2. Bankart's fracture (Arthur Sydney Blundell Bankart)
• A Bankart lesion is an injury of the anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum of the
shoulder due to anterior shoulder dislocation.
• A bony bankart is a Bankart lesion that includes a fracture in of the anterior-
inferior glenoid cavity of the scapula bone.
• MOI - external rotation and abduction of shoulder
3. Barton's fracture (John Rhea Barton)
• A Barton's fracture is an intra-
articular fracture of the distal
radius with dislocation of the
radiocarpal joint.
• MOI - fall on outstretched hand
Volar Barton Dorsal Barton
4. Bennett's fracture (Edward Hallaran Bennett)
• Bennett fracture is a fracture of
the base of the first metacarpal
bone which extends into the
carpometacarpal (CMC) joint.
• MOI - axial load along metacarpal
in a partially flexed thumb
5. Bosworth fracture(David M. Bosworth)
• The Bosworth fracture is a rare
fracture of the distal fibula with an
associated fixed posterior
dislocation of the proximal fibular
fragment which becomes trapped
behind the posterior tibial tubercle.
• MOI - severe external rotation of
the foot
6. Boxer's fracture
• Boxer fractures are minimally
comminuted, transverse fractures of
the 5th metacarpal and are the most
common type of metacarpal fracture.
• MOI - punching solid object
7. Bumper fracture
• A Bumper fracture is a fracture of
the lateral tibial plateau caused by
a forced valgus applied to the
knee.
• This causes the lateral part of the
distal femur and the lateral tibial
plateau to come into contact,
compressing the tibial plateau and
causing the tibia to fracture
• MOI - forced valgus of knee when
struck from side by car bumper
8. Chance fracture (George Quentin Chance)
• A Chance fracture is a flexion injury of the spine which consists of a
compression injury to the anterior portion of the vertebral body and a
transverse fracture through the posterior elements of the vertebra and the
posterior portion of the vertebral body.
• It is caused by violent forward flexion, causing distraction injury to the
posterior elements.
• MOI - hyperflexion of spine, seen in car accidents when lap belts were used
9. Chauffeur's fracture (Backfire
fracture or Hutchinson fracture)
• Chauffeur's fracture is a type of fracture of the forearm, specifically the radial
styloid process.
• The injury is typically caused by compression of the scaphoid bone of the
hand against the styloid process of the distal radius.
• MOI - Forced ulnar deviation of the wrist causing avulsion of the radial styloid
10. Chopart's fracture-dislocation (François Chopart)
• Chopart's fracture–dislocation is a
dislocation of the mid-tarsal
(talonavicular and
calcaneocuboid) joints of the foot,
often with associated fractures of
the calcaneus, cuboid and
navicular.
• Chopart's fracture–dislocation is
usually caused by falls from
height, traffic collisions and
twisting injuries to the foot as seen
in basketball players.
11. Clay shoveller's fracture
• Clay-shoveler's fracture is a stable
fracture through the spinous
process of a vertebra occurring at
any of the lower cervical or upper
thoracic vertebrae, classically at
C6 or C7.
• MOI - forced hyperflexion of neck
12. Colles' fracture (Abraham Colles) (Pouteau
Fracture) (Claude Pouteau)
• A Colles' fracture is a fracture of the distal radius in the forearm with dorsal
(posterior) and radial displacement of the wrist and hand.
• The fracture is sometimes referred to as a "dinner fork" or "bayonet"
deformity due to the shape of the resultant forearm.
• MOI - fall on outstretched hand
13. Cotton's Fracture (Frederich J. Cotton)
(Trimalleolar Fracture)
• A trimalleolar fracture is a fracture of the ankle that involves the lateral
malleolus, the medial malleolus, and the distal posterior aspect of the tibia,
which can be termed the posterior malleolus.
• The trauma is sometimes accompanied by ligament damage and
dislocation.
14. Dupuytren Fracture (Guillaume Dupuytren)
• Dupuytren fracture is a type of bimalleolar ankle fractures.
• The term is commonly used to refer to a fracture of the distal portion of the
fibula above the lateral malleolus, with an associated tear of the tibiofibular
ligaments and the deltoid ligament.
• There is lateral displacement of the talus and a possible medial malleolus
fracture as well
15. Duverney fracture (Joseph Guichard Duverney)
• Duverney fractures are isolated pelvic fractures involving only the iliac wing.
• They are caused by direct trauma to the iliac wing, and are generally stable
fractures as they do not disrupt the weight bearing pelvic ring.
• MOI - direct trauma
16. Essex-Lopresti fracture (Peter Essex-Lopresti)
• The Essex-Lopresti fracture is a fracture of the radial head with concomitant
dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint with disruption of the interosseous
membrane.
• MOI - fall from height
17. Galeazzi fracture (Ricardo Galeazzi) (Piedmont
Fracture) ( Piedmont Orthopedic Society)
• A fracture of the radius with dislocation
of the distal radioulnar joint.
• It classically involves an isolated
fracture of the junction of the distal
third and middle third of the radius with
associated subluxation or dislocation
of the distal radio-ulnar joint; the injury
disrupts the forearm axis joint.
• MOI - blow to forearm
18. Gosselin fracture (Leon Athanese Gosselin)
• The Gosselin fracture is a V-
shaped fracture of the distal tibia
which extends into the ankle joint
and fractures the tibial plafond into
anterior and posterior fragments.
19. Greenstick fracture
• A fracture of the bone, occurring
typically in children, in which one
side of the bone is broken and the
other only bent.
• MOI - bending forces after fall
20. Hangman's fracture
• A hangman's fracture is a fracture of
both pedicles or pars interarticularis of
the axis vertebra (C2)
• MOI - distraction and extension of neck
21. Hill–Sachs fracture (Harold Arthur Hill and Maurice David Sachs)
• It is a cortical depression in the posterolateral head of the humerus.
• It results from forceful impaction of the humeral head against the
anteroinferior glenoid rim when the shoulder is dislocated anteriorly.
22. Holstein–Lewis fracture (Arthur Holstein and Gwylim Lewis)
• A Holstein–Lewis fracture is a
fracture of the distal third of the
humerus resulting in entrapment
of the radial nerve.
23. Holdsworth fracture (Sir Frank Wild Holdsworth)
• An unstable fracture dislocation of
the thoraco lumbar junction of the
spine.
• The injury comprises a fracture
through a vertebral body, rupture
of the posterior spinal ligaments
and fractures of the facet joints.
24. Hume fracture (A.C. Hume)
• The Hume fracture is an injury of the elbow comprising a fracture of the
olecranon with an associated anterior dislocation of the radial head which
occurs in children.
• It is a variant of the Monteggia fracture.
25. Jefferson fracture (Sir Geoffrey Jefferson)
• A Jefferson fracture is a bone
fracture of the anterior and
posterior arches of the C1
vertebra, though it may also
appear as a three- or two-part
fracture.
• The fracture may result from an
axial load on the back of the head
or hyperextension of the neck (e.g.
caused by diving), causing a
posterior break, and may be
accompanied by a break in other
parts of the cervical spine.
• MOI - compression of neck
26. Jones fracture
• A Jones fracture is a fracture in the
meta-diaphyseal junction of the fifth
metatarsal of the foot.
• The proximal end of the metatarsal,
where the Jones fracture occurs, is near
the midportion of the foot, on the fifth ray
(of which the 5th toe belongs).
• MOI - inversion of ankle
27. Le Fort fractures (René Le Fort)
• A Le Fort fracture of the skull is a
classic transfacial fracture of the
midface, involving the maxillary
bone and surrounding structures
in either a horizontal, pyramidal or
transverse direction.
• Le Fort I fracture (horizontal)
• Le Fort II fracture (pyramidal)
• Le Fort III fracture (transverse)
• MOI - direct trauma to face
LeFort I (red), II (blue),
and III (green) fractures
28. Le Fort's fracture of the ankle
(Léon Clément Le Fort)
• Le Fort's fracture of the ankle is a vertical fracture of the antero-medial part
of the distal fibula with avulsion of the anterior tibiofibular ligament.
• It is the opposite to a Tillaux-Chaput avulsion fracture
29. Lisfranc fracture (Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin)
• The Lisfranc injury is an injury of the foot in which one or more of the
metatarsal bones are displaced from the tarsus.
• MOI - forced plantar flexion of foot or dropping heavy weight on foot
30. Maisonneuve fracture (Jules Germain François Maisonneuve)
• The Maisonneuve fracture is a spiral fracture of the proximal third of the
fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the
interosseous membrane.
• MOI - external rotation of ankle
31. Malgaigne's fracture (Joseph-François Malgaigne)
• A Malgaigne fracture is vertical pelvic fracture with bilateral sacroiliac
dislocation and fracture of the pubic rami.
• MOI - high energy impact to pelvis (front to back)
32. March fracture (Fatigue fracture or
Stress fracture of metatarsal bone)
• It is the fracture of the distal third of one
of the metatarsals occurring because of
recurrent stress.
• March fractures most commonly occur in
the second and third metatarsal bones of
the foot.
• MOI - heavy or unaccustomed exercise
33. Monteggia fracture (Giovanni Battista Monteggia)
• The Monteggia fracture is a fracture of the
proximal third of the ulna with dislocation
of the head of the radius.
• MOI - blow to forearm
34. Moore's fracture (Edward Mott Moore)
• Distal radius fracture with ulnar
dislocation and entrapment of
styloid process under annular
ligament
35. Nightstick fracture
• Minimally displaced oblique
fracture of the ulna without
associated fracture of the radius
• MOI - Direct Trauma to Forearm
while in a defensive stance
36. Pipkin fracture-dislocation
• Posterior dislocation of hip with avulsion fracture of fragment of femoral
head by the ligamentum teres
• MOI - impact to the knee with the hip flexed (dashboard injury)
37. Pott's fracture (Percival Pott)
(Pott’s syndrome I and
Dupuytren fracture) (Guillaume Dupuytren)
• Bimalleolar fracture of the ankle
• MOI - eversion of ankle
38. Rolando fracture (Silvio Rolando)
• The Rolando fracture is a comminuted intra-articular fracture through the
base of the first metacarpal bone
• MOI - axial load along the metacarpal causing splitting of the proximal
articular surface
39. Runner's fracture
• Stress fracture of distal fibula 3–8
cm above the lateral malleolus
• MOI - repeated axial stress on
fibula
40. Salter–Harris fractures
(Robert Bruce Salter, W. Robert Harris)
• A Salter–Harris fracture is a
fracture that involves the
epiphyseal plate or growth plate of
a bone. It is a common injury
found in children.
41. Segond fracture (Paul Segond)
• The Segond fracture is a type of avulsion fracture (soft tissue structures
tearing off bits of their bony attachment) of the lateral tibial condyle of the
knee, immediately beyond the surface which articulates with the femur.
• MOI - internal rotation of the knee
42. Shepherd's fracture (Francis J. Shepherd)
• Fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus
43. Smith's fracture (Robert William Smith) (reverse
Colles' fracture or Goyrand-Smith's)
(Jean-Gaspar-Blaise Goyrand)
• Fracture of Distal Radius in which the distal fracture fragment is displaced
volarly (ventrally)
• MOI - fall on outstretched hand with wrist in flexed position
44. Stieda fracture (Alfred Stieda)
• Avulsion fracture of the medial femoral condyle at the origin of the medial
collateral ligament
45. Straddle fracture
• Bilateral fractures of the superior and inferior pubic rami.
• MOI - strong vertical shear injuries such as a fall from a height or a
motorcycle accident
46. Tillaux-Chaput avulsion fracture
(Paul Jules Tillaux)
• A Tillaux-Chaput avulsion fracture is a Salter–Harris type III fracture through
the anterolateral aspect of the distal tibial epiphysis.
• It is the opposite end to a Wagstaffe-Le Fort avulsion fracture
• MOI - forced lateral rotation of foot
47. Toddler's fracture
• These are bone fractures of the distal (lower) part of the shin bone (tibia)
in toddlers (aged 9 months-3 years) and other young children (less than 8
years).
• MOI - low-energy trauma, often rotational
