1. INTRAMURALS
Intramurals The word 'Intramural' is derived from the Latin word "INTRA" meaning
"WITHIN" and "MURMUS" or "MURALS" meaning "WALL".
It means intramural activities are those activities which are conducted or organized
within the walls of the institution for the students of the institution only. It may be rightly
interpreted that intramural competitions are those competitions which are conducted to promote
the activities within the campus of the institution through the participants of the same institution
only. The motto of the intramural may be taken as "A game for each and each for a game."
While habits, skills, attitudes, knowledge and belief are being developed in regular physical
education classes, the intramural programmes may lead to further development and
achievement of these characteristics to greater significance. The intramural programme offers
opportunities for voluntary participation and competition among students in the same
institution.
The intramural programmes are the best tools to channelize the pent-up motions and
energies of boys and girls and these provide the outlets as well Farther, intramural programmes
provide the opportunities to learn new skills and develop new interests. Consequently, it helps
the students to use their leisure time in a very constructive way.
The intramural programme provides a platform to hunt the talent among the students of
the institution. Those who possess greater aptitudes or natural abilities are selected for further
well organized training programmes and they represent the institution in individual/team sports
in the extramural competitions.
The intramurals provide an opportunity to the students of mode ability for satisfaction
voluntary participation and enjoyment form rich experiences in competitive sports, physical
and recreational activities students derive pleasure as well as the educational benefits from
individual and team competitions I;e active and passive. It should be kept in mind that for the
sake of attraction of large participation the educational goal of physical education and sports
should never be sacrificed.
In nutshell, the intramural programme encourages voluntary participation of a large
number of students in a wide range of activities, with wholesome recreation as the primary
goal.
Objectives of Intramural Programme
The concept of intramural programme came into existence when educationists realized
that the inter scholastic (Extramural) programme did not fulfil all the educationist’s objectives
of physical education and sports. Intramural programme has received importance (impetus) as
a result of attention they have received in our teacher training institutions/departments. The
games and activities to be included in the intramural programme should be selected carefully.
Such activities should be interesting and may be learned easily and both the individual and
team sports should be included. Further, the intramural programme must appeal to students,
and the opportunity to play must be the objectives, most obvious to team.
Other objectives usually thought for intramurals are :
1. Health and fitness

2. 2. Leisure time and recreation
3. Development of citizenship
4. Social contact (socialization)
5. Development of skills and interest
6. Pleasure in playing
7. Contribution to Academic success
8. Development of sports culture
9. Strengthening of body and mind relationship
Need and Importance of Intramural Programme
The need and importance of intramural programme may be well understood in the light
of opportunities it provides for achieving the aim and objectives of general education, viz-a-
viz all round development of personality of the students/participants.
To explain its need and importance some of the important opportunities provided by the
intramural programme are listed as follow:
1. To provide the experience of participation in competitive sports by all students
irrespective of their capabilities, since competitive spirit is natural instinct with
everybody. To satisfy this natural urge, intramural programme is the only way if person
is equipped with poor capabilities. Further intramural covers different levels/sections
of students based on age, gender and skill.
2. Intramural provides incentive and opportunities to learn a variety of skill and then to
take part in competition. In turn competition provides motivation for regular practice
and mastery of skills
3. By involving the students in various capabilities in the organization and conduct of
intramural, it provides opportunity for leadership and fellowship.
4. Intramural programme provides opportunities for the student to organize and conduct
competitions and practice in them as a part of their training that too under the leadership
of experienced teacher of physical education.
5. It provides ample opportunities to develop friendship and have proper socialization
through healthy competitions which could not be readily developed in the class room.
6. To provides opportunity to develop team/group spirit and sense of belongingness to a
group/house.
7. To provide practical experience of officiating in competitive sports.
8. To provide opportunity to develop qualities of a sportsmen/sportsmanship practically
on the play field and then its application outside the play field.
9. Intramural programme provides joy and fun and an opportunity to show your skill in a
competition.
10. Intramurals enable the students to maintain physical fitness and mental health through
recreative sports

3. 11. It provides opportunities for recreation and relaxation from strenuous scholastic work
and the stress and strains from modern
12. It provides opportunities for players with skills and abilities to represent the
school/college in the intramural programme.
13. For the fair selection of teams for extramural programmes and for the talent bunt,
intramural programmes are the best process
for the concluding point of view, it may be said that for developing sound interscholastic,
programme and intramural programmes can play a very vital role. Moreover, all the good
qualities of a human being can be inculcated through intramural programme.
Organisational and Administrative Set-up for the intramural programme
Intramural competitions are conducted under the supervision of some functionaries as
member of a committee. The intramural committee is a democratic organisation not only in its
composition, but also in its working Democratic participations is an attitude of mind and would
involve a sympathetic understanding and cooperation among individuals within and between
groups. The committee is the connecting link between those who conduct programme and those
for whom it is conducted i.e. participants (Active participants and official, especially in case of
teacher training institution of department).
Its composition may be as follows :
1. Intramural Director
2. Assistant Directors
3. Assistant Teachers (Classroom Teacher)
4. secretary
5. Joint Secretary
6. Treasures
a. Staff supervisor/Housemaster.
b. House captain
c. Unit Coach.
d. Team Captain.
Administration/Conducting of Intramural
It is the sole Administration responsibility of the intramural committee to decide the
following essential elements related with the administration of intramural activities.
1. Identification of units for the intramural competition.
2. Rules and regulation for the intramural.
3. Identification of intramural Activities.
4. Decision on time and type of competition.
5. Selection and appointment of official for the intramural competition.
6. Decision on point system and scoring procedure
7. Decision on the procedure of recognition of winner and champion units.
This is fact that administration details of the intramural programme will vary according to
the size and plan of organisation of the institution itself. They will be quite different in a

4. institution of hundred students or less as against an institution with several hundreds to a few
thousands. Further, available facilities faculty, personnel, finance etc will be the crucial factors.
Another important factor is that in charge of the intramural program should be very clear about
the fact that the intramural programme is of equal importance with inter-school/inter college
(Extramural Programme) Therefore, the person in charge of the intramural programme should
not be a coach of any interschool/college activity, to insure that inter school/college interest
will not overshadow intramurals. Therefore, the intramural committee should take mature
decisions regarding the essential elements of intramural programmes while taking into
consideration the aforementioned administrative difficulties
1. Identification of Units for the Intramural Competition
The organisation and administration of intramural programme depends upon the nature
of institution and the streams of study offered by it, because the units to be formed are
based on it. In other words, the scope of tournament depends on the number of unit; the
number of units depends on the nature of institution (Residential, non residential, partial
residential, cold, number of streams being offered by the institution etc. Once the unit are
identified the care should be taken to assign the student to each unit having homogenous
nature to have balanced and genuine competition. Highly skilled or performer students
should either be excluded or equally distributed among all the units.
2. Rules and Regulations
The number of units may desire to being some changes in the rules and regulation of
the intramural competition. It is the responsibility of the intramural committee to decide
the rules and regulations of the intramural competition well before the intramural
competition announced. If changes in the standard rules of any game/sports are
unavoidable, those must be informed to the participants through their house captains or
house master etc. while making changes, one thing must be kept in mind that no single unit
is either benefited or may be put in loss. Rather it should be with the aim to take
Competition most suitable to the other routine programmes of institution and to take
competition attractive and participants friendly. The most important duty of the secretary
of the intramural committee is to keep a record of all the meeting held and decision taken,
the results of the competitions and the score sheets. Because, protest, if any or
championship are to be decided by the intramural committee on the basis of the intramural
competition record maintained and presented by the secretary.
3. Identification of Intramural Activity
The intramural committee has to identify the activities to be conducted or included in
the intramural competition. While doing so, the committee must keep in mind the facilities,
time, finance and personal available, the nature of the institute and objectives of the
intramural programme; the interest of the students in the particular game/sports. After
through analysis major and minor games should be included in the intramural competition.
4. Decision of Time and Type of Competition
The committee has to decide the time for the competition, which must be
complimentary to academic routines of the institution not contradictor, Since, Intramural
competitions shall be conducted throughout the year, the care should be taken to hold the

5. heavy competition in first and second terms Because of the forthcoming examination, the
third should be used for light intramural programme. As far as the type of competition
knock out/league type of competition depends upon the scope of the intramural programme.
Larger the scope, more the teams and lesser the time will be available- knockout tournament
will be preferred, lesser the number of team more time will be available - league tournament
will be preferred. Also, the type of competition depends upon the number of teams, number
of play fields, organizing personnel and also time at your disposal.
5. Selection and Appointment of officials for conducting the Competition
To ensure the satisfaction of the participants, to maintain their interest in the
competition, and to seek their faith in the organizing personnel, the organizing and
administrative personnel of the intramural programme must make earnest efforts to provide
qualified and competent officials for the intramural programme. The official should be well
versed with the latest rules of game/sport including the level of participants, the objectives
of intramurals and the philosophy of the organizers behind the intramural programme so
that they contribute to make the programme a great success. The fairness of the official in
their decision will help them to be accepted by the participants. Ultimately it will be to the
credit of the organizer to provide such transparent machinery for achieving the
predetermined goals of the intramural programme.
Special Features of Intramural Programme
The organisers must keep in mind the special feature of the intramural programme to
achieve its objectives.
1. Team represents units within the school and not the school/college/university as whole.
2. Participation is voluntary, element of force is not desirable.
3. Intramurals should follow the instruction period in that activity to educate the
participants as well as officials.
4. There is no provision of specialized coaching, this gives window the students to
themselves arrange/manage.
5. The stress is always in playing the game and show the skill.
6. Intramurals develop socialization and sportsmanship.
7. Intramural activities are selected according to this interest of the student and facilities
available.
8. Officiating is done by the students themselves. This is especially required and of a great
importance in the teacher training institutions.
9. Rules of the games and the time schedules may be modified suitably.
10. Students play a vital and active role in the organisation of the intramural, especially in
the teaching education institution/departments.
11. The intramural programme provides an opportunity to the students to exercise their
right to sports for all.

6. EXTRAMURAL
Extramural (Inter-Institutional Competition) are conducted between the player of two
or more institutions. In such competition selected players represent their institution in particular
game or sport in order to show their skill and being honour to their institution. Examples of
extramural competitions in the educational set- up are inter-school, inter-college, intervarsity.
In the open category but out of he educational set-up-inter club, village town, city, block,
district, state Competitions fall in second category of extramural competition. The extramural
programme involves an organized effort in the form of tournament between institution or
affiliated units of the same status.
The organisation of inter school, inter college, or university competitions should
contribute to the enrichment of physical education and sports programme in an institution. The
competition must be used as means of attaining the education objectives - health, use of leisure
time, citizenship, character building. national integration etc.
Intramural and extramural competition comprise that phase of physical education and
sports programme in a school, college, university, or other organisation which is geared to the
abilities and skills of the members of the organisation, like intramural, extramural competitions
bring together participants from several institutions which provide opportunities/exposure for
the development of social contacts among the participants as well as organisers.
An organisation is usually devoted to one activity such as athletics, basketball, football,
volleyball, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, handball, mountain climbing and it encourage students to
participate at all levels of skills. It may be managed by members of an organisation, such as
students in schools, college and universities or by central management of an organisation like
board association, federation etc.
To have a board based pyramid of extramural the intramural programme are inevitable.
Then to reach at the grass root level to organisers of extra mural have to play in such a way that
all sections/categories of students are involved. It may be achieved by classifying the
competition like sub junior, junior, senior and open categories. Secondly to have better
administrative control, to provide satisfying experience, to make economically viable, to use
time in the most economical way, etc the area under particular organisation may be divide into
various zones. Finally, inter zonal competition for highly skilled player may be conducted at a
particular place. For example, the competition for schools (elementary, middle, secondary and
senior secondary) should start from each block of education in the district, the inter block at
district level, then inter circle, division/district at the state level and inter state at the national
level. Similarly different zones are identified among the affiliated colleges of the university,
may be based on the popularity of the game, or proximity of the colleges in a district under the
university finally inter zonal competitions are conducted to know the champion team of the
university, on the same lines, intervarsity competitions are organized under the aegis of
Association of Indian University.
General Objectives of Extramural
The objectives of extramural programme ought to be indication of why such
competition are organized and conducted throughout the country. The objectives of extramural

7. are to be compatible with the objectives of physical education and sports and also with those
of education in general.
The objectives of sports competitions (intramurals and extramural may be listed under four
heads in compliance with the spirit of objective physical education and education in general.
The four objectives are
1. Development of Health.
2. Development and display of skills.
3. Social Development.
4. Constructive use of leisure time
1. Development of Health
Extramural competitions in various games/sports contribute to the physical social and
emotional health of the individual. They contribute to develop physical health through
participation in physical activities offering healthy exercise during training as well as
competitions. The characteristics like strength, endurance, speed, body control etc and
developed. They also contribute to social health through group participation and efforts towards
achievements of group goals. Further, they contribute to emotional health by helping a person
to achieve self confidence and to improve self concept and self image.
2. Development and Display of Skills
Extramural offer time opportunities to the participants to develop and display skill in
various games and sports. Through specialization and voluntary participation, extramural
offers participants the opportunity to excel and to expereince the thrill of competition. It is a
fact that an individual enjoys activities in which he has developed skill. Participation in team
game offer an opportunity to develop proficiency in group activities where each person is
greater success and enjoyment. On the other hand, competition in individual sports enables to
develop individual skill which provides self confidence and individual participant displays his
skill with great confidence and enjoy to fullest.
3. Social Development
extramural provide opportunities for social development. Through team game competitions
individuals learn to subordinate their desire to the will of the group/team and to develop
sportsmanship; they learn to cooperate with each other, they also learn fair play, courage, group
loyalty and other desirable social traits. Participants learn to live within the social boundaries
of the group. These experiences offer training for citizenship, adult living and good human
relations.
4. Constructive Use of Leisure Time
Extramural programmes help to develop an interest in many sports and physical education
activities especially during school days. The same interest carries over in later adolescence and
adult years and provide basis for many happy moments during leisure time. These programmes

8. also provide excellent recreational activities during school days especially during adolescence,
when idle moments have the potential to develop anti-social behaviour.
The achievement of the above, mentioned objectives of extramural is subject to the
voluntary and self satisfying experience, fair conduct and play, balanced competition etc. If it
happens, these programmes prove to be complementary to the general programme of education
as well as physical education otherwise by the product of these programme may not be
satisfactory.
To get the best results, achieve desired goals and to provide effective administration
the organizers tend to divide the inter school, inter college and intervarsity competitions into
different zones. The organizers could be the district association, physical education or sports
department of the university or association of Indian University.
All of them have some common objectives as given below:
1. To provide good fellowship amongst the pupils of the educational institution under their
respective areas-blocks districts, zones etc.
2. To maintain high standard of sportsmanship among the students of these institutions.
3. To promote and maintain on a strictly amateur basis - games sports and athletic
activities.
The above mentioned objective may be realized by the following means :
a) Encouragement of extramural at the campus of the institution.
b) Organization of the annual tournament in games/sports and athletic competitions.
c) Encouraging for the participation in intramurals, inter-school, inter college, intervarsity
competition.
d) Organising the play days, physical education displays. demonstration etc to provide
variety of exposure to the students.
e) Securing and maintaining main play grounds for inter institutional activities.
Management of Personnel
Management of personnel depends on the number of institutions participation in the
extramural programme regularly. Also, the level of competition is a deciding factor in this
regard. In general, many management persons are required if extramural programme are to be
a success.
Some Important persons involved are :
1. Director
2. Assistant/Deputy Director
3. Sports Council
4. Organising Committee.
5 Officials

9. 1. The Director
Many schools, colleges, universities, states have well established the position of director
sports/chairman, physical education department, who is a designated director extramural. The
director is the staff explanatory term which means a person who gives the direction to run the
department and conduct the extramural. He is responsible for establishing programmes, getting
adequate funds, involving the affiliated units and evaluating the success of the programme. His
office duties are specific in nature planning, programme, supervising the maintenance of
facilities to management to work with different committees, the press and the public in general;
preparing the budget. arrangement for well qualified officials and the chief guest; preparing
annual report and evaluating work of the programme.
2. Assistant and Deputy Director
As designation suggests, the assistant director is to assist the director in his day to day
functioning in general. Some times specific duties may be assigned to him by the director to
decrease his work load and work democratically.
3. Sports Council
The sports council is constituted either by nomination or by election of the affiliated units.
Normally its members are the heads of the institutions and teachers of physical education.
The Senior most principle and teachers of physical education are nominated/elected as
president and vice president of the council. The director sports functions as a secretary in the
council. The Director sports presents the entire programme of the department in the form of
agenda for discussion suggestions and approval of the council. It means council play an
important role in the decision making process. The members of council deliberates on the
agenda point by point. The council helps to arrive at unanimous decision for the
implementation and improvement of the programme. The council also takes decisions in case
of protests of the teams, participating in the extramural programme- regarding eligibility of
players, poor officiating mis-behaviour of team players, managers coaches etc.
4. Organising Committee
The council decide the allotment of extramural to various institute for a particular
game/sport as per the choice of the institution. The council also decides about the organizing
committee - its institutions, duties, rights etc for the smooth and effective conduct of the
competition.
This is the organizing committee's prerogative to arrange and appoint officials for the game
and also to arrange every thing well before competition is scheduled.
5. Officials
Dedicated, intelligent and professional competent officials are necessary for a sound
extramural programme. They should be qualified officials (referees/coaches) who should have
the knowledge of the goals of the programme and organisations philosophy of competition.
Before the competition starts, they must check that equipment required for the competition is
ready, grounds are properly marked, accurate score sheet are ready, check for any hazards on
account of ground and players, then prepare a detailed report if needed. The moral and ethical
duty of the officials is to officiate the game objectively and impartially.

10. The satisfaction of player, organizing committee, spectators and the organisation depends
largely on the officials of the game. The above mentioned management is just the structural
outlined. Many more functionaries may be included in.
Principles/Guidelines for conducting of Extramural Competitions
Fading amateurism growing professionalism and commercialization in sports, have made
the sports competitions very tough and tense. The growing trends have made our organizers,
officials, players, sports bodies etc. corrupt to the levels beyond imagination. The present
scenario of sports competition has influenced the thinking process of all of us, in general and
heads of institution state, country etc in particular, the efficiency of sports personnel is attached
with the number of cups, medals, shields, or trophies won in extramural competitions. This
kind of thinking has over shadowed achievement of objectives of education, physical education
and sports. also going in the opposite direction of the ideal of Baron Piere de Coubertin "The
important thing in sports is not the winning but the taking part. The essential thing is not
conquering, but fighting well." Therefore, to provide effective and long lasting guards against
danger like over ambitiousness of heads of institutions, coaches, players, organisations, govt.
etc. the physical education and sports personnel must keep in mind the following
principles/guidelines right from the grass-root level to strength the tree of extramural on sound
base while planning to organize extramural competitions:
1. All competitions in educations from the school level to university level should grow
out of physical education programme as an integral part to accomplish to goals of
general education.
2. Highly skilled individual players should not be exploited for the glory of the teacher,
the coach, the school the city etc.
3. A well balanced programme of games and sports should provide opportunities in those
physical/sports activities which may be carried into later life.
4. Greater emphasis should be placed upon extending opportunities for participation in
game and sports to all pupils/students rather than upon the intensive practice and
coaching of a few. The spirit of this principle may be met if the institution believes in
intramural competitions.
5. The organisation and administration of all competitions in the inter-institutional
programme should be fully regulated by duly constituted committee of dedicated,
committed and professionally competent officials, It should not be in the hands of
people with casual approach towards sports competitions.
6. The promotion of innovative approach and self confidence among the players is
transferring/sharing the responsibility for managing and directing the teams during
competitions from coach to student manager or captain.
7. Fair play, courtesy, generosity, self control, honesty and friendly feeling for the
opposing team/institution should not be sacrificed in the desire to win.
8. Sportsmen ideas apply equally to players and spectators, to winners and losers, Players
should be taught tolerance and made strong enough to accept defeat without winning
and victory without boasting.
9. The institution should aim to develop sufficient skills in one or more sports/games
among all its students to create lasting interest.

11. 10. Daily coaching or practice session should not be too long or so strenuous that may affect
the health of the contestant adversely or detract him, unduly from academic work.
Rather, training/coaching session should be planned in such a way that the constant should not
feel the burden and remain in the position to maintain proper balance in the academic and sports
activities.
Finally, it may be concluded that in the process of promotion of extramural, care must
be taken to select suitable activities and keep their number within the practical limits. So that
proper management could be executed safely/precautionary measures must be taken against
the expected and even unexpected happening all possible efforts should be made to have
healthy competition. The coaching/practice for female students must be planned separately and
differently.