Summary of paper, Estimation and Distribution of Nitrate Contamination in Groundwater of Wah Town, its Causes and Management

1. Institute Of Geology, University Of The Punjab 1
SUMMARY - 01
Re-search Paper Name: Estimation and Distribution of Nitrate Contamination in
Groundwater of Wah Town, its Causes and Management
Authors: Mohammad Saleem Khan1
, Sajid Rashid Ahmad2
, Zaka ur Rahman3
and Muhammad Ishaque4
1
Department of Geological Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
2
Institute of Geology, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, UET Lahore, Pakistan
4
Department of Forestry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Summary:
This article is a part of a Ph.D. re-search article. And study was conducted over the area of Wah Town,
near Dhamrah Kas Nullah, Pakistan. The objective of this study is to estimate the amount of nitrate in
the ground water. As it is the end product of many biological reactions occurring in the atmosphere, so
as dangerous to the public health.
Sampling technique was used to get the 27 and 3 samples from dug-wells and deep tube-wells
respectively. The depth ranges from 45-85 feet for shallow water and 150-300 feet for deep aquifer.
While the estimation of the nitrate was done by using standard German kits.
The results are clear as main Wah town found no nitrate contamination. While on the other hand, Sarah
Kala and Bani Mohallah shows high contamination of about 20-25 mg/l. Few areas were also identified
by on average risk of about 10-19 mg/l, near Glushan and Lalazae colonies.
The main source of this high contamination is due mixing of sewerage pipe lines for irrigation, house
waste re-charge, and leakage of contaminated water. By the conclusion and suggestions, it is
recommended to immediately stop the pumping of water from shallow aquifer. In order to control the
nitrate risk of water contamination. And to check its state on regular basis, so to take steps in the future.
Reference Style:
Last Name, Initials of names (like A.I.)., Year of publication. Name of article. OR
Conference name, OR
Journal name., vol: pg no.
Submitted To: Sir Sajid Rashid Ahmad
Submitted By: Atiqa Ijaz Khan
Roll No: Geom-02
2nd
Semester , Session:2013-15
Date: 01st
March, 2014