Obscene calls cunnilingus
• Letting down the • Vaginal or anal
bars of privacy so intercourse or
that the child attempted
watches or hears intercourse
sexual acts • Prostitution

13. CHARACTERISTICS OF
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
1. Grooming – Accommodation Syndrome
2. Lack of consent
3. Ambivalence
4. Exploitation
5. Force
6. Intent
7. Secrecy

14. FIRST CHARACTERISTIC OF
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
1. GROOMING
ACCOMMODATION SYNDROME

15. SECOND CHARACTERISTIC OF
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
LACK OF CONSENT
Consent – power is equal as well as level of
maturity and knowledge.

16. THIRD CHARACTERISTIC OF
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
Ambivalence
- refers to the confusion of the child.

17. FOURTH CHARACTERISTIC OF
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
Exploitation
Refers to the differential of power and that the more
powerful person is having his/her needs met at the
expense of the child.

18. FIFTH CHARACTERISTIC OF
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
Force
Includes violent and psychological threats

19. SIXTH CHARACTERISTIC OF
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
Secrecy
-Offenders depend on secrecy and the lack of
caregivers to deal with sexual issues.

20. SIXTH CHARACTERISTIC OF
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
Secrecy
ACTIVITY – NAME GAME

21. SEVENTH CHARACTERISTIC OF
CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
Intent
-The intent is always for the sexual gratification of
the abuser.
Intention VS. Effect

22. TOUCH CONTINUUM
SAFE TOUCH
are those which make the receiver feel affirmed. These touches are
experienced by the receiver (child) as warm, caring, nurturing,
supportive. They do not diminish the receiver and do not take from
the receiver. All persons need to receive this kind of touch.
UNSAFE TOUCH
are those that hurt the receiver, that make the receiver feel bad, that
inflict pain or that seem to disregard the receivers (child’s) feelings. It
is usually very clear that the child does not want this kind of touch,
which are experienced by the child as manipulative, coercive, abusive,
and frightening.

23. TOUCH CONTINUUM
CONFUSING TOUCH
are those which make the receiver feel uncomfortable, uneasy,
confused, or unsure. The receiver experiences confusion and
conflicting feelings about the touch and/or about the person who does
the touching. The intent of the adult may be unclear, the touch may
be unfamiliar. There are times when this kind of attention “feels
good” but is also frightening, such as a touch that is sexually
stimulating or stating in front of your friends how wonderful you are,
but initiated by an adult. Thus, the attention or touch that “feels
good” is not always good or safe.

24. TOUCH CONTINUUM
WHAT DETERMINES THE NATURE OF TOUCH ?
Whether the touch or attention is “safe” or “unsafe” or “confusing” is
determined by how the receiver experiences it, NOT by the intentions
of the person giving the attention or doing the touching. The adult
may intend the touch/attention to convey a certain kind of message
(support, affection, etc.) but the message is entirely dependent upon
how the receiver perceives the touch/attention, and the adults has no
control over this. The adult’s intentions are irrelevant.

25. “Is this abuse?”
Auntie Maria is a very large
woman with large breasts and
each time she hugs you, you feel
suffocated in her breasts.

26. “Is this abuse?”
Christine wakes up at night because
she is thirsty, and when she goes into
her parent’s room to ask her mother
for water, she witnesses them having
sex. She doesn’t know what she saw,
only that her parents are enjoying it,
so the next day in school she tells the
boys in her class that she wants to
“fuck,” because that is the word her
mother is using.

27. “Is this abuse?”
Lily’s mother died from a car crash
when she was 4 years old, and
consequently her father became very
protective of her. He even always made
her keep the bathroom door open when
she bathed because of the possibility of
slipping on the wet floor and getting
hurt. Now she is 16 and still keeps the
bathroom door open when she bathes so
that father can periodically check on
her.

28. “Is this abuse?”
Mark has a teacher who is gay but
who remains professional and
does not behave inappropriately
with students. Mark’s teachers
sometimes hug him to
congratulate him, including his
gay teacher.

29. VIDEO SHOWING: DAUGHTER
•CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILD
SEXUAL ABUSE
•CAUSES OF CHILD SEXUAL
ABUSE

30. QUESTIONS:
 What issues are touched upon in the story?
 What did Bob gave to Jason and his family? Why do
you think he gave these things?
 What were the favours Bob asked in return for all the
things he gave Jason.
 How did Jason felt about Bob after the incident at the
resort?
 What can you do in order to prevent what happened to
Jason from ever happening to you or to other children.
 What are your impressions of the story? How does it
make you feel?

31. Finkelhor’s Four Preconditions to Child
Sexual Abuse
1. The motivation for sex with children
2. Overcoming internal inhibitors
3. Overcoming external inhibitors
4. Overcoming the resistance of the child

32. NORMS TOLERATING
THE ABUSE OF CHILDREN
•Difficult implementation of laws
•Lower status for women and children
•Male as head of household
•Media portrayal of women and children as
“objects”
•Adultifying children in the media
•Respect for adults and those in authority
•Religious value for family sanctity
•Religious value of forgiveness
•Children as being owned by parents
•“Mind your own business”
•Utang na loob

33. Certain factors, however, make some children more
at risk than most if:
• They suffer from a disability
• They come from an unhappy family
• They have low self-esteem
• They have high needs for affection and
attention
• They have few friends/are isolated

34. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION
ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD
Article 34 - Sexual Abuse: Every child has
the right to be protected from sexual abuse.
This means that nobody can do anything to
the child’s body that s/he does not want them
to do, such as touching, taking pictures or
making the child say things that s/he does
not want to say.

35. Pursuant to PD603
Article 59: “Crimes. – Criminal liability shall attach to any
parent who:
(8) Inflicts cruel and unusual punishment upon the child or
deliberately subjects him to indignities and other excessive
chastisement that embarrass or humiliate him.
(9) Causes or encourages the child to lead an immoral or
dissolute life.”

36. Pursuant to RA7610
Article III, Section 5: “Child Prostitution and Other Sexual Abuse.
Children, whether male or female, who for money, profit or any other
consideration or due to the coercion or influence of any adult, syndicate or
group, indulge in sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct, are deemed to be
children exploited in prostitution and other sexual abuse.”
Article III, Section 6: “Attempt to Commit Prostitution. – There is an attempt
to commit child prostitution under Section 5, when any person who, not being a
relative of a child, is found alone with the said child inside the room or cubicle
of a house, an inn, hotel, motel, pension house, apartelle or other similar
establishments, vessels, vehicle or any other hidden or secluded area under
circumstances which would lead a reasonable person to believe that the child is
about to be exploited in prostitution and other sexual abuse.”
Article VI, Section 10: “Other acts of neglect, abuse, cruelty or exploitation and
other conditions prejudicial to the child’s development.”

37. Procedure on
Local Reporting

38. Reporting
• A person who learned of facts that give rise
to the belief that a child has suffered abuse.
• May report the same orally or in writing

39. Duty of government workers
• It shall be the duty of all teachers and
administrators in public schools including
barangay officials to report all incidents of
POSSIBLE abuse to DSWD
• Note: Duty to report NOT duty to investigate.

40. Failure to report
• Persons required under Mandatory reporting
• Penalty: FINE of not more than P 2, 000.
• Government workers
• Possible liability: administrative and criminal
action

41. Immunity
• Any person acting in good faith report a child abuse
shall be FREE from any civil or administrative
liability arising there from
• Presumption of Good faith.

42. ASSIGNMENT:
 Research on other cases (from news articles)
of juvenile delinquency in the country. Write
a one-page reaction paper containing the
following information:
 Source
 Summary (not more than 10 sentences)
 Reaction (not more than 3 sentences)
 Use
short (8.5 x 11”) bond paper with 1”
margin, TNR 12 font, single spaced.