A project on Pisciculture or aquaculture on fish tourism. The itinerary revolves around heritage and interesting pisciculture farms.

1. Niche Tourism
Pisciculture
Macro Niche – Aquaculture
Micro Niche – Pisciculture in Kerala
By Avantika Badgujar, ji Hind College, TYBVOCTTM,04

2. Table of Contents
Introduction – Information on macro
market
Body - Information on Niche market
Impacts
Conclusion
Conclusion- Minimum weekend
itinerary. It must also consist of what
your tourist will be engaged in with
regard to the niche you are covering

3. Aquaculture
Aquaculture is defined as the breeding, growing, and harvesting of fish, shellfish, algae, and other
organisms in all types of aquatic habitats, according to NOAA.i
Aquaculture is a way for producing food and other commercial items, as well as restoring habitat and
replenishing wild stocks and rebuilding threatened and endangered animal populations.
There are two forms of aquaculture: marine and freshwater.
Examples include coastal ocean waters, freshwater ponds and rivers, and even land-based tanks. Freshwater
and brackish aquaculture are both practised in India.
Aquaculture can be done both onshore (fish tanks, ponds) and inshore (fish tanks, ponds). (Species are more
diversified with natural conditions such as ocean currents, diel vertical migration, and nutrients cycles.)
Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated. Particular kinds of
aquaculture include fish farming, shrimp farming, oyster farming, mariculture, algaculture (such as seaweed
farming), and the cultivation of ornamental fish.
Various kinds of Aquaculture
Other types of Aquacultures are: -
 Inland Pond Culture: - Artificial ponds with a surface area of 20 acres and a depth of 6-
8 feet in the inland. The ponds are connected to aeration systems. It aids in the
circulation of oxygen and prevents the production of ice during the winter season.
 Recirculating Systems: - It works by filtering the water in the tanks and reusing it within
the tank. It is powered by energy and uses electricity to pump water. Filtering the water
on a regular basis maintains it clean and nutritious for the fish. It regulates salinity,
temperature, oxygen, and other parameters because it operates in a closed system.
The treatment chambers are filled with water. The leftover filters are disposed of in an
environmentally friendly way.
 Open- net pen and Cage Systems: - Offshore and in freshwater lakes, open-net pens
and cage systems are common. Mesh cages are constructed. The disadvantage is that
predatory creatures are attracted to it. It is grown in municipal water. Waste, chemicals,
parasites, and diseases are frequently transferred in the immediate aquatic habitats
due to the high concentration of fish in the pens.
Flow through / raceways: - A vast stretch of stocked fish can be found there. They are connected
to the feeding station. The raceway units are filled with flowing water. The garbage is eventually
collected and disposed of. Frequently used in trout farming

4. “Aquaculture is defined by the Food and
Agriculture Organization (FAO) as "the
production of aquatic creatures such as fish,
mollusk’s, crabs, and aquatic plants." Farming
entails some type of intervention in the raising
process to improve output, such as regular
stocking, feeding, and predator protection,
among other things.”
Agriculture is probably the fastest growing food – producing sector which now
accounts for 50% of the worlds fish that is used for food.
Mariculture
• Cultivation of sea animals & plants in their usuaul habitat.
• Food additives, jewelry (e.g cultured pearls),
pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmetics.
• It is carried out in cages,ponds,raceways which contain sea
water (section of ocean)
• Organisms bred :- prawns and other shell fishes, seaweed,
mollusks etc.
Fish Farming
• It entails the selective breeding of fish for human and
commercial consumption. The most appealing alternative
because it requires minimal maintenance and has numerous
benefits.
• It is the world's cheapest source of protein, which makes it
profitable.
• Ponds require less land to produce large amounts of fish.
Algaculture
• Algae cultivation.
• Algae are microbiological organisms that resemble both
animals and plants. They are the bedrock of aquatic life.
However, aquaculture is used to grow these in large
quantities for commercial reasons.
• It is also employed as a new source of energy and is
sculpted to fit the needs of the user.
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture(IMTA)
• Byproducts of one aquatic species are used as feedstock
for another. Incorporation of species from multiple
trophic or nutritional levels in the same system is referred
to as multi-tropic.
• It mimics the ecological system found in the natural
environment. This approach aids in the reduction of waste
and the production of additional goods.
• It leads to ecosystem equilibrium, economic stability, and
social acceptability.
http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/213522/icode/

5. Overview of
Aquaculture in India
Freshwater Aquaculture (freshwater pearl culture and
ornamental fish farming)
Carp
Catla - Rajasthan &Uttar Pradesh
(Reservoirs' & tanks)
Rohu
Magur
Brackish Aquaculture - West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala
and Goa
Sea bass
Grey mullet
Tiger shrimp
Mud crabs.

6. • Ranks first in coastal and freshwater aquaculture.
• Contributes nearly 40%of the total marine exports of thecountry.
• Kolleru lake (freshwater) & Pulkit lake (Brackish)
Andhra Pradesh
• Major sources -Mahanadi and Godawari river
• Rajya Matsya Mahasangh -6 fish seed hactcheries
Chhattisgarh
• Sonarpur and Frasergunge - Fishing Harbours
• Fish-seed and table fish are produced at government fish farms at Juneput (East Midnapore), Kalyani (Nadia), and Barasagardighi
(Malda) and sold to local fish farmers at a government price.
West Bengal
• Main sources of capturing fisheries are its rivers,lakes and dams
• It stands second in the average annual fish production in the country.
Haryana
• Gobind Sagar and Pong Reservoirs - Aquaculture
• Known for adventure sports of angling & game fisheries.
Himachal Pradesh

7. About the destination
Kerala is surrounded by water and is the hub for backwaters. Along with faming, aquaculture has also been
practiced in Kerala.
I have chosen the Matsyafed Foundation locations as my destination. Other than this there are several
destinations where aquaculture can be experienced. Some destinations would be Aqua Tourism in
Alappuzha, Kottayam, Kollam, Kasaragod, etc.
There are 3 major Aqua Tourism centers: - Njarakkal/ Narakkal, Palaikari/Malippuram.
Aqua Tourism in Kerala is done with the help of Matsyafed (Kerala State Co-operative federation for
fisheries development.)
Kerala is surrounded by different water. It makes it ideal for fish farming.
Major species cultivated are: -
1. Penaeus indicus
2. Penaeus monodon
3. Chanos chanos
4. Etroplus suratensis
5. Mugil Cephalus
6. Lizzo sp
Apart from this there are public aquariums as well. However, the government is focusing and
promoting the above as aquatic Tourism sites.
Activities
Matsyafed fish farms in Njarakkal, Malippuram, and Palaikkari provide environmentally friendly
aqua tourist services in the backwaters.
Boating, fishing, and rowing are all available.
SHGs maintain a canteen that serves ethnic food with fresh farm-raised fish.
This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to take in the scenic grandeur of nature and the
peacefulness of the backwaters.
Matsyafed Narakkal Fish Farm
This brackish water fish farm is famous for its cultivation of grey mullets (Mugil Cephalus). Farm has 44 acres of
water body with 3 blocks of fish culture ponds. Pearl spots (Karimeen) are common in this farm which is declared
as the State Fish of Kerala.
Vypin Island's Narakkal Fish Farm is situated in the heart of the island. It is located on the coastline of
Arattuvazhi. It's a great place for visuals and visual stimulation.
Grey mullet culture is well-known at the Brackish Water Fish Farm. It also features three more pond
blocks. Pearl spots are a common fish that is also recognised as Kerala's state fish. Pearl spots can be
obtained through angling, which includes hooks and baits for convenience.
Sip coconut juice while relaxing in the hammocks. Relaxation cottages and benches have been
installed alongside the fish pond bunds. The tropical backwaters serve as a backdrop. The beach of
Aarattuvazhi is worth visiting.
Food, drinks, and leisure activities are all included in the farm's packages. The meal is wonderful, with
a variety of fish served with rice. Special fish meals such as karimeen pollichathu, fish molly,
crab roast, prawn masala, and others are available at a cheap price in the restaurant. The
coolest thing is that you may relax in the centre of the ponds in a floating bamboo hut.

8. Coracle rides (Kuttavanchi), rowing boats, pedal boats, water cycles, kayaking, and solar boats are
among the activities provided. Kochi is 20 kilometres from the Aqua Tourism hub (Queen of the
Arabian Sea.)
Palaikkari
Palaikari Fish Farm is situated in Chembu village, on the Vaikom-Ernakulam highway. The Matsyafed
foundation offers a one-day Bhumika and pravahini tour, a road trip, and a road and waterway
combined excursion.
Seafood delicacies will make your mouth water. Lunch is provided on a concealed island with a
treasure trove of fresh fish, prawns, clams, karimeen, and other delicacies.
The fish employees serve as guides, explaining the fish culture to you. Paddle around in a paddle boat
or a motorboat.
How did you come up with the name?
This was once a prawn farm owned by the Pala community in Kottayam. It was afterwards taken over
by the Matsyafed foundation (Njarakkal & Malippuram) and renamed Palikkari, which means "land of
the Pala people."
At Palaikari, pearl spot, milkfish, northern red snapper, bluefin, and prawns are farmed.
The Kettuvallam Museum is a houseboat museum that displays various sorts of equipment, utensils,
and household goods. It adds to the history of the place.
Tourists can feed the fish by travelling over the bridges at this cage culture facility.
https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1V_PzSLb64PLA6F9I1F1PJ1vvS2hPYJ6m&usp=sharing
The map of my Itinerary.

9. Itinerary
https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1V_PzSLb64PLA6F9I1F1PJ1vvS2
hPYJ6m&usp=sharing Map created by me.

10. Itinerary
Aquaculture Tourism allows you to enjoy the pisciculture and
understand how the major chunk of protein is being reared and sold to
the public. It is a very unique tourism program made by the help of the
government.However I would like my tourists to enjoy the tour and
have no regrets.So my itinerary is a combination of heritage walk tour
combined with aquaculture and activities.
From the ernakulam Station. Reach your hotel .
Next day we have a boom of destinations feast
Day 1
► Mangalvanam Bird Sanctuary
► Hill Palace Museum
► Matsyafed Malippuram Aqua Tourism
► Matsyafed Narrakkal Fish Farm
► Njarackal Arattuvazhi Beach
Ernakulam
Lagoons and backwaters connect a group of islands. Heritage Walk
Tour is located on the coast of the Arabian Sea. It is known as Kerala's
business centre. Kochi, often known as the "Queen of the Arabian
Sea," is one of the world's most beautiful natural harbours.
We'll take a stroll through Kochi's historical sites. Hold on to your hat.
We'll begin in Fort Kochi, a small fishing village that was India's first
European settlement. The Portuguese, Dutch, Arabs, and eventually
the British shaped this town. The architectural vestiges of these
cultural interactions can be seen. We'll look at the famed Chinese
fishing nets that traders brought here. On the outskirts of Kochi, the
Kublai Khan acquired this. And so on…
Day 2 Heritage Tour along with Aqua Tourism.
► Fort Kochi
► Vasco House
► David hall
► Chinese fishing Nets
► St. Francis CSI Church
► St. George Orthodox
► Jeevmatha Catholic Latin Church
► Mattancherry Palace
► Paradesi Synagogue
► Kerala Folklore Museum
► Head to Palaikari Aqua Tourism center.
Visit the map to know more. To
see the routing.

11. India is the 2nd
largest
aquaculture economy but
the adaptation of
technology is limited and
this has resulted in lower
productivity in farmers &
wider diseases in aqua
produce – Aqua connect

12. PROS - BENEFITS
Health - Fish protein is in high demand all across the world. It contains
nutritional benefits such omega 3 fatty acids, natural oils in the diet, and
so on. This allows us to live a better lifestyle despite battling cancer,
cardiovascular disease, and other serious ailments.
Resource sustainability — Traditional fishing methods do not permit the
capture of fish in a controlled manner. As a result, there is overfishing,
and aquatic species development is severely hampered. Instead, we may
raise the same aquatic species in a controlled environment using ocean
water. Aquaculture in brackish water is being practised in Kerala.
This lessens the reliance on land. Aquaculture is responsible for 13% of
global fish production. Aquaculture is the most viable alternative and
provides the best chance for wild stock replenishment over time. As a
result, we will be able to live in a more sustainable manner.
Aquaculture supports the biodiversity of wild stock in their environments
through conservation. Regulatory fishes aid in the preservation of
aquatic ecosystem variety from overfishing.
Fish feed can be lowered by utilising modern technology. As a result, the
manufacturing process will be less expensive, resulting in low-cost food
production to meet demand.
Decreased toxicity impact - It also minimises the amount of disturbance
caused to wild animals, resulting in less human intervention. The aquatic
species cycle is in order. Adult fish are removed from the ecosystem,
causing stress.
Self-employment and job creation are both on the rise. It gives
individuals more time to engage in other economic pursuits, such as
About 2.22 lakh
fisherfolk are
dependent upon
those water
resources for
their livelihood,
out of which
90% are
smallholding
farmers. The
rough

13. calculation
would be
around 26000
farmers
involved in this
activity. The
Kerala inland
production is 2
lakh tonnes
from available
water bodies
starting their own business. This encourages entrepreneurship and
increases the number of recruiting opportunities and jobs available.
With the culture of seaweed and molluscs, it will minimise the sea food
deficiency and build a barrier against pollution. They function as sea
grass and filter feeders. Alage has developed a new source of energy. It
is possible to minimise our reliance on fossil fuels. The only thing left
over from the burning algae would be water. At the very least, it's better
than the poisonous residues.
ISSUES
It's pointless to be upset about a spilt glass of milk.
When it comes to farming, there are a few things to keep in mind. If the
precautionary requirements are not followed. Then, in comparison to
the oceans, you will cause more damage to the ecology near the land.
Waste management, immunization side effects, antibiotics, and
competition are all invasive concerns. If a resident of the area does not
use the local feed. Then odd plants that are hazardous to the fish's
health will be grown. Between 1990 and 2000, there were
advancements in procedures, seeds, and better feed.
Impacts on Wild Fish
Wild forage fish are fed to carnivorous and omnivorous fish. Omega 3 is
not found in fish. It's only after they eat microalgae that they start
producing it. For these fishes, a fish-in-fish-out proportion is required. To
create one pound of salmon, the ratio is 4:9. Despite the fact that we
know that the efficiency of production is increasing, farmed salmon
consume more wild fish than they produce as a finished product.
Animal Welfare
According to the Farm Animal Welfare Council's criteria, effective animal
welfare includes both physical fitness and a sense of well-being in the
animal's physical and mental state. The Five Freedoms can be used to
define this:
o Hunger and thirst are no longer a problem.
o Discomfort-free living
o Pain, disease, and damage are no longer a part of your life.
o The ability to express natural behaviors.
o Fear and distress are no longer present.
Common Welfare concerns
Disease and parasitism, as well as stocking densities. The fact that
diseases are frequently interconnected and influence one other at

14. different periods is a major issue. Fish become aggressive and
competitive as a result of overcrowding. Their contact poses a
danger of tissue damage owing to abrasion. Because their excrement
is hazardous to them because it contains ammonia, insufficient
water flow results in a lack of oxygen supply. Their respiration relies
on dissolved oxygen. If these decreases, stress is induced, which can
lead to asphyxiation. Hemorrhaging, gill congestion, and increased
mucus production can all be caused by parasites. Internal organs and
the neurological system are affected by some bacterial infections.

15. Improving Welfare
Aquaculture is sometimes used as part of an environmental restoration
programmed or to help endangered animals survive.
Precautions must be taken on a regular basis. Keep the nets and cages clean for
better water flow. Antibiotics, vaccinations, chemicals added to water for
rehabilitation baths, biological baths, and so on are all options. Water quality,
temperature, appropriate oxygen, and minimal waste products can all be
maintained while transporting fish. The fish are sometimes given anesthetics to
keep them calm during shipment.
Salinization/acidification of soils
Exposed aquaculture farm sediment can be hypersaline, corrosive, and degraded.
For a long time afterward, this material may be useless for aquaculture purposes.
Chemical treatments, such as adding lime, might exacerbate the situation by altering
the sediment's physicochemical qualities.
Pollution
Farming generates a lot of waste, such as fasces and leftover feed. This will result in
oxygen depletion in coastal areas as well as a net loss of marine production.
Escapes
Fish raised in captivity may have a proclivity for escaping. Millions of salmons escape
their net cages every year in salmon aquaculture.

16. SUGGESTIONS or SOLUTIONS
TO THE ABOVE PROBLEM
Environmental degradation is the greatest danger to the long-term viability of inland
fisheries. Aquatic pollution, fish habitat degradation, water abstraction, and aquatic
biodiversity consequences are all on the rise. These patterns need to be reversed. Other
key challenges in inland fishing to be addressed include:
Suggestions for resolving the problems include:
a. While preserving biodiversity, the use, promotion, and management of
upgrades, particularly in small water bodies and reservoirs;
b. The need to regulate resource access and increase community-level
management responsibility;
c. The importance of including inland fisheries in the assessment and
management of numerous water resource users;
d. Recreational fishing's expanding importance, as well as resource allocation
conflicts between food and sport; and
e. The need for international mechanisms to build coherent management and
policy frameworks for the sustainable use and conservation of aquatic
genetic resources will rise throughout time as the science of genetics and
biotechnology expands.

17. The region's aquaculture industry has a lot of room for expansion. Improvements in
technology and resource utilisation, intensification, integration of aquaculture with other
farming activities, and the development of more aquaculture areas could all contribute to
this rise. Aquaculture, on the other hand, will encounter severe hurdles, including:
1. Keeping up with rising demand for seed, feed, and fertilisers in terms of
quantity and quality
2. Improving fish health management to cut down on production losses
3. Competition with other users for resources (land, water, and feed);
deteriorating water quality due to aquatic pollution
4. Successful aquaculture integration with other farming activities, as well as
the promotion of small-scale, low-cost aquaculture to aid rural development

18. References
https://www.swissre.com/dam/jcr:60f1c415-5369-4f85-a7a0-
0678dcf719e6/Aquaculture_in_India_WEB.pdf
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/aquaculture-types-benefits-
importance.php#1_Mariculture
https://eartheclipse.com/ecosystem/aquaculture-types-benefits-facts.html
http://www.fao.org/fishery/facp/IND/en#CountrySector - Overview
https://www.fisheries.kerala.gov.in/aquaculture
https://www.tripuntold.com/kerala/ernakulam/matsyafed-narakkal-fish-
farm/spot/ Places to visit nearby
https://ariesagro.com/rise-of-aqua-culture-in-india/ Indian fish farming info
https://krishijagran.com/featured/all-about-fish-farming-in-india/ refer
https://www.agrifarming.in/types-of-fish-farming-methods-and-systems-in-
india little bit fine, need to refer again.
https://www.onmanorama.com/travel/kerala/2019/05/02/aqua-tourism-
vaikom-kottayam-ernakulam.html A Day.
https://www.keralatourism.org/kerala-at-a-glance
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/aquaculture-types-benefits-
importance.php#2_Fish_Farming
http://www.fao.org/fishery/countrysector/naso_india/en
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/kerala-has-huge-
potential-for-aquaculture-aquaconnect/articleshow/83959838.cms
THANKYOU