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 Referred to as the outer lips
 They have a darker pigmentation
 The Labia Majora FUNCTION:
 Protect the introitus and urethral openings
 Are covered with hair and sebaceous glands
 Mass of fat, plexus of veins

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LABIA MINORA (Nymphae)
 Referred to as the “inner lips”
 Made up of erectile, connective tissue that
darkens and swells during sexual arousal
 Located inside the labia majora
 They are more sensitive and responsive to
touch than the labia majora

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CLITORIS
 Highly sensitive organ composed of nerves, blood vessels,
and erectile tissue
 It is made up of a shaft and a glans
 Becomes engorged with blood during sexual stimulation
(2*1)
 key to sexual pleasure for most women
 Urethral opening is located directly below clitoris

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VAGINAL OPENING INTROITUS
 In virginal women hidden by overlapping labia minora
 Opening may be covered by a thin sheath called the
hymen
 Imperforated hymen:
 vaginal orifice is occluded completely ,retention of
menstrual discharge

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PERINEUM
 The muscle and tissue located between the vaginal opening
and anal canal
 It supports and surrounds the lower parts of the urinary and
digestive tracts
 The perinium contains an abundance of nerve endings that
make it sensitive to touch
 An episiotomy is an incision of the perineum used during
childbirth for widening the vaginal opening

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INTERNAL GENITALIA
The internal genitalia consists of the:
 Vagina
 Cervix
 Uterus
 Fallopian Tubes
 Ovaries

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Female Internal Reproductive
System (side view)

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Female Internal Reproductive
System (front view).

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VAGINA
 The vagina connects the cervix to the external g
enitals
 It is located between the bladder and rectum
 It functions :
 As a passageway for the menstrual flow
 For uterine secretions to pass down through the
introitus
 As the birth canal during labor
 With the help of two Bartholin’s glands becomes
lubricated during sexual intercourse

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 The cervix connects the uterus to the vagina
 The cervical opening to the vagina is small
 This acts as a safety precaution against foreign bodies en
tering the uterus
 During childbirth, the cervix dilates to accommodate the
passage of the fetus
 This dilation is a sign that labor has begun

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UTERUS
 A pear shaped organ
 Located between bladder and rectum
 Length: Nulliparous(6 to 8),Multiparous(9 to 1
0)
 It is made up of the endometrium, myometriu
m and perimetrium
 The powerful muscles of the uterus expand to
accommodate a growing fetus and push it thr
ough the birth canal

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 Length:8 to 14 cm
 Serve as a pathway for the ovum to the uterus
 Are the site of fertilization by the male sperm
 Portions: Interstitial, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum
 Fertilized egg takes approximately 6 to 10 days to travel th
rough the fallopian tube to implant in the uterine lining

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 Almond-shaped organs, development and extrusion of ova, synthesis
and secretion of steroid hormones
 A woman is born with approximately 400,000 immature eggs called
follicles
 During a lifetime a woman release 400 to 500 fully matured eggs for f
ertilization
 The follicles in the ovaries produce the female sex hormones,
progesterone and estrogen
 These hormones prepare the uterus for implantation of the fertilized
egg

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 Uterine and ovarian art
 Uterine art:
 Internal iliac (Hypogastric) art
 Ovarian art:
 Direct branch of Aorta

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 Uterine veins ; Internal iliac vein ; Common
iliac vein
 Right ovarian vein ;IVC
 Left ovarian vein ;Left renal vein

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