The document discusses several examples of using XML including internal and external DTDs to define bookstore and employee data, as well as using XML Schema to define message and employee details. XML documents are provided as examples to demonstrate using the defined DTDs and schemas. The last section shows applying CSS styling to an XML document.

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XML
1. XML DTD and XML document for bookstore details using internal DTD
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE bookstore[
<!ELEMENT bookstore (book+)>
<!ELEMENT book (title, author+, price, year, description, userreviews*)>
<!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT author (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT price (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT year (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT description (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT userreviews (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST book id CDATA #REQUIRED category CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST title language CDATA "english">
<!ATTLIST price currency CDATA #FIXED "rupees">
<!ENTITY d1 "description on web designing">
<!ENTITY d2 "description on oosd">
<!ENTITY r1 SYSTEM "r1.txt">
<!ENTITY r2 SYSTEM "r2.txt">
]>
<bookstore>
<book id="111" category="Computer Science">
<title language="greek"> Web Designing </title>
<author> sebesta </author>
<author> robert </author>
<price currency="rupees"> 200 </price>
<year> 2000 </year>
<description> &d1; </description>
<userreviews> &r1;</userreviews>
</book>
<book id="112" category="Computer Science">
<title language="english"> OOSD </title>
<author> grady </author>
<author> booch </author>
<price currency="rupees"> 500 </price>
<year> 2003 </year>
<description> &d2; </description>
<userreviews> &r2;</userreviews>
</book>
</bookstore>
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2. XML DTD and XML document for bookstore details using external DTD
Bookstore DTD
<!ELEMENT bookstore (book+)>
<!ELEMENT book (title, author+, price, year, description, userreviews*)>
<!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT author (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT price (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT year (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT description (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT userreviews (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST book id CDATA #REQUIRED category CDATA #IMPLIED>
<!ATTLIST title language CDATA "english">
<!ATTLIST price currency CDATA #FIXED "rupees">
<!ENTITY d1 "description on web designing">
<!ENTITY d2 "description on oosd">
<!ENTITY r1 SYSTEM "r1.txt">
<!ENTITY r2 SYSTEM "r2.txt">
Bookstore XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE bookstore SYSTEM "2bookstore.dtd">
<bookstore>
<book id="111" category="Computer Science">
<title language="greek"> Web Designing </title>
<author> sebesta </author>
<author> robert </author>
<price currency="rupees"> 200 </price>
<year> 2000 </year>
<description> &d1; </description>
<userreviews> &r1;</userreviews>
</book>
<book id="112" category="Computer Science">
<title language="english"> OOSD </title>
<author> grady </author>
<author> booch </author>
<price currency="rupees"> 500 </price>
<year> 2003 </year>
<description> &d2; </description>
<userreviews> &r2;</userreviews>
</book>
</bookstore>
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3. XML DTD and XML document for employee details using internal DTD
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE emp_db[
<!ELEMENT emp_db (employee+)>
<!ELEMENT employee (name, salary, age, experience, designation, dept, address, contact_info,
email_id)>
<!ELEMENT name (first, middle?, last)>
<!ELEMENT salary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT age (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT experience (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT designation (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT dept (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (flatno, street, city)>
<!ELEMENT contact_info (landline?, mobile+)>
<!ELEMENT email_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT first (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middle (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT last (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT flatno (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT street (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT landline (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT mobile (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST employee id CDATA #REQUIRED
organization CDATA #FIXED "MJCET"
gender (male|female) "male">
<!ENTITY ap "Assistant Professor">
<!ENTITY asp "Associated Professor">
]>
<emp_db>
<employee id="101" gender="female">
<name>
<first> Mrs. </first>
<middle> Farheen </middle>
<last> Iqbhal </last>
</name>
<age> 27 </age>
<salary> 45000 </salary>
<designation> &asp; </designation>
<experience> 6 Years </experience>
<dept> C.S.E </dept>
<address>
<flatno> 12345. </flatno>
<street> silver street </street>
<city> Hyderabad </city>
</address>
<contact_info>
<landline> 040-66554433 </landline>
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<moblie>+919876543210 </moblie>
</contact_info>
<email_id> Farheen_Iqbhal@gmail.com</email_id>
</employee>
<employee id="102" gender="female">
<name>
<first> Mrs. </first>
<middle> Ambreen </middle>
<last> Rana </last>
</name>
<age> 28 </age>
<salary> 35000 </salary>
<designation> &ap; </designation>
<experience> 4 Years </experience>
<dept> C.S.E </dept>
<address>
<flatno> 54321. </flatno>
<street> sun city</street>
<city> Hyderabad </city>
</address>
<contact_info> <landline> 040-66552233 </landline>
<moblie>+919854231067 </moblie>
</contact_info>
<email_id> Ambreen_rana@Yahoo.com</email_id>
</employee>
</emp_db>
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4. XML DTD and XML document for employee details using external DTD
EMP-DB DTD
<!ELEMENT emp_db (employee+)>
<!ELEMENT employee (name, salary, age, experience, designation, dept, address, contact_info,
email_id)>
<!ELEMENT name (first, middle?, last)>
<!ELEMENT salary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT age (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT experience (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT designation (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT dept (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (flatno, street, city)>
<!ELEMENT contact_info (landline?, mobile+)>
<!ELEMENT email_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT first (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middle (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT last (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT flatno (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT street (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT landline (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT mobile (#PCDATA)>
<!ATTLIST employee id CDATA #REQUIRED organization CDATA #FIXED "MJCET" gender CDATA "male">
<!ENTITY ap "Assistant Professor">
<!ENTITY asp "Associated Professor">
EMP-DB XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE emp_db SYSTEM "4empdb.dtd">
<emp_db>
<employee id="101" gender="female">
<name>
<first> Mrs. </first>
<middle> Farheen </middle>
<last> Iqbhal </last>
</name>
<age> 27 </age>
<salary> 45000 </salary>
<designation> &asp; </designation>
<experience> 6 Years </experience>
<dept> C.S.E </dept>
<address>
<flatno> 12345. </flatno>
<street> silver street </street>
<city> Hyderabad </city>
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</address>
<contact_info>
<landline> 040-66554433 </landline>
<moblie>+919876543210 </moblie>
</contact_info>
<email_id> Farheen_Iqbhal@gmail.com</email_id>
</employee>
<employee id="102" gender="female">
<name>
<first> Mrs. </first><middle> Ambreen </middle><last> Rana </last>
</name>
<age> 28 </age>
<salary> 35000 </salary>
<designation> &ap; </designation>
<experience> 4 Years </experience>
<dept> C.S.E </dept>
<address>
<flatno> 54321. </flatno><street> sun city</street><city> Hyderabad </city>
</address>
<contact_info>
<landline> 040-66552233 </landline><moblie>+919854231067 </moblie>
</contact_info>
<email_id> Ambreen_rana@Yahoo.com</email_id>
</employee>
</emp_db>
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5. XML Schema and XML document for message details
Message XSD
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.messages.org/note"
elementFormDefault="qualified"
xmlns="http://www.messages.org/note">
<xsd:element name="note">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd: element name="to" type="xsd:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
<xsd: element name="from" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd: element name="heading" type="xsd:string" />
<xsd: element name="body" type="xsd:string" />
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd: attribute name="id" type="xsd: integer" use="required" />
<xsd: attribute name="date" type="xsd: date" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="messages">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd: element ref="note" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
Message XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<messages xmlns="http://www.messages.org/note"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema?-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.message.org/note message.xsd">
<note id="111" date="2011-09-14">
<to> Robert Sebesta </to>
<to> Tanenbaum </to>
<form> Herbert schildt </form>
<heading> Reminder</heading>
<body> Conference Meeting of authors on 5pm tomorrow</body>
</note>
<note id="112">
<to> Kernighan </to>
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<form> Ritchie </form>
<heading> Important News </heading>
<body> Tomorrow's meeting is cancelled </body>
</note>
</messages>
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6. XML Schema and XML document for employee details
EMP XSD
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="http://www.employee.org/emp"
elementFormDefault="qualified"
xmlns="http://www.employee.org/emp">
<xsd:element name="name">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd: element name="first" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd: element name="middle" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0"/>
<xsd: element name="last" type="xsd:string"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="address">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd: element name="flatno" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd: element name="street" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd: element name="city" type="xsd:string"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="contact-info">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd: element name="landline" type="xsd:integer" minOccurs="0"/>
<xsd: element name="mobile" type="xsd:integer" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:simpleType name="agetype">
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:positiveInteger">
<xsd:minInclusive value="20">
<xsd:maxInclusive value="65">
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:simpleType name="gendertype">
<xsd:restriction base="xsd:string">
<xsd:enumeration value="male">
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<xsd:enumeration value="female">
</xsd:restriction>
</xsd:simpleType>
<xsd:element name="employee">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd: element ref="name"/>
<xsd: element name="age" type="agetype"/>
<xsd: element name="salary" type="xsd:integer"/>
<xsd: element name="designation" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd: element name="dept" type="xsd:string"/>
<xsd: element ref="address"/>
<xsd: element ref="contact-info"/>
<xsd: element name="email-id" type="xsd:string"/>
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="id" type="xsd:integer" use="required" />
<xsd:attribute name="gender" type="gendertype" default="male" />
<xsd:attribute name="organization" type="xsd:string" fixed="mjcet" />
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:element name="emp-db">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd: element ref="employee" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
EMP XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<emp-db xmlns="http://www.employee.org/emp"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.employee.org/emp emp.xsd">
<employee id="100" gender="male" organization="mjcet">
<name>
<first> Robert </first>
<second> schildt </second>
<last> sebesta </last>
</name>
<age> 30 </age>
<salary> 45000 </salary>
<designation> manager </designation>
<dept> cse </dept>
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<address>
<flatno>12345</flatno>
<street>banjara hills</street>
<city>hyderabad</city>
</address>
<contact-info>
<landline>04023355888</landline>
<mobile>9200112233</mobile>
<mobile>9051122334</mobile>
</contact-info>
<email-id>hello_world@gmail.com</email-id>
</employee>
<employee id="110" gender="male" organization="mjcet">
<name>
<first> grady </first>
<second> rumbaugh </second>
<last> jacobson </last>
</name>
<age> 35 </age>
<salary> 35000 </salary>
<designation> associate manager </designation>
<dept> cse </dept>
<address>
<flatno>54321</flatno>
<street>banjara hills</street>
<city>hyderabad</city>
</address>
<contact-info>
<landline>04023355999</landline>
<mobile>9200114455</mobile>
<mobile>9051177334</mobile>
</contact-info>
<email-id>hello_world@yahoo.com</email-id>
</employee>
</emp-db>
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7. XML document using CSS
Style.css
messages {color:green;}
note {background-color:lightgrey;}
to {font-style:italic; display:block;}
from {font-variant:small-caps; display:block;}
heading {text-decoration:underline; display:block;}
body {font-weight:bold; display:block;}
Message XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="style.css"?>
<messagses>
<note>
<to> Robert Sebesta </to>
<form> Herbert schildt </form>
<heading> Reminder</heading>
<body> Conference Meeting of authors on 5pm tomorrow</body>
</note>
</messagses>
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8. XML document for employees using XSL
EMP XSL
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<xsl:template match="/emp-db">
<html>
<head>
<title>XSLT styel sheet</title>
</head>
<body topmargin="100" leftmargin="100" background="b12.jpg">
<h2 align="center">Employee Details</h2>
<table border="5" align="center" cellspacing="8" cellpadding="16">
<tr style="background-color:#BDCFAF;">
<th>Name</th>
<th>age</th>
<th>Salary</th>
<th>Department</th>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select="employee">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="name" /></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="age" /></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="salary" /></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="dept" /></td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
EMP XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="emp.xsl"?>
<emp-db>
<employee>
<name>ivary-jacobson</name>
<age>45</age>
<salary>500</salary>
<dept>it</dept>
</employee>
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<employee>
<name>james-rumbaugh</name>
<age>48</age>
<salary>5000</salary>
<dept>cse</dept>
</employee>
<employee>
<name>grady-booch</name>
<age>46</age>
<salary>4500</salary>
<dept>ece</dept>
</employee>
</emp-db>
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9. XSL to retrieve the employee information whose salary is greater than 500
EMP XSL
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<xsl:template match="/emp-db">
<html>
<head>
<title>XSLT styel sheet</title>
</head>
<body topmargin="100" leftmargin="100" background="b13.jpg">
<h2 align="center">Employee Details</h2>
<table border="5" align="center" cellspacing="8" cellpadding="16">
<tr style="background-color:#BDCFAF;">
<th>Name</th>
<th>age</th>
<th>Salary</th>
<th>Department</th>
</tr>
<xsl:for-each select="employee">
<tr>
<xsl:if test="salary &gt; 500">
<td><xsl:value-of select="name" /></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="age" /></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="salary" /></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="dept" /></td>
</xsl:if>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</body>
</html>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
EMP XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="emp.xsl"?>
<emp-db>
<employee>
<name>ivary-jacobson</name>
<age>45</age>
<salary>500</salary>
<dept>it</dept>
</employee>
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<employee>
<name>james-rumbaugh</name>
<age>48</age>
<salary>5000</salary>
<dept>cse</dept>
</employee>
<employee>
<name>grady-booch</name>
<age>46</age>
<salary>4500</salary>
<dept>ece</dept>
</employee>
</emp-db>
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