Year three Construction Management and Quantity Surveying assignment.

1. PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF A PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE
AT KWANOGAWU VILLAGE MSINGA KWAZULU-NATAL
N W A K G R O U P D I V I S I O N
M R C M O T H O B I S O
8 / 2 1 / 2 0 1 5
STRUCTURESAND CONCRETE
MEMBERS:
A.K.MSANE 21201764
N.W.GCABASHE 21201807

2. Contents
Description of Project .........................................................................................................................4
Details of the principal contractor....................................................................................................4
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................................5
OUTLINE OF THE ASSIGNMENT........................................................................................................5
KWANOGAWU VILLAGE BRIDGE DESIGN BRIEF PROPOSAL....................................................................6
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................6
KwaNogawu Village New Bridge proposal.........................................................................................6
Purpose of the Document................................................................................................................6
Project Objectives...........................................................................................................................6
Project Specifications......................................................................................................................6
Site Constraints and Opportunities and Specifications...........................................................................6
ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................................8
Project Location and description......................................................................................................8
Feasible and Reasonable Alternatives ..............................................................................................9
Alternative 1 ......................................................................................................................................9
STRUCTURAL STEEL CABLE STAYED TRUSS BRIDGE .................................................................9
DESIGN.........................................................................................................................................10
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF A STRUCTURAL STEEL CABLE STAYED TRUSS BRIDGE .................10
CONSTRUCTION PERIOD...........................................................................................................10
MAXIMIZATION OF PROFITS ....................................................................................................11
FLEXIBILITY ................................................................................................................................11
CONSTRUCTION SPEED .............................................................................................................11
SAFETY........................................................................................................................................11
QUALITY .....................................................................................................................................11
SUSTAINABILITY............................................................................................................................12
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY.................................................................................................12
ADVANTAGES OF A CABLED STAYED STRUCUTRL STEEL TRUSS.........................................................12
ALTERNATIVE 2.................................................................................................................................12
CONCRETE BEAMBRIDGE WITH STILL RAILS ...................................................................................12
DESIGN.........................................................................................................................................13
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF A CONCRETE BEAMBRIDGE .....................................................................13

3. CONSTRUCTION PERIOD................................................................................................................13
MAXIMIZATION OF PROFITS..........................................................................................................14
FLEXIBILITY...................................................................................................................................14
CONSTRUCTION SPEED..................................................................................................................14
SAFETY.........................................................................................................................................14
QUALITY.......................................................................................................................................14
SUSTAINABILITY............................................................................................................................14
AESTHETICALLY PLEASING.............................................................................................................15
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES .............................................................................................15
ALTERNATIVE 3.................................................................................................................................16
CABLE STAYED TIMBER PEDISTRIAN BRIDGE...................................................................................16
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ACABLED STAYED TIMBER PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE ........................................17
CONSTRUCTION PERIOD................................................................................................................17
MAXIMIZATION OF PROFITS..........................................................................................................17
FLEXIBILITY...................................................................................................................................17
CONSTRUCTION SPEED..................................................................................................................17
SAFETY.........................................................................................................................................18
QUALITY.......................................................................................................................................18
SUSTAINABILITY............................................................................................................................18
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY.......................................................................................................18
AESTHETICALLY PLEASING.............................................................................................................18
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES .............................................................................................18
SITE LOCATION.................................................................................................................................19
SITE LOCATION .............................................................................................................................19
THE SITE.......................................................................................................................................19
SITE ACCESS.....................................................................................................................................20
Accessing the Bridge.........................................................................................................................20
FACILITY ILLUSTRATION.....................................................................................................................20
SOCIO ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE ACTIVITY....................................................................................20
NEED AND DESIRABILITY OF THE ACTIVITY......................................................................................21
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY..................................................................................................................22
SITE ESTABLISHMENT METHOD STATEMENT ......................................................................................23

4. Purpose........................................................................................................................................23
Method........................................................................................................................................23
QUALITY POLICY STATEMENT............................................................................................................24
WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................................................25
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................25
OBJECTIVE OF THE WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................25
TYPES OF WASTE THAT MAY BE GENERATED ON THE PROJECT ........................................................25
Solid Waste including:.......................................................................................................................25
Chemical Waste:...............................................................................................................................25
PROCESS FOR WASTE DISPOSAL.....................................................................................................25
EMPLOYEE SAFETY DURING WASTE DISPOSAL................................................................................26
SAFE TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE................................................................................................26
ENVIRONMENTAL INDUCTION...........................................................................................................26
RECOMMENDATIONS ALTERNATIVE 1................................................................................................27
CABLE STAYED STEEL TRUSS BRIDGE ..............................................................................................27
ALTERNATIVE 2.................................................................................................................................27
CONCRETE BEAMWITH STEEL BALLUSTRADES/HANDRAILS.............................................................27
ALTERNATIVE 3.................................................................................................................................27
TIMBER CABLE STAYED BRIDGE......................................................................................................27
ASPECTS CONDSIDERED BEFORE FINAL DECISION ...........................................................................28
PLANNING AND DESIGN PHASE......................................................................................................28
Social...............................................................................................................................................28
Bridge Design...................................................................................................................................28
Waste Management.........................................................................................................................28
CONSTRUCTION PHASE.....................................................................................................................28
Noise Pollution .............................................................................................................................28
Air Pollution .................................................................................................................................28
Waste Management.....................................................................................................................28
BUDGET ...........................................................................................................................................29
Alternative 1.................................................................................................................................29
STRUCTURAL STEEL CABLE STAYED TRUSS BRIDGE..............................................................................29

5. Description of Project
Details of the principal contractor
 NWAK GROUP ORGANISATION
 Address : 141 Sangro House, 417 Smith Street, Durban 4001
 Office tell: 031 836 0001
 Fax: 031 836 0011
 Email: nwak@contractors.com
 Cell: 081 458 2083
The Times 26th March 2012 published the following:
Pensioners from KwaNogawu village, in KwaZulu- Natal, risk drowning each month when they
are forced to cross the ragging crocodile-inhabited river to collect their old age pension. The
elderly, school children and mothers have for years braved the uThukela River in the province’s
midlands as the nearest bridge to their social grant pay point is more than 45km away. A week
ago an eight year old school drowned while crossing the river to attend a school activity.
By: Mhlaba Memela

6. ABSTRACT
Introducing such structure in the rural areas will prove to be of great significance as the
villagers including the school children and the elderly people will be able to access the basic
services plus joining two communities which fall under different wards and also with regards to
the school, as the school children will be able to arrive early at school without suffering a loss in
case of a crocodile attack.
The development of a pedestrian bridge is one that is most economic and also incorporates
lean and value engineering and is sustainable on its own. Simple methods of construction shall
be incorporated after carrying out simple technique test such as that of soil and geotechnical
tests and coming up with designs that will actually be suitable for the type of environment upon
which it will be placed.
OUTLINE OF THE ASSIGNMENT
Analyse
Sustainable
Design
Lean Engineering
Value
Engineering
Alternative
Design
Budget
Pedestrian
Bridge

7. KWANOGAWU VILLAGE BRIDGE DESIGN BRIEFPROPOSAL
Introduction
KwaNogawu Village New Bridge proposal
The uThukela River in KwaZulu-Natal is 100m wide situated within the Nogawu village and
has crocodiles. It is used by pensioners to get across so as to collect their pension rather
than travelling 45 km to the nearest bridge, they brave through it and also used by school
learners, etc…
Purpose of the Document
To provide a statement for the new project development of the design of a new bridge at
the uThukela river just outside the Kwa-Nogawu village. To provide a specification that the
success of the design can be evaluated against.
Project Objectives
The objectives off the project to build a new bridge are as follows:
a) A new bridge for the pensioners
b) Bridge that accommodates the handicapped people and also safe
c) Bridge which meets the highest possible standards of environmental sustainability,
minimize waste and maintenance costs.
d) A structure high enough that it doesn’t overflow during floods
e) Bridge wide enough to accommodate a group of people when crossing
f) A durable structure that will last without defects for a given period of time
Project Specifications
Soil
Width and depth
Crocodiles
Site Constraints and Opportunities and Specifications
a) Time
b) Cost
c) Be sustainable (people)
d) Handicapped
e) Site plan

8. f) Geographic location
g) Access and Movement
h) Environmental Consideration

9. SECTION A: ACTIVITY INFORMATION
ACTIVITYDESCRIPTION
FIGURE1.1 Location of the proposedPedestrianbridge at Kwa-Nogawuvillage,near R33 Tugela Ferry
Project Location and description
The pedestrian bridge is proposed over a section of Tugela River. This bridge will connect the
settlement of Nogawu village which is located South of Tugela river to the settlement that falls
under Ezingulubeni tribal land located North of the river.
There is currently no formal crossing that links Nogawu Village and the Ezingulubeni. In times of
heavy rain, the residents south of the river cut off from access to schools and pension funds etc.
Currently people put their clothes in a bucket and swimacross the river manifested with
crocodiles, in times of rain, the pupils either carry on swimming or walk 45km to the nearest
1. Introduction
NWAKGROUP DIVISION proposestoconstructa pedestrianbridge overuThukela/TugelaRiver
at Kwa-Nogawuvillage locatedinthe midlandsof KwaZulu-Natal underuMsingaMunicipality
whichislocatedapproximately4.5KMfrom R33 whichisnearTugelaferry.
PROPOSED PEDESTRIAN
BRIDGE LOCATION

10. bridge before they can cross and get to school, or in the case of Grandparents or old people
including the ones whom are handicapped have to travel 45km to receive their pensions and
grant money and travel 45 km back.
Feasible and Reasonable Alternatives
Alternatives for the proposed bridge have been considered in terms of material and in
terms of where the proposed bridge will be located and in case of a span and the type of
bridge to be used.
 Location of the proposed bridge is 4.5 km away from R33 and just opposite the primary
school of which learners use to cross to school and it is nearer for them and might increase
their results.
 The geotechnical conditions are visibly favorable if the river is not full with exposed rock in
the river bed
The bridge designs have been assessed of which there are three alternatives which have
been considered and evaluated in detail:
Alternative 1
STRUCTURAL STEEL CABLE STAYED TRUSS BRIDGE
 Speed and efficiency
 Requires less labor.
 Less plant is used.
 Skilled labor is required.
 Steel requires less maintenance.
 It is cheaper than concrete.
 All building joints are delivered
 Eases onsite risks
 Light material when cast
 Reduced noise and dust and construction times ease disruption
 Steel can be used or recycled
 Flexible to modification with ease

11. DESIGN
Construction Period: 6 months
Cost of Construction: R2 400 000.00
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF A STRUCTURAL STEEL CABLE STAYED TRUSS
BRIDGE
 Increased production at low cost
 Can be made fire and corrosion proof due to low production costs
 Cheap to acquire
CONSTRUCTION PERIOD
 Earlier acquisition of material
 Faster rate of assembling
 Utilization of site space to its best
 Better profits for contractor
 Easy programme to follow during construction phase
 No vibration required

12. MAXIMIZATION OF PROFITS
 Supplier already known and the rate of the material
 Less maintenance
 Less pollution on site as opposed to its counterpart concrete
 Long un-sported spans
 Low foundation costs, and allows flexibility and modification
 In terms of eliminating the costs of vibration
FLEXIBILITY
 The bridge can be designed using a software at which all the pieces are put together and
the final product presented as per specification when ordering such it becomes easy and
also changes can be made to the bridge since it is simply supported at the spans therefore
making it easier to pull one piece while the bridge itself can hold its own weight.
CONSTRUCTION SPEED
 Material readily available upon inquest/order from supplier saving time for other activities
 Steel requires a small foundation since it is light in weight as compared to its counterpart
therefore also saving time for other activities to take place etc.
 Easily coordinating of activities within site in line with the programme.
 Minimal temporary works.
SAFETY
 Less activities, therefore less plant and machinery and less risks involved.
 Working at height certificated required
 Less hazardous but medicals of all workers required
QUALITY
 Wide range of shapes and sizes on are produced in a range of qualities and thus is efficient
in that manner and also most economic.

13.  Offering training for workers who are not exposed to the works and also thus ensuring
they are left with a form of training and not only that but a company may permanently
employ someone for such reason.
 Controlled costs as they are predictable before the construction phase of the bridge or
common structure.
 High quality coating finishes available for pre-site approval
SUSTAINABILITY
 Steel can be delivered onsite upon request with all members at once if required.
 Fast erection of steel thus saving time.
 Machinery normally required is that of cranes and mobile platforms.
 Less pollution on site.
 Easily maintainable upon completion and after the project
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
 Steel is easily maintainable and clean, requires little machinery.
 Can be re-used and recycled.
AESTHETICALLY PLEASING
 Esthetically appealing look over long spans.
 Modification and Flexibility.
 Meets the needs of the client with regards to it being attractive.
ADVANTAGES OF A CABLED STAYED STRUCUTRL STEEL TRUSS
 Less risks involved on site upon handling of material
 Less pollution experienced on site therefore less carbon footprint
 Environmentally conscious
 Suitable for long span distances
 Can be constructed with speed and efficiency due to the design and pre-tender stage and
the availability of material upon order or request from supplier.
 The structure itself is light in weigh therefore requiring less concrete in regards to
foundations pads.
 Less onsite congestion thus reducing traffic on site.
ALTERNATIVE 2
CONCRETE BEAM BRIDGE WITH STILL RAILS
 Strength and Durability

14.  Versatile
 Sustainable
 Ecological benefits
 Minimal waste and thermal mass
 Aesthetically pleasing
 More plant required
DESIGN
CONSTRUCTION PERIOD: 12 months
CONSTRUCTION COST: R 3 100 000.00
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF A CONCRETE BEAM BRIDGE
 Less maintenance required for this particular structure
 It is durable and ductile.
 More concrete is needed for the construction phase therefore that makes it incur expenses
on its own.
 Construction of piers, and the need for reinforcement more costs involved
CONSTRUCTION PERIOD
 Slow construction rate as opposed to it counterpart wood and steel.
 Erecting and dismantling of formwork
 Curing of concrete takes a period of time thus waiting for other activities on site to take
place.

15. MAXIMIZATION OF PROFITS
 Re-use of formwork when casting concrete for the piers.
 Use of large plain bars in place of ribbed bars
FLEXIBILITY
 Can be designed to any form of shape and size depending on the intended use of the
structure.
 Use of admixtures during predesign stage of the intended concrete.
 Can be used for conditions which best suit the structure in terms of frost resistance,
corrosion and any attacks by sulphates.
CONSTRUCTION SPEED
 Takes long to complete as opposed to its counterparts, steel and timber bridge.
SAFETY
 Almost every plant and or concrete material used on site must be safe and this is
administered by a health and safety officer.
QUALITY
 If ordered it is under controlled conditions when using materials.
 Site concrete is less controlled in that there’s wastage.
SUSTAINABILITY
 Concrete remaining can be used as rubble.
 Poses a more carbon footprint in terms of manufacturing

16. AESTHETICALLY PLEASING
 Admixtures can be used to make the structure beautiful and with a bit of colour.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 Excellent to be used to cover short spans
 Long distances require piers which could be situated at every interval for support and load
distribution
 Costly to construct as they require supports, and also for reinforcement
 Large pad foundations/ piers therefore more labour costs, machinery and time consuming
plus ordering of concrete
 Concrete may vary though it is in controlled conditions when being produced etc.
 Less maintenance required thus increasing the economical side of it
 Concrete is not susceptible to wind and rotting as opposed to its counterparts
 Like steel and timber may burn etc., concrete however is not a combustible material and
can withstand high temperatures when placed on an environment to a certain degree.
 The concrete structure can incur cracks.

17. ALTERNATIVE 3
CABLE STAYED TIMBER PEDISTRIAN BRIDGE
CONSTRUCTION PERIOD: 4 months
CONSTRUCTION COSTS: R2 000 000.00

18. ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ACABLED STAYED TIMBER PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE
 Less maintenance required for this particular structure
 It is durable and ductile.
 Less concrete is used, only used for foundation.
 Construction of piers, and the need for reinforcement more costs involved
CONSTRUCTION PERIOD
 Easy to handle thus saving time for other activities as opposed to its counterparts which is
concrete and steel.
 No reinforcement needed within the timber straps.
MAXIMIZATION OF PROFITS
 Eliminating reinforcement as opposed to its counterpart concrete thus maximizing profit.
 Less area covered by the concrete for foundation purposes thus reducing costs in terms of
cubes.
 Takes less time to assemble therefore allowing the contractor to perform other duties and
can release the contractor to other projects.
FLEXIBILITY
 It is flexible in that it can create more designs but without compromising the structural
requirements.
CONSTRUCTION SPEED
 Easy to erect
 All members available to assembly
 Easily handled material

19. SAFETY
 Not hazardous to human health
 No excess oil on site and safe to the reptiles that inhabit the waters
QUALITY
 Manufactured under controlled conditions
 Rot resistant
 Storage of material in an airtight room to prevent moisture
SUSTAINABILITY
 When cut onsite, dust can be used to make soil fertile.
 Less reinforcement therefore less carbon footprint and mining.
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY
 Maintains better humidity thus providing a healthy environment.
AESTHETICALLY PLEASING
 Its warmth and beauty of wood is aesthetically pleasing on its own.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 Experiences design challenges.
 Is susceptible to heat, therefore is not fire resistant and durable.
 Has known properties which are predictable and one can cater for them in the future.
 Timber is generally lightweight and one can work with ease with this type of material.
 Cheap to acquire when ordered and cheaper than the rest of the materials.
 May deteriorate or rot if not treated.

20. SITE LOCATION
SITE LOCATION
THE SITE
The bridge has been proposed to be in the above location due to the width of the river and the
depth and not only that but also because it is nearer to the school and to the access gravel
road, therefore making it easy to acquire material and transport vehicles to find the location,
there’s also a big enough space for all the material storage in terms of site offices.
SITE LOCATION
NOGAWU PRIMARY
SSITE
LOCATION

21. SITE ACCESS
There is a ready access to the site which is a gravel road immediately off ramping the R33 road
heading towards North east, after Church of Scotland and head south east till you reach
Nogawu village primary school, the site is just 10 m South of Nogawu primary school.
Accessing the Bridge
The bridge is only to be used by people, and it is not suitable motor cars/ vehicles, and also can
be used by cyclists and handicapped personnel. At the entrance of the bridge there will be a
ramp of which will allow comfortable use of the bridge, facing the village and extending to the
other end, easily accessible.
The bridge should have a rough like surface so as to prevent slipping and ensures grip when
walking, hand rails also for easy movement
FACILITY ILLUSTRATION
SOCIO ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE ACTIVITY
 The activity will contribute to the infrastructure of the community
 Number of employment opportunities shall be determined on site
 100% will accrue to the previously disadvantaged people

22. NEED AND DESIRABILITY OF THE ACTIVITY
There is currently no formal crossing bridge within the Nogawu village, formal crossing bridge is
situated 45km away from the village, which is a long walk, for old age people and handicapped
people including the kids whom have to travel and wake up in the early hours of the morning.
In times of heavy rainfall, the residents are cut off from the basic services, having an option of
walking 45km in heavy rainfall and swimming across a crocodile manifested river.
Due to the construction of such pedestrian bridge, it will allow job creation within the
community members, for both skilled and unskilled labour, providing with onsite training so
they can have some form of background education with regards to steel erection, including
improved river crossing over the crocodile manifested waters

23. ENVIRONMENTALPOLICY
 Minimize adverse impacts on the site environment and on the surrounding
communities during all project phases.
 Liaise openly with all interested and affected parties on environmental matters.
 Identifying environmental objectives to allow for continuous improvement in the
environmental management of our projects.
 Complying with relevant environmental legislation.
 Providing on-going environmental training for all staff in order to reduce the number
of environmental non-compliances and incidents on our projects.
 Promoting good waste management on our projects.
 Working towards minimising, re-using and recycling waste wherever possible.
 Ensuring, where possible, the use of environmentally responsible suppliers and
contractors.
 Address all environmental impacts of the Project responsibly.
Name: Ayandiswa Msane
Designation: Managing Director
Signature:
Date: 13/08/2015

24. SITE ESTABLISHMENTMETHODSTATEMENT
Purpose
To ensure the Principal Contractor’s Site Camp and Work Areas are constructed with minimal
impact to the environment.
Method
The Site Camp shall be established on site in a manner that does not adversely affect the
environment. The area required for the Site Camp shall be kept to a minimum and all
environmentally sensitive areas shall be avoided.
The site shall be clearly demarcated, and all construction activities including the Site Camp, the
storage of materials, machinery and equipment, stockpiling and building material must be
strictly confined to this demarcated area. The site shall be maintained in an orderly and tidy
condition.
Trees, shrubs and vegetation shall not be damaged cut down or disturbed unnecessarily. Trees
and vegetation shall be uprooted only once all alternatives are found to be unsuitable and the
necessary permission is obtained.
A cut-off berm shall be constructed if necessary to prevent storm water runoff from entering
the camp.
A designated eating area for workers on site shall be identified.
Sufficient toilets shall be provided for employees on site at a ratio of 1 toilet per 30 employees.
Where possible temporary toilets linked to existing sewer services shall be constructed. Where
this is not possible, chemical toilets shall be used and serviced accordingly by the supplier.
An adequate number of fire extinguishers shall be provided on site. They shall be strategically
placed according to the risks identified on site and contain the necessary signage.
Adequate refuse bins containing black bags shall be strategically placed and emptied regularly.
The refuse will be sent to a registered disposal site.
Immediately after completion of the contract, all temporary offices, buildings, fencing and
other temporary structures shall be removed and these areas rehabilitated.

25. QUALITY POLICYSTATEMENT
Top management of the NWAK GROUP DIVISION is committed to delivering projects that
exceed client expectations.
We will provide appropriate resources to meet client requirements.
We will utilize our skills in the most efficient manner to provide our clients with high quality
products which exceed their requirements and are fit for their purpose.
We will enhance the skills of management and staff through ongoing training to ensure that
employees perform their work more effectively.
We will promote a culture of continual quality improvements.
We will communicate effectively with our suppliers to ensure that standards are met.
We will regularly seek feedback from our clients on the quality of our work and continually
improve our quality management system.
We will promote the quality management system and ensure implementation is achieved by
internal auditing and continual improvement.

26. WASTE MANAGEMENTPLAN
INTRODUCTION
The organization shall ensure that all waste generated on the project is disposed of in a safe
and efficient manner and in compliance with all applicable regulatory requirements. The project
Manager has the responsibility of monitoring refuse/waste disposal and ensuring compliance.
OBJECTIVE OF THE WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN
The objective of this plan is to ensure safe, efficient and effective, control and disposal of waste
from the project.
TYPES OF WASTE THAT MAY BE GENERATED ON THE PROJECT
SolidWasteincluding:
 Paper, Cardboard, Plastic
Chemical Waste:
 Oils, Lubricants, Chemicals
PROCESS FOR WASTE DISPOSAL
TYPE OF WASTE COLLECTION STORAGE DISPOSAL
Paper, cardboard
and Plastic
Waste material to be
collected by
employees and
placed in black
garbage bags, while
they are on the job.
Bags are to be
deposited into
recycle bins at the
workplace/client’s
premises.
Bags will be removed
at the end of the day
to a waste disposal
site.
Oils, Lubricants,
Chemicals
Liquid Waste to be
collected by
employees and
contained in
containers.
Containers to be
stored in a safe area
in the workplace.
Container to be
disposed off at a
chemical disposal
facility.

27. EMPLOYEE SAFETY DURING WASTE DISPOSAL
Employees are to utilise gloves and masks when handling waste material.
SAFE TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE
The project manager must ensure that all waste is transported in a safe manner to
waste disposal sites
ENVIRONMENTALINDUCTION
 Take care of the environment – it is there for all of us to enjoy.
 All employees and equipment must remain within the site boundaries at all times unless
requested by their supervisor.
 Do not damage or cut down any trees or plants unless instructed to do so by your
Supervisor.
 Never take plants or flowers off site.
 Leave wild animals alone – don’t kill any animals on site.
 No urination is allowed anywhere on site. Please use the toilets available and report full or
leaking toilets to your Supervisor.
 Leave toilets in the way that you have found them - respect other employee’s right to go to
a clean toilet.
 Eat only in the demarcated eating area.
 Reports any incidents such as spills, litter and fire to your supervisor immediately.
 Do not litter – put all rubbish into the bins provided - Report full bins to the responsible
person to empty regularly.
 Ensure that waste material is moved to the correct areas.
 All employees are to keep away from sensitive environmental areas on site.

28. RECOMMENDATIONS
ALTERNATIVE 1
CABLE STAYED STEEL TRUSS BRIDGE
 Takes less time to construct and assemble in that it requires less time to assemble and the
material is readily available upon request from supplier where it has been manufactured
under controlled conditions, it is economic, sustainable and social at the same time
 Requires less reinforcement with regards to pad foundations
 Can be made corrosion proof
 Requires maintenance
ALTERNATIVE 2
CONCRETE BEAM WITH STEEL BALLUSTRADES/HANDRAILS
 Recommended for short spans
 Requires reinforcement since it is good in compression but low in tensile strength
 Requires support should it span over 100m
 Piers might disturb the water flow or have the impact on the rate at which the water flows.
 Shuttering and formwork takes time to erect and dismantle.
 Is costly to construct than its counterparts being the timber/ wood bridge and the
structural steel cable stayed bridge
 May require a cofferdam for the sake of working in the water so as to divert the stream of
water
 Requires more excavation for the piers therefore incurring more costs.
 Less maintenance required
ALTERNATIVE 3
TIMBER CABLE STAYED BRIDGE
 No need for vibration
 Eliminates need for formwork.
 It is susceptible to rot but can be made rot proof.
 Requires a lot of maintenance
 Easy to handle on site and erect
 Easily acquired
 Can be assembled by semi-skilled labour
 It is too technical when it comes to design.

29. ASPECTS CONDSIDERED BEFORE FINAL DECISION
PLANNING AND DESIGN PHASE
Social
 An assessment is to be conducted on site for any artifacts that may exist along the rock
shore or any of the reelects that may be uncovered during the construction period as the
case being that the crocodiles inhabit the water.
BridgeDesign
 The bridge design will in no way cause any environmental health problems and also
impede the water flow of the river and cause any harm to the crocodiles that inhabit the
water amongst other species within the water.
 Before construction commences, an environmental plan is to be carried out and also be in
line with the local authorities and the Department of Water and Sanitation is to be notified
of any construction that is to take place.
Waste Management
 An environmental plan will be attached hereinto for the purposes of waste management
and will be implemented on site.
CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Noise Pollution
 Limitation of the noise pollution will be dependent on the start of the shift in the morning
from 08:00 till 16:40 in the afternoon. Thus machinery on site will stop operating.
Air Pollution
 Use of cement bags will be kept at minimum and since we working along the gravel road,
the place at which the vehicles are to travel or the road at use is to be dampened so as to
reduce the amount of dust in the air or reduce pollution.
Waste Management
 All waste after construction is to be collected and put into bins and sent where the
municipal trucks will be able to collect, and a waste management plan is to be attached.

30. BUDGET
Alternative 1
STRUCTURALSTEELCABLESTAYED TRUSS BRIDGE
The most efficient design which my team has decided to go with is the structural steel cable
stayed truss bridge due to its efficiency and it is sustainable in terms of it being economic, social
and also being environmentally friendly.
It is a lightweight material, therefore increasing the speed or rate at which it the structure is to
be built so it can be easily and readily available to be accessed by the public, including the
school children and also the elderly people.
It maximizes profits to its optimum but at the same time does not sacrifice the structural
integrity of each member or key component within the structure, it is flexible and able to
sustain itself under loads imposed on it be it the load is vertical or horizontal.
Description Amount ( R )
1. Preliminary and General R 120 000.00
2. Structural steel R 1 250 000.00
3. Foundations and support R 90 000.00
4. Bridge modules R 124 400.00
5. Earth works R 100 000.00
6. Steel deck
R 70 000.00
SUB TOTAL 1 R1 754 400.00
15 % Contingencies
R 309 600.00
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST R 2 064 000.00
Value Added Tax at 14% R 336 000.00
TOTAL AMOUNT OF TENDER CARRIED FORWARD TO FORM OF OFFER
AND ACCEPTANCE R 2 400 000.00