SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 258
Download to read offline
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901
cccccccccccccccccccccccc
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
™êÇ≤Ï`«ºq^•º„Ѩg}†`«~°¯–"Õ^•O`«^èŒ∞s}
*’ºu+¨–`«O„`«áês}
„|ǨχN "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
M
.
A
. ã¨O㨯 $`«O
HÍÑ‘Ô~·ò] 2007 "≥Å: 80-00
Q˘Å¡Ñ¨Ó_çg~å™êfiq∞ã¨<£
Ѩa¡+¨~üûJO_£|∞H±ÃãÅ¡~üû
HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O–~å[=∞O„_ç–533101
á¶È<£:2465253
Ѩa¡+¨~üû:
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
cccccccccccccccccccccccc
ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc
Zxq∞k `«O`«„ QÆ„O^äŒ=ÚÅ Hõ^ŒO|O
1
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
~°K«#:
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü,M.A. ã¨O㨯 $`«O
„Ѩ^èŒ=∞=Ú„^Œ}:
_çâ◊O|~°∞–2007
=ÚYz„`åÅ∞:
ÔH.a. „H˜ÜÕ∞+¨<£û
~å[=∞O„_ç –533103.,á¶È<£:2464707
„QÆO^äŒ=Ú„^Œ}:
=∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis„Ñ≤O˜OQ∑ Éˇ·O_çOQ∑=~ü¯û
~å[=∞O„_ç–533104.,
á¶È<£:2478594
=ÚYz„`«=Ú„^Œ}:
Dâ◊fi~ü „QÍѶ≤H±û
~å[=∞O„_ç–533103.,á¶È<£:2461532
„ѨHÍâ◊‰õΩÅ∞ HÍÑ‘Ô~·òǨωõΩ¯^•~°∞Å∞:
Q˘Å¡Ñ¨Ó_çg~å™êfiq∞ã¨<£
HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O–~å[=∞O„_ç.–533101.,
á¶È<£:2465253
2
`≥Å∞QÆ∞Ö’ ''`«O„`« ™êÇ≤Ï`«ºO'' ÖËxH˘~°`«#∞ f~°∞Û`«∂ ''`åO„uHõ
„QÆO^è•=o—— J#∞¿Ñ~° QÆ`« 4 ã¨OIIÅ∞QÍ Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõ=ÚÅ#∞ „ѨK«∞iã¨∂Î
=ã¨∞Î<åfl=Ú. `«O„`« ™ê^茉õΩÅ∞, l*Ï˝ã¨∞=ÙÅ∞ P^Œiã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞ ã¨O`À+¨O.
WѨÙ_»∞ 8 `«O„`«Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõ=ÚÅ#∞ XˆH ѨÙã¨ÎHõ=ÚQÍ „ѨK«∞iã¨∞Î<åfl=Ú.
=Ú„^Œ}Ï=ºÜ«∞O ZO`ÀÃÑiy# D ~ÀAÅÖ’ Wk H˘O`«™êǨÏã¨OQÍ<Õ
ÉèÏqOKåe. J~Ú<å Dâ◊fi~°Hõ$Ѩ=Å¡ J#∞‰õΩ#flk [~°∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk.
1. „Ѩ`«ºOy~å `«O„`«O–nxxQÆ∂iÛ =ÚO^Œ∞ ¿ÑrÅÖ’ q=iOK«
|_ç#k.
2. ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î ~åQÆ=∞O – Wk "å~°}Ïã≤Ö’x ã¨~°ã¨fifÉèí=#
ѨÙãÎ̈HÍÅÜ«∞=ÚÖ’ L#flk. Hõ#fl_»ÉèÏ+¨Ö’ Ǩïa¡#∞O_ç „Ñ¨K«∞iOK« |_ç#k.
3. ¿Ñ¶`å¯i}© `«O„`«O–Wk ã¨~°ã¨fif Éèí=# ѨÙã¨ÎHÍÅÜ«∞OÖ’ 24823
<≥O.`À L#flk. ɡOQÍb eÑ≤Ö’ =O^Œ ã¨OII„H˜`«O =Ú„kOK«|_çOk.
4. =O^蕺 `«O„`«O–¢ã‘ÎÅ QÆ~°ƒùq+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ PÜ«Úˆ~fi^Œ âßG=Ú#∞
q=iOz# =∞ǨÏ`«Î~° ѨÙã¨ÎHõO.
5. g}ÏtY `«O„`«O–Wk t=Ùx "å=∂Kå~° q^è•#=ÚÖ’ ѨÓ*ÏѨ^Œúu
`≥eÜ«∞*Ëã¨∞ÎOk. q=~°=ÚÅ∞ 83 #∞O_ç 93=~°‰õΩ ¿ÑrÅÖ’
q=iOK«|_çOk. @∂º<£ Q“„_çÜ«∞<£ (<≥^Œ~å¡O_£) nxx Ѩiâ’kèOz–WOw¡+¨μ
J#∞"å^ŒO KÕâß~°∞.
6. *Ï˝# ã¨OHõeh `«O„`«O – Wk =O^Œ ã¨OII„H˜`«O HõÅHõ`åÎÖ’
~°ã≤Hõ K«O„^ŒK«’ìáê^蕺ܫ∞ ɡOQÍb ÉèÏ+¨Ö’ „ѨK«∞iOKå~°∞. `«~°∞"å`«
HÍjÖ’x ã¨OѨÓ~å‚#O^Œ ã¨O㨯 $`« qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O"å~°∞ „ѨK«∞iOKå~°∞.
7. _®=∞~° `«O„`«O–Wk KÒYOÉÏ"å~°∞ „ѨK«∞iOKå~°∞. g~°O^ŒiH©
Hõ$`«[˝`«Å∞ `≥eÜ«∞*Ëã¨∞Î<åfl#∞.
=Ú#∞fl_ç
3
8. ^Œâ◊=∞Ǩq^ŒºÅ∞–D q^ŒºÅ‰õΩ =¸Å=Ú "Õ^Œ=ÚÖ’<Õ L#flk.
''Ü«∞*’˝"≥· ^Œâ◊Ǩϟ`å–Jx `≥·`«ÎsÜ«∞ „ÉÏǨχ}=ÚÖ’#∞, ''^ŒâßHõΔ~å"≥· q~åò——
Jx â◊`«Ñ¨^èŒ „ÉÏǨχ}=ÚÖ’#∂, Ѩkq^ŒºÅ‰õΩ P^è•~°=Ú Å∞#flq. JO`ÕQÍHõ
''Ü«∞^•"≥· Hõ$`åº=Ú`«ö#Ou J^茙êÅ™ê "≥∂Ѷ¨∂ Éèí=uII `«^èÀ U"≥·+¨ U`«^Œº™ê‡
J„`« HõtÛ`ü kfi+¨<£ ÉèÏ`«$=ºóI Hõ$`åº|ÖÏæO xY#u `å<Õ"≥· `«^Œ∞u¯~°u–Jx
â◊`«Ñ¨^èŒ „ÉÏǨχ}=ÚÖ’ 3–5–4–3– Hõ$`åºâ◊H˜Î J~Ú# |QÆàÏ=Úv–|ÖÏæ
Jx LÖË¡dOK« |_ç#k. Wk =∂~°}–"≥∂ǨÏ#– LKåÛ@#– q^Õfi+¨}ÅO^Œ∞
„ѨÜ≥∂yOѨ |_»∞#∞.
HÍo J#QÍ Z#s˚ HÍfiOÏQÍ, ã¨^•t=Ù_»#QÍ HÍxÊùQƈ~+¨<£
â◊H˜ÎÜ«∞x–=∞ǨHÍÅ∞_»∞ ZÅ¢HÀì"Õ∞QÆfl˜[O Jx P^èŒ∞xHõ `åO„uHõ–âßG
"Õ`«ÎÅ∞ x~å÷iOKå~°∞.
*’ºu+¨ âßG=∞O^Œ∞ ‰õÄ_® YzÛ`«OQÍ 1800
_ç„wÅÖ’ Z^Œ∞Ô~^Œ∞~°∞QÍ
^≥·g–Pã¨∞s â◊‰õΩÎÅ∞#flq. ã¨OѨ^Œ‰õΩ Jkè^Õ=`« J~Ú# ÅH©;^ÕqH˜ =$+¨ÉèíOÖ’
~ÀÇ≤Ï}˜Ö’ LK«Û J~Ú`Õ, 1800
ÅÖ’ *˺+¨ìÖ’ =$tÛHõOÖ’ ^Œi„^Œ^Õ=`«
H˘Å∞"≥· Ü«Ú#flk. 9 „QÆǨÏ=ÚʼnõΩ ‰õÄ_® 1800
ÅÖ’<Õ LK«ÛhK«=ÚÅ∞#flq.
^Œâ◊=∞Ǩq^ŒºÅ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ áê~åÜ«∞} =Å# PÜ«∂ „QÆǨ#∞
„QÆǨÏ=Ú Hõey PÜ«Ú~å~ÀQƺ Sâ◊fi~åº^Œ∞Å∞ HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞ q=~°=ÚÅ∞ ¿ÑrÖ’
L#flq.
t"å~°Ê}=∞ã¨∞Î
=∞Ǩt=~å„u – 2002
`«O„`« l*Ï˝ã¨∞=Ù
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
4
1. „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O – 7–37
2. ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O – 38–51
3. ¿Ñ¶`å¯i}©`«O„`«O – 52–66
4. =O^蕺`«O„`«O – 67–82
5. g}ÏtY`«O„`«O – 83–93
6. *Ï˝#ã¨OHõeh`«O„`«O – 94–99
7. _®=∞~°`«O„`«O – 100–121
8. ^Œâ◊=∞Ǩq^ŒºÅ∞ – 122–256
5
q[Ü«∞ã¨∂zHõ
Z
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
6
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
FO #=∞ó t"åÜ«∞
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`Àáêã¨#. "≥·kHõ–`åO„uHõ ÉèË^Œ=ÚKÕ`«
Ô~O_»∞q^èŒ=ÚÅ∞QÍ #∞#flk. "≥·kHõ =∞O„`«=Ú J^èŒ~°fi} "Õ^Œ=ÚÖ’ â∫#Hõ
ã¨OÇ≤Ï`«Ö’ 10 HÍO_»=ÚÖ’ 1–35–39 ã¨∂HõÎ=ÚÅÖ’ 44
=∞O„`«=ÚÅ∞#flq. J^èŒ~°fi} "Õ^Œ Ñ≤ѨÊÖÏ^Œ âßYÖ’ 48 =∞O„`«=ÚÅ∞QÍ
#∞#flk. g˜ „ѨÜ≥∂QÆ=ÚÅ∞ ''<å~°^Œ`«O„`«O—— J<Õ „QÆO^äŒ=ÚÖ’ #∞#flq.
`åO„uHõ „Ѩ`«ºOy~°–c*ÏHõΔ~°=ÚÅ`À ‰õÄ_ç# 25 JHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞ HõÅk.
=∂ÖÏ=∞O„`«=Ú "Õ~°∞QÍ HõÅ^Œ∞. ^Õ=`Àáêã¨#Ö’ 5 JOQÆ=ÚÅ∞ HõÅ=Ù.
Ѩ@ÅO–Ѩ^Œúf =~°‡`«^è•<å=∞ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨HõO I
™È΄`å}˜KÕu ѨOKåOQÆO ^Õ=`Àáêã¨<Õ㨇 $`«"£∞ II
Hõ=K«O ^Õ=`åQÍ„`«O Ѩ@ÅO ^Õ=`å t~°ó
Ѩ^Œúuˆ~Ì= ǨϙœÎ`«∞ =ÚYO ™êǨτã¨HõO 㨇 $`«O
™È΄`å}˜ ^Õ=`åáê^Ò Ñ¨OKåOQÆOѨOK«aè 㨇 $`«O II
`å : Ѩ@ÅO–Wk =¸Å=∞O„`«=Ú#∞ <åºã¨=ÚÅ#∞ `≥eÜ«∞
*ËÜ«Ú#∞. 2–Ѩ^Œ÷u–Ü«∞O„`« ѨÓ*Ïq^è•#=Ú 3. =~°‡–Wk Hõ=K«=Ú,
7
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
4. ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=Ú 5.™È`«ÎO–Wk â’¡Hõ=ÚÅ`À #∞O_»∞#∞. ^Õ=`«‰õΩ Hõ=K«O
â◊s~°=ږѨ@ÅO t~°ã¨∞û–Ѩ^Œúu ǨÏã¨Î=ÚÅ∞–ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O =ÚY=Ú–
™È΄`«O áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞ JQÆ∞K«∞#flq. Wq =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# 5 JOQÆ=ÚÅ∞.
„Ѩã¨∞Î`«O WO^Œ∞ `åO„uHõ q^è•#=ÚÖ’x „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ѨOKåOQÆ=ÚÅ∞
`≥Å∞Ѩ|_ç#q.
„Ѩ`«ºOy~°[##O
ѨÓ~°fi HõÅÊ=ÚÖ’ ^Õ=^•#=ÙʼnõΩ Ü«Ú^ŒúO [iy#ѨÙ_»∞ ^•#=ÙÅ∞
F_çáÈÜ«∂~°∞. JѨÙ_»∞ N =∞Ǩq+¨μ‚=Ù t=Ù_çzÛ# ã¨∞^Œ~°≈# K«„Hõ=Ú#∞
^•#=ÙÅÃÑ· „ѨÜ≥∂yOK≥#∞. Jk‰õÄ_® "åix Ug∞ KÕÜ«∞ÖËHõáÈ~Ú#k
JѨÙ_»∞ Ѩ~°=∞t=Ù_»∞ ã¨~°fiâ◊`«$<åâ◊<å~°úO Ѩ~åâ◊H˜Îx 㨇iOK«QÍ, â◊H˜Î
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å^ÕqQÍ Pq~°ƒùqOz ^•#=ÙÅO^Œih #tOѨKÕÃã#∞. J#O`«~°O
t=Ù_»∞–P â◊H˜Î`À „ѨuѨHõΔ<åtx–„Ѩu=∞O„`« ÉèíHõΔ}˜ JQÆ∞@=Å#, h=Ù
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å â◊H˜ÎQÆ LO_≥^Œ=x <å=∞Hõ~°}=Ú KÕã≤ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞O„`«=Ú
Ѩ~°=∞ áê=#"≥∞ÿ#^Œx áêѨ<åâ◊#=∞x P^ÕtOK≥#∞. D „Ѩ`«ºOy~°ÜÕ∞
J^èŒ~°fi}HÍoÜ«∞x x‰õΩOaèÅJx, Ñ≤Å∞=|_»∞K«∞#flk.
™ê^茉õΩÅ∞ g˜x 㨄Hõ=∞=ÚQÍ PK«iOz W+¨ªã≤kú á⁄O^ŒQÆÅ~°x
ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl#∞.
–"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
II FO #=∞ó t"åÜ«∞ II
J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞Ǩ=∞O„`«ã¨º =∞ǨÉèˇ·~°= |∞∞+≤ó II J#∞+¨μªÑπ
Kè«O^Œó N=∞¢`«Ê`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åII SO c[O „Ç‘ÏOâ◊H˜Îó ™êfiǨ H©ÅHõOII
Éè’QÍѨ =~°æ ã≤^Œúºˆ~ú qxÜ≥∂QÆó : ^蕺#â’¡HõO –
8
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
JâßO|~å =ÚHõÎHõKå Ѷ¨∞#K«Ûùq
ˆ~̺ܫ∂ ã¨K«~å‡ã≤ Hõ~åÇ≤Ï Éèí∂+¨}Ï
^ŒO¢ëÈì„QÆ =¢HÍÎ „QÆã≤`åÇ≤Ï`å `«fiÜ«∂
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å â◊OHõ~°`Õ[¿ãi`å II
=¸Å=∞O„`« :–
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ =∞=∞~°HõΔ ~°HõΔ=∞=∞ â◊„`«∂<£ ÉèíHõΔÉèíHõΔ
FO ™êfiǨ II 25 JHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞.
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å„áê}„Ѩu+¨ª
FO PO „Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO ÅO HõΔO
ÇπÏ™œO ǨÏOã¨ó N „Ѩ`«ºOy~åÜ«∂ó „áê}Ï WǨτáê}Ïó FO PO„Ç‘ÏO
„HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO HõΔO ÇπÏ ™œO N „Ѩ`«ºOy~åÜ«∂ó
r= WǨÏã≤÷`«ó II FO PO „Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO
à◊O HõΔO ÇπÏ ã¨ó 㨈~fiO„kÜ«∂}˜ WǨÏã≤÷`åx FO PO „Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O
ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO ÅO HõΔO ÇπÏ ™œO ǨÏO ã¨ó– "åOQƇ#ã¨ÎfiH±
K«‰õΔΩó „â’„`«„Ѷ¨∂} „áê}Ï WǨQÆ`«º ã¨∞YO z~°O u+¨ªO`«∞ ™êfiǨ II
Jx „áê}„Ѩu+¨ªKÕã≤ |∞∞ëêºk <åºã¨=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞.
J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞Ǩ=∞O„`«ã¨º =∞ǨÉèˇ·~°=|∞∞+≤óII J#∞+¨μìÑπ Kè«O^ŒóII
N =∞¢`«Ê`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åII SO c[O–„Ç‘ÏO â◊H˜Îó– ™êfiǨ H©ÅHõOII
Éè’QÍѨ=~°æ ã≤^Œúºˆ~ú [<Õ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II
Éèˇ·~°= |∞∞+¨ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó– t~°ã≤
J#∞+¨μªÑπ Kè«O^Œ¿ã #=∞ó– =ÚMË
N =∞¢`«Ê`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó– ǨÏ$k
„Ç‘ÏO c*ÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó QÆ∞¿ÇϺ
9
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
NO â◊HõÎÜÕ∞ #=∞ó– áê^ŒÜ≥∂ó
™êfiǨ H©ÅHÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó– <åÉè∫
=∞=∞ N ^èŒ~å‡~°ú HÍ=∞"≥∂HΔ͈~ú [¿ÑqxÜ≥∂QÆó
SO #=∞ó–<åÉèϺk áê^•O`«O
„Ç‘Ï #=∞ó–HõO~îåk <åÉèϺO`«O
NO #=∞ó–=¸~åúk HõO~îåO`«O
SO #=∞ó–"å=∞áê}˜`«ÖË, „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó ^ŒH˜Δ} áê}˜`«ÖË. NO #=∞ó
LÉèíÜ≥∂ó, FO SO JOQÆ∞ëêªÉèϺO FO „Ç‘ÏO `«~°˚hÉèϺO #=∞ó, FO NO
=∞^䌺=∂ÉèϺO #=∞ó, „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ J<åq∞HÍÉèϺO #=∞ó, =∞=∞ ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ
Hõx+≤ìHÍÉèϺO #=∞ó, =∞=∞â◊„`«∂<£ ÉèíHõΔÉèíHõΔ FO ™êfiǨ Hõ~°`«Å Hõ~°Ñ¨$ëêìÉèϺO
#=∞ó
FO SO ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂Ü«∞ #=∞óII „Ç‘ÏO t~°¿ã ™êfiǨ FO tMÏÜ≥ÿ∞
=+¨òII „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ Hõ=KåÜ«∞ ǨïOII =∞=∞ ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ <Õ„`«„`«Ü«∂Ü«∞ "Ò+¨òI
=∞=∞â◊„`«∂<£II ÉèíHõΔÉèíHõΔ FO ™êfiǨ J¢™êÎÜ«∞ Ѷ¨ò II
=∂`«$HÍ<åºã¨O
FO J㨺N JO`«~å‡`«$HÍ<åºã¨ã¨º „|Ǩ‡|∞∞+≤ó QÍÜ«∞„f Kè«O^Œó–
N=∂`«$HÍ ã¨~°ã¨fif ^Õ=`å ǨÏÖ’ c*Ïx–ã¨fi~åó J=ºHõÎO H©ÅHõO– =∞=∞
N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`Õfi# <庿ã qxÜ≥∂QÆó– Jx JO[e Ѷ¨∞˜Oz 㨇~°}`À
<åºã¨=Ú KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞.
„|Ǩ‡ |∞∞+¨ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó–t~°ã≤, QÍÜ«∞„f Kè«O^Œ¿ã #=∞ó =ÚMË– N
JO`«~å‡`«$HÍ ^Õ=`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜÕ∞–ǨÏÖ’ c*ËÉè’º #=∞ó
QÆ∞¿ÇϺ–ã¨fi~åó â◊H˜ÎÉè’º #=∞ó áê^ŒÜ≥∂ó– J=ºHõÎO H©ÅHÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó
<åÉè∫–=∞=∞ N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`Õfi# <庿ã qxÜ≥∂QÆó Wu ã¨~åfiOˆQII
10
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO JO HõO YO QÆO Ѷ¨∞O VO PO JOQÆ∞ëêªÉèϺO
#=∞ó–
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO WO K«O Kè«O [O ~°≠O WO DO t~°¿ã™êfiǨ–
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO LO @O ~î°O _»O _è»O}O TO tMÏÜ≥ÿ∞ =+¨ò–
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO UO `«O ^äŒO ^ŒO ^èŒO #O SO Hõ=KåÜ«∞ ǨïO
FO SO„Ç‘ÏO NO FO ѨO Ѷ¨O |O ÉèíO =∞O BO <Õ„`«„`«Ü«∂Ü«∞
"Ò+¨ò
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO JO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO ÅO HõΔO
Jó J¢™êÎÜ«∞ Ѷ¨ò–
JO #=∞ó–#∞Oz Jó#=∞ó =~°‰õΩ–HõOˆ~î ëÈ_»â◊^Œàı, HõO#=∞ó
–YO#=∞ó
QÆO #=∞ó Ѷ¨∞O #=∞ó–VO#=∞ó K«O #=∞ó–Kè«O#=∞ó–[O#=∞ó
–~°≠O #=∞ó
&O #=∞ó @O#=∞ó ~î°O#=∞ó W`«º<åǨÏ`Õ ^•fi^Œâ◊^Œàı–_»O #=∞ó
–}O ##∞ó–`«O #=∞ó–^èŒO #=∞ó ^ŒO #=∞ó–^èŒO #=∞ó– #O#=∞ó
– Ѷ¨O#=∞ó Ѷ¨O#=∞ó
Wu <åÉè∫ ^Œâ◊^Œàı–|O#=∞ó ÉèíO#=∞ó =∞O#=∞ó Ü«∞O #=∞ó
~°O#=∞ó ÅO #=∞ó–Wu eOQÆ=¸ÖË +¨ò^ŒÖË–=O #=∞ó
â◊O#=∞ó +¨O #=∞ó ã¨O#=∞ó Wu =¸ÖÏ^蕈~ K«`«∞~°ÌÖ˖ǨÏO #=∞ó
HõΔO #=∞ó Wu „Éèí∂=∞^èÕº kfi^Œàı.
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO JO #=∞ó–t~°ã≤ PO#=∞ó=ÚY=$`ÕΖ WO#=∞ó
^ŒHõΔ<Õ„`Õ–DO #=∞ó
"å=∞<Õ„`Õ–LO#=∞ó
11
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
"å=∞Hõˆ~‚– |∞∞O#=∞ó
^ŒHõΔ<å¿ã |∞∂O#=∞ó"å=∞"å¿ã ÅO #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔQÆO_Õ ÖÏO#=∞ó
"å=∞QÆO_Õ UO#=∞ó
T~ÀÌ¿+ª– SO#=∞ó
J^èŒ~À¿+ì–FO #=∞ó
T~°úfi^ŒO`«Ñ¨OH“ΖJOó#=∞ó
=¸i÷fl Jó #=∞ó
Jã≤≈fl HõO #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔÉÏǨï=¸ÖË YO#=∞ó
‰õÄ~°Êˆ~ QÆO#=∞ó
=∞}˜|O^äՖѶ¨∞O #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔǨϙêÎOQÆ∞e =ÚÖË&O #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔǨϙêÎO QÆ∞ź„ˆQ– K«O#=∞ó
"å=∞ÉÏǨï=¸ÖË–&O#=∞ó
"å=∞ǨϙêÎOQÆ∞e=¸ÖË &O #=∞ó
"å=∞ÉÏǨï=¸ÖË – &O#=∞ó
"å=∞ǨϙêÎOQÆ∞e=¸ÖË &O #=∞ó
"å=∞ǨϙêÎO QÆ∞ź„ˆQ @O #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔáê^Œ=¸ÖË–~î°O#=∞ó
12
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
*Ï#∞x– _»O #=∞ó
QÆ∞ÖËÊù–_è»O #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔáê^•OQÆ∞e =¸ÖË–}O #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔáê^•O QÆ∞ź„ˆQ–`«O#=∞ó
QÆ∞ź„ˆQ–`«O #=∞ó
"å=∞áê^Œ=¸ÖË– ^èŒO#=∞ó
*Ï#∞x¢^ŒO#=∞ó QÆ∞ÖËÊù–^èŒO #=∞ó
"å=∞áê^•OQÆ∞e =¸ÖË#O–#=∞ó
L^Œˆ~ Ü«∞O `«fiQÍ`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
"å=∂O¿ã ~°OJã¨$QÍ`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
^ŒHΔÍO¿ã–JO=∂O™ê`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k ^ŒHõΔHõ~åO`«O â◊O J™êκ`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞Hõ~åO`«O +¨O =∞*Ï˚`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞Hõ~åO`«O ã¨O â◊√HÍ¡`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞áê^•O`«O–ǨÏO „áê}Ï`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞áê^•O`«O– à◊O r"å`«‡<Õ#=∞ó
áê^•k ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂O`«O– HõΔѨ~°=∂`«‡<Õ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k =¸~å÷O`«O.
ѨOKå^Œâ◊^Œfi~°‚~°∂áêOK« HõѨ~°Ìâ◊â◊Éèí∂+¨}ÏO
â◊√^Œúã¨Êù˜Hõ ã¨OHÍâßO â◊√^ŒúHΔ“=∞ q~ål`åO II
=ÚHÍÎ~°`«fl ã¨∞Êù~°^Œ∂ƒùëêO [Ѩ=∂ÖÏO Hõ=∞O_»ÅO
ѨÙã¨ÎHõO =~°^•#OK« a„ÉèífO Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fis"£∞ II
13
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
q^•º<åºã¨O
SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ=∞}˜|O^èÕ–
„Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó `«ÖË–NO #=∞ó
Hõˆ~–SO ã¨=∞ó
"å=∞=∞}˜|O^èÕ–„Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó
`«ÖË–NO #=∞óHõˆ~–SO#=∞ó
^ŒHõΔHõˆHΔ– „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔ‰õÄ~°Êˆ~– NO #=∞ó
áê}∫ – SO #=∞ó
"å=∞HõˆHΔ–„Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó
"å=∞‰õÄ~°Êˆ~ NO#=∞ó
"å=∞áê}∫–SO #=∞ó
^ŒHõΔáê^ŒHõˆHΔ „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó
*Ï#∞x NO#=∞ó
áê^•„ˆQ–SO #=∞ó
"å=∞áêK« HõˆHΔ º– „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó
*Ï#∞x NO#=∞ó áê^•„ˆQ–SO#=∞ó
eOˆQ „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó
ǨÏ$k NO#=∞ó <å^•O`Õ II
14
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
#=Ü≥∂x<åºã¨O
SO#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔHõˆ~‚
„Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó "å=∞‰õˆ~‚
NO#=∞ó z|∞ˆH
SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔâ◊OMË
„Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó "å=∞â◊OMË
NO#=∞ó =ÚMË SO#=∞ó
^ŒHõΔ<Õ„`Õ „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó
"å=∞<Õ„`Õ NO#=∞ó
‰õΩHΔ“–SO
#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ*Ï#∞x
„Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó "å=∞*Ï#∞x
NO#=∞ó "å=∞*Ï#∞x
NO==∞ <åÉè∫
SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔáê^Õ
„Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó <å=∞áê^Õ
NO #=∞ó "å=∞ *Ï#∞x
NO#=∞ó HõOˆ~î II
Ñ‘~î°<åºã¨O
=¸Å^蕈~ P^è•~°â◊HõÎÜÕ∞ #=∞ó „ѨHõ$`≥º #=∞ó Hõ=∞~îåÜ«∞ #=∞ó–
âıëêÜ«∞ #=∞ó Ѩ$kè"≥º #=∞ó ã¨∞^è•O |∞^茿ã #=∞ó– =∞}˜nfiáêÜ«∞ #=∞ó
zO`å=∞}˜ QÆ$ǨÜ«∞ #=∞ó ~°`«fl "ÕkHÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó =∞}˜Ñ‘~îåÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
k‰õΔΩ <å<å=Úx QÆ}ËÉè’º #=∞ó ã¨=∞ã¨Î ^Õ"ÕÉè’º #=∞ó Ѩ^•‡Ü«∞#=∞ó
„ѨHõ$u=∞Ü«∞ „Ѩ`«ºÜÕ∞Éè’º #=∞ó– qHõ$u=∞Ü«∞ ˆH㨈~Éè’º #=∞ó ѨOKåâ◊`ü
15
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
c[Éèí∂+≤`« Hõi‚HÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó ǨϙœO ã¨^•t= =∞Ǩ„¿Ñ`åã¨<åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó
„|Ǩχq+¨μ‚ ~°∞„^Õâ◊fi~° ã¨^•t= =∞Ǩ„¿Ñ`« =∞Ǩ Ѩ^•‡ã¨<åÜ«∞ #=∞ó Ѩ~°=∞
t=Ѩ~°ºOHÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞=∞O^Œ∞ `å<Õ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^ÕqQÍ ^蕺xOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
T~°úfi HõáêÅO _»=∞~°∞O „uâ◊¥ÅO
ã¨Oa„Éèíf |^Œú HõàÏ=`«Oã¨O I
Ñ≤OQÀ~°úfi ˆHj ã≤`«cè=∞^ŒO¢ëêì
Éèí∂Ü«∂ kfiÉèí∂`≥º=∞=∞ Éèí„^ŒHÍo II
„Ѩ`«ºOy~°#∞ =∂#™ÈѨKå~°=ÚÅ`À P~åkèOz Ü«∞^è•â◊H˜Î
[ѨǨϟ=∞=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
P=~°}Ï~°Û#
`«∂~°∞Ê# WO„^Œ N áê^Œ∞HÍ Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞ ##∞ó
PˆQflÜ«∂O Jyfl Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ ##∞ó
^ŒH˜Δ}Ë Ü«∞=∞N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó–
<≥·|∞∞`åºOx|∞∞u Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó
ѨtÛ"Õ∞– =~°∞} N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó
"åÜ«Ú"Õº "åÜ«ÚN áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó
L`«Îˆ~ ‰õΩÉË~°Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó
Dâß<Õº–Dâß# N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó
WO„^Œ–Dâß#ºÜ≥∂~°‡^èÕº „|ǨχN áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó
=~°∞} ~åHõΔã¨Ü≥∂~°‡^èÕº
q+¨μ‚ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó, Wu ѨÓ*ÏÜÕ∞`ü, `«~°ÊÜÕ∞`ü II
PÜ«Ú^èŒÑ¨Ó[–`«∂~°∞Ê "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ =„[N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞
`«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
16
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
â◊H˜Î N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
^ŒO_»Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
áêâ◊N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
^èŒfi[Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
QÆ^•Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
„uâ◊¥Å N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó II
„u=$`ÕÎ
HÍÖÏ#O^Œ<å^èŒ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
Ѩ~°=∞QÆ∞~°∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
Ѩ~°=∂Kå~°º Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
Ѩ~°"Õ∞+≤ª Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
k"Òº+¨μ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
ã≤^Òú+¨μ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
=∂#"Ò+¨μ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
ã¨fiQÆ∞~°∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
J+¨ì^ŒÖË+¨μ
`«∂~°∞Ê#∞Oz
JO Jã≤`åOQÆ Éèˇ·~°=
N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII
PO „ÉÏǑχ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó–
WO ~°∞~°∞Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
DO =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
17
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
LO K«O_»Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
TO H“=∂s N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII
|∞∞O „HÀ^èŒÉèˇ·= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII
|∞∂O "≥·+¨‚g N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
ÅO L#‡`«ÎÉèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
`«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
ÅO L#‡`«ÎÉèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
ÖÏO "å~åÇ‘Ï N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
UO HõáêeÉèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
SO =∞¿ÇÏO„n NN áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII
FO cè+¨}Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
BO Kå=Ú_® N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII
JOã¨OǨ~° Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Jó
<å~°~°ã≤OÇ¨Ï N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
„QÆOkè™êú<Õ+¨μ
ѨtÛ=∞O #∞Oz –
HÍ=∞~°∂Ѩ Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
=∞ÅÜ«∞yiÑ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
Ö’ÖÏixÑ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
HÍÖÏO`«~°Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
KÀǨϟ~°Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
*ÏÅO^èŒ~°Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
L_ô¤Ü«∂#Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
^Õ=‰õÄ@Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
18
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
=$`«Î=∞O_»ÖË
ѨtÛ=∞O #∞Oz – T~°úfi=∞^èŒâ◊Û
¿ÇÏ~°∞Hõ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
ÉèË`åà◊ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
„uѨÙ~åO`«Hõ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
JyfllǨfi Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
HÍÖÏO`«Hõ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
Hõáêe Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
UHõáê^Œ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
cè=∞ ~°∂ѨÉèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
T~°úfiO–=∞ÅÜ«∞Éè̌·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
J^äŒó–Ǩ@ ˆHâ◊fi~° Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
J+¨ìÜ≥∂Ѩx+¨μ
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO ã¨ÎOaèh Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO HΔÀaè}˜ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO „^•q}© Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO „ÉèÏq∞}˜ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO ~“„k}˜ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
FO SO „Ç‘ÏO ã¨OǨi}˜ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
PˆQflÜÕ∞–FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
Dâß<Õº FO SO „Ç‘ÏO t~°ó NO ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
<≥·|∞∞`åºO tMÏNáê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
"åÜ«∞"Õº FO SO „Ç‘ÏO t~°ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
19
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
=∞^äÕº FO SO „Ç‘ÏO <Õ„`« Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
k‰õΔΩ FO SO „Ç‘ÏO JG Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
„uHÀ}Ë
PˆQflÜÕ∞–FO SO „Ç‘ÏO JG Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
Dâß<Õº–FO SO „Ç‘ÏO JG Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
aO^Ò
=¸Å =ÚKåÛ~°º–NÉèˇ·~°= ã¨Ç≤Ï`åO N=∞`ü N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å
Ѩ~å"å=∞áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó
K«`«∞~°„¿ã
ѨtÛ"Õ∞ – ÉÏO|@∞HõO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó
L`«Îˆ~ – Ü«∂O Ü≥∂yhÉè’º #=∞ó
Ѩӈ~fi – HΔÍO ˆHΔ„`«áêÖÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó
^ŒH˜Δ}Ë – QÆO QÆ}Ѩ`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó
"åÜ«∞"Õº – =ã¨∞^è•Éè’º #=∞ó
Dâß<Õº – ^•fi^Œâßk`ÕºÉè’º #=∞ó
PˆQflÜÕ∞ – UHÍ^Œâ◊ ~°∞„^ÕÉè’º #=∞ó
<≥·|∞∞`åºO – 㨈~fiÉè’º Éèí∂`ÕÉè’º #=∞ó
^Õqã¨q∂¿Ñ ^ŒHõΔǨϿãÎ Jã≤N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[ ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞
#=∞óI K«~°‡Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óI aO^Ò–
=¸Å=∞O„`Õ} ^ÕgO ã¨OѨÓ[º. ã¨O`«~°Êº, =Ú„^•Oó „Ѩ^Œ~°≈º, =Ú„^•ó
„Ѩ^Œ~°≈º, ѨÙëêÊO[e „`«ÜÕ∞} =∞#ã¨∞º~åº`ü II
20
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
ÃÇ˙=∞O
JyflÜ«∞O^Œ∞–ÖË^• [Å=∞O^Œ∞ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å K«„HõO ÉèÏqOz–
„áê}ÏÜ«∞™êfiǨ–Jáê<åÜ«∞ ™êfiǨ–"åº<åÜ«∞™êfiǨ–L^•<åÜ«∞
™êfiǨ–ã¨=∂<åÜ«∞ ™êfiǨI Jx PǨï`«∞ezÛ, =¸Å=∞O„`«=Ú`À
Ǩϟ=∞=Ú KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞, ã¨fiǨÏ$k qã¨$[º –
Dâß<Õ =∞O_»ÅO Hõ$`åfi– ÉÏO|@∞HÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó U¿ÇϺÇ≤Ï ^ÕgѨل`«
|@∞Hõ<å^èŒ HõÑ≤Å [ÏÉèÏ~° ÉèÏã¨fi~° „u<Õ„`« *ÏfiÖÏ=ÚY ã¨~°fiqѶ¨∂fl<£ <åâ◊Ü«∞
<åâ◊Ü«∞ ã¨~ÀfiѨKå~° ã¨Ç≤Ï`«O |eOQÆ$Ǩς™êfiǨ –
PˆQflÜ«∂O– Ü≥∂yhÉè’º #=∞ó
T~°úfiO „|Ǩ‡O_»`À"å kqQÆQÆ#`«ÖË Éèí∂`«ÖË x+¨¯ÖË"å
áê`åàı "å`«ÖË"å Ѩ=#ã¨eÅÜ≥∂ Ü«∞„`« ‰õΩ„`«ã≤ú`À"åII
ˆHΔ„`Õ Ñ‘~îÀÑ‘~îåk+¨μK« Hõ$`«Ñ¨^• ^èŒ∂ѨnáêkˆH#
„Ñ‘`å^Õ=ºó ã¨^•#ó â◊√Éèí |eqkè<åáê`«∞ gˆ~O„^Œ =O^•ºII
Ü«∂O Ü≥∂yhÉè’º #=∞ó ™êfiǨII ã¨~°fiÜ≥∂yh„Ç‘ÏO
Ѷ¨ò™êfiǨ–Wu Ü≥∂yh |eII
<≥·|∞∞`åºO–HΔÍOH©ΔO ‰õΔÄO ÔHΔÂO HΔ“O HõΔó ˆHΔ„`« áêÅ Ju|eã¨Ç≤Ï`«O
|eO QÆ$ǨςQÆ$Ǩς ™êfiǨ II
"åÜ«∞"Õº–QÍO wO QÆ∂O QÆ}Ѩ`«ÜÕ∞ =~°=~°^Œ ã¨~°fi[#O"Õ∞
=â◊=∂#Ü«∞ |eO QÆ$ǨςQÆ$Ǩς ™êfiǨ II
Wu |eO ã¨=∞~°Êº–KèåQÍk |e=∞Ñ≤^Œ`åfi, QÆ∞~°∞ ^Õ"Òº ^蕺ܫ∞<£
Ü«∞^è•â◊H˜Î [ѨOHõ$`åfi
QÆ∞ǨºuQÆ∞ǨϺ QÀ¢Ñ‘Î`«fiO QÆ$Ǩ}Ï㨇`«¯ $`«O [ѨO II
ã≤k÷~°ƒù=`«∞ "Õ∞kq N=∞¢`«Ê`«ºOyˆ~ t"Õ II
21
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
Wu `Õ*’=∞Ü«∞O [ѨѶ¨ÅO ^Õg "å=∞ǨϿãÎã¨=∞~°Êº Hõ=K«–ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞
Ѩiî`åfi ™êëêìOQÆO „Ѩ}˜Ñ¨`«º, „Ѩ^Œ H˜Δ}©Hõ$`«º, âßOuO Ѩiî`åfi–Dâß<Õº
x~åºÖ˺# x~å‡Åº"åã≤<≥º #=∞ó Wu ã¨OѨÓ[º *Ï„QÆ`ü ã¨fiѨflã¨∞+¨μѨκ=™ê÷ã¨∞
=∞#™ê"åKå Ѩ^•ƒùºO L^Œˆ~} tâßfl„áê}^ÕÇ¨Ï ^èŒ~å‡k HÍ~°}`À Ü«ÚHõÎO,
Ü«∞`ü Hõ$`«O `«`«û~°fiO=∞nÜ«∞O N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å K«~°}Ë ã¨=∞~°Ê}=∞ã¨∞Î FO
`«`ü ã¨`ü I Wu ã¨=∞~°Êº ã¨∞YO qǨψ~`ü II
„Ѩ`«ºOy~åHõ=K«O
J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å Hõ=K«=∞O„`«ã¨º t"À|∞∞+≤ó II q~åò Kè«O^ŒóII
Ѩ~åâ◊H˜Î [QÆ^•ú„f „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`å ^èŒ~å‡~°ú HÍ=∞"≥∂ˆHΔ+¨μ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II
„Ѩ}=O"Õ∞ t~°óáê`«∞ "åQƃù=OK« ÅÖÏ@HõO
„Ç‘ÏOáê`«∞ ^ŒHõΔ<Õ„`«O"Õ∞ ÅH©Δ ‡~åfi=∞O ã¨∞ˆ~â◊fis I
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^ŒHõΔHõ~°‚O "å"Õ∞HÍ"Õ∞â◊fis `«^è•
ÅH˜;„áê}O ã¨^•áê`«∞ |O^èŒ#Oáê`«∞ ˆHâ◊=óI
Q“s`«∞ ~°ã¨<åOáê`«∞ HõO~î°Oáê`«∞ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°ó
㨯O^èŒ^Õâ◊O ~°uóáê`«∞ Éèí∞*∫`«∞ =∞Hõ~°^èŒfi[ó II
â◊OYO xkèHõ~°óáê`«∞ =HõΔóѨ^Œ‡xkè ã¨Î^è•
„ÉÏǑχ =∞^茺O ã¨^•áê`«∞ <åaèOáê`«∞ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis II
H“=∂s Ѩ$+¨ª^Õâ◊O`«∞ QÆ∞ǨϺO ~°HõΔ`«∞ "≥·+¨‚g
"å~åÇ‘ÏK« Hõ˜Oáê`«∞ K≥·O„náê`«∞ Ѩ^Œ^ŒfiÜ«∞O I
ÉèÏ~åºO~°HõΔ`«∞ Kå=ÚO_® ÅH©;~°HõΔ`«∞ Ѩل`«HÍ<£
WO„^Œó Ѩӈ~fiã¨^•áê`«∞ <≥·|∞∞`åº x|∞∞u ã¨Î^è•
Ü«∂"Õ∞º Ü«∞=∞óã¨^•áê`«∞ <≥· |∞∞`åº x|∞∞u ã¨Î^è•
ѨtÛ"Õ∞ =~°∞}óáê`«∞ "åÜ«∞"åºO "åÜ«Ú^Õ=`å II
™œ=∂ºO ™È=∞óã¨^•áê`«∞ K≥·âß<Õº Dâ◊fiˆ~ qÉèí∞ó
22
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
T~°úfiO „Ѩ*ÏѨuóáê`«∞ ǨϺ^èŒâßÛ#O`« ^Õ=`åII
~å[^•fiˆ~ â◊‡âß<ÕK« J~°}˺ „áêO`«ˆ~ `«^è•
[ÖËã¨÷ÖË KåO`«iˆHΔ â◊„`«∂}ÏO x=¿ÇÏ `«^è• II
U`åaèã¨ûÇ≤Ï`å^Õg K«`«∞sƒ*Ï =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞Ǩâ◊H˜Îó ã¨~°fi„`«=∂O ã¨^•=`«∞ I
Wu`Õ Hõkè`«O ^Õq ™ê~å`åû~°O Ѩ~å`«Ê~°O
ã¨~åfi~°ú ™ê^èŒ#O <å=∞Hõ=K«O Ѩ~°=∂^Œ∞ƒù`«O II
J™êºÑ≤ Ѩ~î°<å`«û^Œºó ‰õΩÉË~ÀÑ≤ ^èŒ<Õâ◊fi~°ó
WO„^•^•ºó ã¨HõÖÏ^Õ"åó ^èŒ~°}Ï`«Ê~î°<å^Œº`«ó II
8 ^Àã≤à◊§`À ѨÙëêÊO[e ã¨=∞iÊOz, =¸Å =∞O„`«=Ú [Ñ≤Oz,
Hõ=K«OѨiîOz 1 ã¨O=`«û~°=Ú „Ѩ`«ºOy~°#∞ JiÛOz#KÀ ^èŒ#ÖÏÉèíO
HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. `«Åz#Ѩ#∞Å∞ <≥~°"Õ~°∞#∞ Hõ=K«^è•~°} ѨÙ~°∞+¨μÅ∞
‰õΩ_çÉèí∞[=Ú#‰õΩ, ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ Z_»=∞ Éèí∞[=Ú#‰õΩ ^èŒiOKåe. ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ ™œÉèÏQƺ=Ú#∞,
Ѩل`«ã¨O`«ux á⁄O^≥^Œ~°∞. Hõ=K«Ñ¨~î°#=Ú KÕÜ«∞x^Õ. [Ѩ=Ú KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞.
„Ѩ`«ºOy~åã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O
J㨺 N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞™È΄`« =∞O„`«ã¨º Éèˇ·~°= |∞∞+≤óI
J#∞+¨μìÑπ K«O^Œó II „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åII „Ç‘ÏOc[O– Nâ◊H˜Îó– ™êfiǨH©ÅHõOI
ã¨~°fiã¨OѨ`ü „áêѨÎÜÕ∞ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II
^蕺#O: PâßO|~å =ÚHõÎHõKå Ѷ¨∞#K«Ûùqó
^èպܫ∂ ã¨K«~å‡ã≤Hõ~å qÉèí∂+≤}Ï II
^ŒO¢ëÈì„QÆ =HÍ΄QÆã≤`å Ç≤Ï`«`«fiÜ«∂
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å â◊OHõ~° `Õ[¿ãi`å II
^Õg „Ѩ`«ºOy~å¿ã"åº t~°™ê â◊tâıY~å
ã¨=∞=∂™ê ^èŒ~°‡}©K« ã¨=∞ã¨Î ã¨∞~°N=Úd II
23
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
ã¨~°fiã¨OѨuÎ [#h ã¨=∞^• ã≤O^èŒ∞¿ãqh
â◊√OÉèí ã≤=∞Ouh ™È=∂~å^蕺 K«=ã¨∞^è•~°™ê I
~°™ê~°ã¨=f "ÕàÏ =<åºK« =#=∂eh
=#*ÏH˜Δ =#K«s =h=# q<Àkx II
"Õyh "ÕQÆ^•"Õâ◊ |Å™ê~å [ÖÏkèHÍ
HõàÏHõàÏ„Ñ≤Ü«∂ H“mHÀ=∞ÖÏHÍÅ HÍq∞h II
Hõ=∞ÖÏ Hõ=∞ÖÏ™êºK« HõÅ™êº Hõ=∞ÖÏ=f
‰õΩb<å ‰õΩ˜ÖÏHÍO`å HÀH˜ÖωõΩÅ ÉèÏ+≤}˜II
H©~°ˆHeó HõàÏHÍm Hõáêe#ºÑ≤ HÍoHÍ
ˆHth K«‰õΩâß=~åÎ H“âßOc ˆHâ◊=„Ñ≤Ü«∂ II
HÍj HÍâßѨǨ HÍOj â◊OHÍâß ˆHâ◊^•~Úh
‰õΩO_»b ‰õΩO_»b™êúK« ‰õΩO_»ÖÏOQÆ^Œ =∞O_ç`å II
‰õΩâßáêj ‰õΩ=Ú^Œ∞h ‰õΩ=Ú^Œ „Ñ‘u=~°úh
‰õΩO^Œ„Ñ≤Ü«∂ ‰õΩO^Œ~°∞zó ‰õΩ~°OQÆ =∞^Œ=∂kh I
‰õΩ~°OQÆ #Ü«∞<å ‰õΩO^• ‰õΩ~°∞=$O^•aè #Okh
‰õΩã¨∞OÉèí ‰õΩã¨∞=∂ H˜Oz`ü Hõfi}u¯OH˜}˜HÍ Hõ@∞ó II
Hõ~îÀ~å Hõ~°}ÏHõO~îå H“=Ún HõO|∞HõOiîh
HõѨiÌh HõѨ˜h Hõiîh HÍÅHõOiîHÍ II
‰õΩã¨∞=∂¢™êÎ ‰õΩ=∂sK« ‰õΩ~°∞O^• ‰õΩã¨∞=∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂
‰õΩO[~°™êú ‰õΩO[~°`å ‰õΩOaè‰õΩOÉèí ã¨Î#^ŒfiÜ«∂ II
‰õΩOÉèíQÍ Hõ~°Éè’~°∞â◊Û Hõ^Œm ^Œà◊âß~Úx
‰õΩÑ≤`å HÀ~°Hõ™ê÷ HõOHÍm ^ŒOÉèíâı^Œ~å II
UHÍO`« "åã≤h H˜Oz`«¯O Ѩ=∂# t~À~°∞Ǩ
HÍ^ŒO|s Hõ^ŒO|™ê÷ HõOHÍm ^ŒOÉèíâı~å II
24
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
‰õΩ@∞Oah „Ñ≤Ü«∂Ü«ÚHÍÎ „Hõ`«∞ó„Hõ`«∞Hõs„H˜Ü«∂
HÍ`åº~Úh Hõ$uÎHÍK« HÍiΈHÜ«∞ „Ѩ=iÎh II
HÍ=∞Ѩffl HÍ=∞^è•„f HÍ"Õ∞j HÍ=∞=Ok`å
HÍ=∞~°∂áê HÍ=∞QÆuó HÍ=∂H©Δ HÍ=∞"≥∂Ç≤Ï`åII
Y_çæh MËK«s YO*Ï YO[s >ËHõΔ}Ï YÖÏ
Y~°QÍ Y~°<å™êK« Y~å™êº MËÅ#„Ñ≤Ü≥∂ II
Y~åOâ◊√ó M˘hYÏfi Y~°YÏfiOQÆ ^è•i}˜
YÅYO_çx qMϺuó YO_ç`å YO_»gã≤÷~å II
YO_»„Ñ≤Ü«∂ YO_»MÏ^•º¿ãO^Œ∞ YO_®OK« YO_çh
QÆOQÍ QÀ^•=sQ“s Q“=∞`åºÑ≤K« QÀ`«q∂ II
QÆÜ«∂Q“ sK«QÆQÆ<å QÍ~°∞_ô QÆ~°∞_»^èŒfi*Ï
w`åw`« „Ñ≤Ü«∂QÀ„`« QÀ„`«HõΔÜ«∞Hõs QÆ^• II
yiÉèí∂áêÅ ^Œ∞Ç≤Ï`å QÀQÍQÀ‰õΩÅ =iúh
Ѷ¨∞#ã¨Îh Ѷ¨∞#~°∞z Ѷ¨∞<À~°∞ Ѷ¨∞#xóã¨fi<å II
Ѷ¨∞`å¯i}˜ Ѷ¨∂`«Hõs Ѷ¨∞Ѷ¨¸Hõ Ѩi"åi`å
Ѷ¨∞OÏ<å^Œ„Ñ≤Ü«∂ Ѷ¨∞OÏѶ¨∞<å Ѷ¨∞’@Hõ"åÇ≤Ïh
Ѷ¨∞Á~°~°∂áêK« Ѷ¨∞’~åK« Ѷ¨∞h„Ñ‘u~°…<åO[h
Ѷ¨∞$`åp Ѷ¨∞#=Ú+≤ìâ◊Û Ñ¶¨∞ÏѶ¨∞OÏ Ñ¶¨∞Ï=∞$`å II
Ѷ¨∞Ï™êº Ñ¶¨∞@<å^≥ºâ◊Û Ñ¶¨∂`«áê`« x"åi}˜
K«OK«sHÍ K«HÀsK« Kå=Ú_® p~°^è•i}© II
Kå`«∞s K«Ñ¨ÖÏKå~°∞â◊ÛÖÏ KÕÖÏK«ÖÏK«ÖÏ
K«`«∞tÛ~°O`« <åKå~å KèåÜ«∂Kåq∂ Hõ~°K«Ûùqó II
KåÑ≤h K«Ñ¨ÖÏ K«OѨÓtÛO`å zO`å=∞}˜tÛ`å
K«`«∞~°fi~°‚=∞~¸ K«OK«KÕÛ~å KåѨK«=∞`«¯ $uó II
25
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
K«„Hõ=iÎ =^èŒ∂â◊Û„HÍ K«„HÍOQÍ K«„Hõ"≥∂kh
KÕ`«â◊Ûs z`«Î=$uÎ ~°KÕ`å KÕ`«#„Ѩ^• I
Kå`«∞s K«OѨHõ „Ñ‘uâ◊ÛO_ô K«O_®Å"åã≤h
z~°Orq `«^•z`åÎ `«~°∞=¸Å x"åã≤h II
Kè«iHÍ K«„`«=∞^䌺™êú zè„^•KèÕ^Œ Hõszè^•
Kè«∞K«∞ÛùO^Œs Ѩńáêu K«∞ÛùO^ŒH© ÉèíxÉèíã¨fi<å II
Kè«eh Kè«Å=zÛù<åfl zè˜HÍ KèÕHõHõ$`«Î^è•
Kè«k‡h KèåO^Œã‘KèåÜ«∂ KèåÜ«∂Hõ$¢KåÛùk ~°`«ºÑ≤ I
[Ü«∂K« [Ü«∞^• *Ïu[$Oaèh *Ï=∞ÖÏÜ«Ú`å
[Ü«∂ ѨÙ+¨Ê„Ñ≤Ü«∂ *ÏÜ«∂*ÏѨº *ÏѨº [QÆ[˚xó I
[O|∂„Ñ≤Ü«∂ [Ü«∞™êúK« [OQÆ=∂ [OQÆ=∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂
[O`«∞[O`«∞ „Ѩ^è•<åK« [QÆ`«¯~å‚ [~°^Œæ"å II
*Ïf„Ñ≤Ü«∂ r=#™êú r=¸`« ã¨^Œ$â◊K«Ûùqó
[<åº[# Ç≤Ï`å*ÏÜ«∂ [OÉèí[OaèÅ âßeh II
[=^• [==^•fiǨ [=∂h [fi~°Ç¨ [fis
~°≠O~°≠Ï hÅ=∞~¸ ~°≠O~°≠Ï~°≠} `å¯~°Hõ~åK«ÖÏ
s≠O©âß ~°≠㨺Hõ$`ü ~°≠OáêÜ«∞=∞„`å㨠x"åã¨h
@OHÍ~°™ê÷ @OHõ^èŒ~å @OHÍ~å HÍ~°}Ï@g II
~î°‰õΩ~åsî Hõ$uâ‹ÂÛ= iîOsî~° =ã¨<å=$`å
~î°O~îå hÅ=∞~¸ ~î°O~îå ~î°}`å¯~° Hõ~å~î°™ê II
_®H˜h _®=∞~åK≥·= _çO_ç=∞^èŒfix <åkh
_è»Hͯ„Ñ≤Ü«∞ ã¨fi<å_è»Hͯ `«Ñ≤h`åÑ≤h`«^ä• II
`«~°∞}© `«∞OkÖÏ`«∞O^• `å=∞ã‘K« `«Ñ¨ó„Ñ≤Ü«∂
`å„=∂ `å„=∂O|~å `åm `åm ^Œà◊xÉèí∂+≤}˜ I
26
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
`«∞~°OQÍ `«fii`å`À`å `À`«ÖÏ `åkh`«∞ÖÏ
`åѨ„`«Ü«∞ ǨÏ~°`å~å `åà◊ˆHj `«=∂eh II
~å=∞ã‘K« uq∞„™êK« f„"åf„= Ѩ~å„Hõ=∂ II
`«@™êúuÅ `≥·ÖÏHÍÎ`åi}© `«Ñ¨#^Œ∞ºuó
uÖ’`«Î=∂ uÅHõHõ$`åÎ~°HÍ ^Õâ◊âıY~å II
uÅѨÙ+¨Ê „Ñ≤Ü«∂`å~å `å~°ˆHâ◊ ‰õΩ@∞Oah
™êú}∞Ѩffl ã≤ú`«Hõs Ѷ¨Å™ê÷ ã¨úÅ=iúh II
ã≤úuÃãÂú~åº ã¨úqëêªK« ã¨úѨuó ã¨∂úÅ q„QÆǨ
^ŒOuh ^ŒO_çhn<å ^Œi„^• n#=`«ûÖÏ ñ
^Õg^Õ= =^èŒ∂^≥·`«º ^Œq∞h ^ŒO`«Éèí∂+¨}Ï
^ŒÜ«∂=f ^Œ=∞=f ^Œ=∞^è•^• _ç=∞ã¨÷h
^ŒO^Œâ◊¥Hõ xÉèÏ^≥·`«º^•i}© ^Õ=`å#<å
^ÀÖÏ„H©_® ^ŒÖÏÜ«Úâ◊Û ^ŒOѨf ^Õ=`å=∞~¸
^ŒâßnѨ ã≤÷`å^Àëê ^À+¨Ç¨ ^À+¨HÍi}©
^Œ∞~åæ^Œ∞~åæiÎ â◊=∞h ^Œ∞~°æ=∂ ^Œ∞~°æ"åã≤h
^Œ∞~°æO^èŒ <åth ^Œ∞ó™ê÷ ^Œ∞óã¨fiѨflâ◊=∞ HÍi}©
^Œ∞~åfi~å ^Œ~°Ç¨^•„f ^ŒÜ«∂^• ^Œ∞Ç≤Ï`å^Œâß
^èŒ∞~°O^èŒ~å ^èŒ∞s}ÏK« ^èÒˆ~~¸ ^èŒ#^•~Úx I
nè~ånè~å ^èŒi„fK« ^èŒ~°‡^• nè~°=∂#<å
^èŒ#∞~°ú~åK« ^èŒq∞h^äŒ∂~åÎ ^èŒ∂~°Î Ѩi„QÆǨ II
^èŒ∂=∞=~å‚ ^èŒ∂=∞áê<å ^èŒ∂=∞ÖÏ ^èŒ∂=∞"≥∂kh
#eh #Okh#O^• #Okh #O^ŒÉÏeHÍ II
#g<å #~°‡^•#s‡ <Õq∞iflÜ«∞=∞ xâ◊ÛÜ«∂
x~°‡ÖÏ xQÆ=∂KåÖÏ, x=∞flQÍ, #yflHÍ xq∞ó
27
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
<åÖÏ x~°O`«~åxѶ‘∞fl x~À¡áê x~°∞æ}À#uó
hÅ„w"å xsǨK« x~°O[# [h#g
#=h`« „Ñ≤Ü«∂hs #~°HÍ~°‚= `åi}©
<å~åÜ«∞}© x~åHÍ~å xѨÙ}Ï xѨÙ}„Ñ≤Ü«∂
xâßx„^• #ˆ~O„^Œ™ê÷ #q∞`å #q∞`åÑ≤K«
x~°∞æO_çHÍ K« x~°∞æO_® x~å‡O™ê<åã≤HÍaè^è• II
Ѩ`åH˜h Ѩ`åHÍK« Ѩńёu Ü«∞â◊ã≤fih
Ñ‘<å Ñ‘# ã¨Î<åѨffl, Ѩ=<åâ◊# âß~Úh II
Ѩ~åѨ~å HõàÏáêHÍ áêHõHõ$`«º ~°u„Ñ≤Ü«∂
Ѩ=#™ê÷ ã¨∞Ѩ=<å `åѨ㑠„Ñ‘u=~°úh II
Ѩâ◊√=$kú HõsѨÙ+≤ìó áÈ+¨}© ѨÙ+≤ì=i÷h II
ѨÙ+≤ì}© ѨÙã¨ÎHõHõ~å ѨÙ<åflQÆ `«Å"åã≤h II
ѨÙ~°O^Œ~°„Ñ≤Ü«∂ „Ñ‘uó ѨÙ~°=∂~°æx"åã≤h
¿Ñâßáêâ◊Hõ~å áêâ◊|O^èŒÇ¨ áêOâ◊√ÖÏѨâ◊√ó I
ѨÏѨÏâß Ñ¨~°â◊√^è•i}© HÍth`«^è•
áêѨѶ‘∞fl ѨuѨfflK« Ѩu`å-Ѩu`åÑ≤ K« II
Ñ≤âßp K« Ñ≤âßK«Ñ¶‘∞fl Ñ≤t`åâ◊# `À+≤`å
áê#^• áê#áê„`åK« áê#^•# Hõ~À^Œº`å II
¿Ñëê„Ѩã≤kúó Ñ‘Ü«¸ëê ѨÓ~å‚ѨÓ~°‚=∞<À~°^è•
Ѩ`«^Œæ~åƒù Ѩ`«^•æ„`å áœ#ó ѨÙ#ºÑ≤, "å, ѨÙ~å II
ѨOH˜ÖÏ Ñ¨OHõ=∞QÍflK« áêq∂ áêѨO[~°ã≤ú`å
ѨOK«=∂ ѨOK«Ü«∂=∂K« ѨOK«`å ѨOK«=∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂ II
ѨOK«=Ú„^• ѨÙO_»sHÍ Ñ≤OQÆàÏ Ñ≤OQÆÖ’K«<å
„Ñ≤Ü«∞OQÆ∞=∞OVs Ñ≤O_çѨO_ç`å áêO_»∞~°„ѨÉèÏ II
28
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
„¿Ñ`åã¨<å „Ñ≤Ü«∂à◊√™ê÷ áêO_»∞Ѷ≤∞fl Ñ≤`«™ê#Ǩ
Ѷ¨eh Ѷ¨Å^•„fK« Ѷ¨ÅN Ѷ¨}˜Éèí∂+¨}Ï II
ѨÓ`å¯~°HÍi}© ™êÊù~å Ѷ¨ÙšѨÙÖÏ¡O|∞ [ã¨<å
Ѷ≤~°OQÆǨã‘Ê`«=∞uó ã≤Êùuó ã‘ÊùuHõs`«^è• II
=#=∂Ü«∂ |ÖÏ~åu~°ƒeh |Å=iúh
"Õ}∞"å^•º =#K«s gˆ~j [#~¸JÑ≤ II
q^•ºq^•º„Ѩ^• q^•ºÉ’kèh "Õ^Œ^•~Úh
|∞^èŒ=∂`åK« |∞^•úK« =#=∂ÖÏ=b =~å II
=~°^• "å~°∞}© g}Ïg}Ï"å^Œ# `«`«Ê~å
q<Àkh q<À^Œ™êú "≥·+¨‚g q+¨μ‚=Å¡ÉèÏ II
q^•º"≥·^Œº zH˜`åûK« q=âß qâ◊fiqâ◊$`å
q`«O„^• qǨÏfiÖÏ"ÕÖÏ q~å"å q~°u[fi~å II
qq^è•~°¯ Hõ~å g~åaOÉ’+‘ª aO|=`«ûÖÏ
qO^茺™êú g~°=O^•ºK« =sÜ«∂#Ѩ~åK« q`ü II
"Õ^•O`«"Õ^•º "≥·^•ºK« "Õ^Œã¨º q[Ü«∞„Ѩ^•
q~À^èŒ=i÷h =O^蕺 =O^蕺 |O^èŒ x"åi}© II
Éèí~Úh ÉèíQÆ=∂ÖÏK« Éèí"åh ÉèíÜ«∞ÉèÏqh
cè=∂cè=∂#<å Éèˇ·q∂ ÉèíOQÆ∞~å cèÉèíÜ«∂ѨǨ
ÉèíQÆã¨iÊ}º Ñ≤ÉèíQÍ ÉèíQÆ~°∂áê ÉèíQÍÅÜ«∂ II
ÉèíQÍã¨<å ÉèíQÍ"≥∂^• ÉèËs^ŒOHÍ~° ~°O[h
cè+¨}Ï cè+¨}Ï ~å"å ÉèíQÆ=`«ºÑ≤ Éèí∂+¨}Ï
Éèí~°^•fir Éè’QÆ^•„f Éèí=Ѷ‘∞fl Éèí∂`«Éèí∂+¨}Ï
Éèí∂u^• Éèí∂q∞^è•„fK« Éèí∂Ѩu`«fi „Ѩ^•~Úh I
„Éèí=∞s „ÉèÏ=∞s hÖÏÉèí∂áêÅ =∞‰õΩ@ã≤ú`å
=∞`å=∞<ÀǨÏ~°=∞}Ï =∂xh "≥∂Ç≤Ïh=∞Ç‘Ï II
29
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
=∞ǨÅH©Δ ~°‡^ŒH©ΔÉèÏ =∞nÜ«∞ =∞#ã≤ã≤÷`å
=∞^À^Œú`å =∞^ŒOQÆ™ê÷ =∂^èŒg =∞^èŒ∞#Okh II
"Õ∞Ѷ¨∂ "Õ∞Ѷ¨∞Hõs"Õ∞^蕺 =∞^蕺=∞^茺 =Ü«∞ã≤ú`å
=∞^Œºáê =∂Oã¨ÖÏ =∞`«ûº"≥∂kh "≥∞ÿ^èŒ∞<À^Œ÷`å
=Ú^• =Ú„^•=f=∂`å =∞Ü«∂
=∞Ç≤Ï=∞ =∞Ok~å II
=∞Ǩ=∂Ü«∂ =∞Ǩq^•º =∞Ǩ=∂s =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis I
=∞Ǩ^Õ= =^èŒ∂=∂<åº =∞^èŒ∞~å g~°=∞O_»ÖÏ
"Õ∞^Œã≤fih q∂Å#N =∞Ç≤Ïëêã¨∞~° =∞iúh I
=∞O_»Ñ¨™ê÷ =∞~î°™êúK« =∞k~åQÆ=∞ QÆifi`å
"≥∂HõΔ^• =ÚO_»=∂ÖÏK« =∂ÖÏ=∂ÖÏ qÖÏã≤h II
=∂`«OyhK« =∂`«Ow =∞`«OQÆ`« #Ü«∂Ñ≤K«
=∞^èŒ∞„ã¨"å =∞^èŒ∞~°ã¨ =∞^èŒ∂Hõ ‰õΩã¨∞=∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂ II
Ü«∂q∞h Ü«∂q∞h<å^ä•Éèí∂ëê Ü«∂=Hõ~°Ol`å
Ü«∞"åO‰õΩ~° „Ñ≤Ü«∂=∂Ü«∂ Ü«∞=hÜ«∞=<åaèáê II
Ü«∞=∞Ѷ‘∞fl Ü«∞=∞Hõ<åºK« Ü«∞[=∂# ã¨fi~°∂Ñ≤}©
Ü«∞*Ï˝Ü«∞*Ïfi Ü«∞A~°º*Ïfi Ü«∞â’xHõ~°HÍi}© II
Ü«∞[˝=∂„`å „Ñ¨^•*˺ëêª Ü«∞[˝Hõ~°‡ Hõs`«^è•
Ü«∞â◊ã≤fih, Ü«∞HÍ~°™êú, Ü«¸Ñ¨ã¨ÎOÉèí x"åã≤h II
~°Ol`å ~å[ѨfflK« ~°=∂ˆ~MÏ ~°"Õ~°}©
~°*’=f ~°[tÛ„`å ~°[h ~°[hѨuó II
~åy}© ~å[ºh ~å[º ~å[º^•~å[º=~°úh
ˆ~`À =f ~°`À `åûǨ ~ÀQÆǨÏ$„^ÀQÆǨi}© II
~°OQÍ ~°OQÆ=f ~åQÍ~åQÆ*Ï˝ ~åQÆHõ$„^Œ}Ï
~°OlHÍ ~°OlHÍ~°O*Ï ~°O[h ~°HõÎÖ’K«<å II
30
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
~°HõÎK«~°‡^èŒ~å ~°O*Ï~° HõΙêú ~°HõÎ"åkh
~°OÉèÏ~°OÉèí Ѷ¨Å„Ñ‘f ~°OÉè’~°∂ ~åѶ¨∞=„Ñ≤Ü«∂II
~°OQÆÉèí$„^ŒOQÆ =∞^èŒ∞~å~À^Œã‘ ~À^Œã‘„QÆǨ
~À^èŒHõ$„^Œ^èŒ Ç¨ÏO„fK« ~ÀQÆÉèí$„^ÀQÆ âß~Úh II
=On |Okã¨∞Î`å|O^è• |O^èŒ∂Hõ ‰õΩã¨∞=∂^èŒ~å
=Ok`å =Ok`å=∂`å qO^Œ∞~å "≥·O^Œg q^è•
qOH© qOHõѨÖÏ qOHÍ qOHõ™êú qOHõ=`«ûÖÏ
=kifiÅQÍfl q„áêK« qkèifikèHõs q^è• II
â◊OYh â◊OYxÅÜ«∂ â◊OY=∂ÖÏ=fâ◊q∂
â◊Odáê„`åâ◊x â◊OMÏ â◊OMÏ â◊OYQÆÖÏâ◊j
â◊Og â◊~å=f âߺ=∂âߺ=∂Ow âߺ=∞Ö’K«<å
â◊‡âß#™ê÷ â◊‡âß<åK« â◊‡âß#ã¨ú ÅÉèí∂+¨}Ï
â◊=∞^• â◊=∞ǨÏO„f Kè«âßH˜h â◊O‰õΩâıY~å
âßOu âßOu„Ѩ^• âıëêâı+¨™êú âı+¨^•~Úh II
âı=Ú+‘ â’+≤}©â∫s â∫ió âß~åºâ◊~å tió
âßѨǨ âßѨǨhâ◊ â◊Oáêâ◊Ѩ^äŒ ^•~Úh II
â◊$Oy}© â◊$OQÆѶ¨ÅÉèí∞H± â◊OHõs â◊OHõsK«Ü«∂
â◊OHÍ â◊OHÍѨǨã¨O™ê÷ âßâ◊fif j`«ÖÏt"å II
t=™ê÷ â◊=Éèí∞HÍÎ "åt= =~å‚t"À^Œs
âß~Úh âß=â◊Ü«∞<å tOâ◊áê tâ◊√áêeh II
â◊=‰õΩO_»ehâ‹·"å â◊OHõ~å tt~åt~å
â◊= HÍOpâ◊=„jHÍ â◊==∂ÖÏâ◊"åHõ$uó II
â◊Ü«∞h â◊O‰õΩ"åâ◊H˜Îó â◊O`«#∞ó jÅ^•~Úh
ã≤O^èŒ∞ó ã¨~°ã¨fifã≤O^èŒ∞ó ã¨∞O^Œs ã¨∞O^Œ~å#<å II
31
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
™ê^èŒ∞ó ã≤k÷ó ã≤^•ú^è•„f ã≤^•úã≤^Œú ã¨~°ã¨fif
ã¨O`«uó ã¨OѨ^• ã¨OѨ`ü ã¨Oq`ü ã¨~°u^•~Úh II
ã¨Ñ¨ffl ã¨~°™ê™ê~å ã¨~°ã¨fif NHõsã¨fi^è•
ã¨~°ó ™ê÷ã¨=∂<åK« ™ê~å^蕺 ™ê=∞QÆã¨Î^è• II
ã¨q∞^•÷ ã¨=∞^• ã¨O=∂ã¨"≥∂‡Ç¨ ã¨=∞^Œ~°≈<å
ã¨q∞uó ã¨q∞^è•ã‘=∂ ã¨q„f ã¨q^è•ã¨f II
ã¨=`å ã¨=<å^•~å ™ê=<å ã¨=∞~åã¨q∂
ã≤q∞~å ã¨`«`å™ênèfi 㨄nèzO`«º ã¨Ç¨~Úh II
ǨÏO㑠ǨÏOã¨QÆu ~°›O™ê ǨÏO™È[fiÅ xKÀÅÜ«ÚH±
ǨÏeh ǨÏÅ^•Ç¨ÖÏ Ç¨Ï~°N ǨÏ~°=Å¡ÉèÏ II
¿ÇÏÖÏ¿ÇÏÖÏ=f ¿ÇÏëê „¿ÇÏ+¨™ê÷ „¿ÇÏ+¨=i÷h
ǨÏO`å ǨÏOu~°›`å ǨÏ`åºÇ¨ ǨÏO`«`«Ñ¨Ç¨i}© II
ǨÏOHÍs ǨÏO`«Hõ$^ŒúOQÍ Ç‘ÏǨǨ`å ǨÏ`åǨÏ`å
¿ÇÏ=∞„Ѩ^• ǨÏOã¨Ñ¨f ǨsǨ`«i ã¨O=∞`å II
ǨϟsǨϟ„f ǨϟeHÍK« Ǩϟ=∂Ǩϟ"≥∂ ǨÏq~°›ió II
ǨÏi }©Ç¨Ïi}©<Õ„`å Ç≤Ï=∂K«Å x"åã≤h I
ÅOÉ’^Œs ÅO|Hõ~å‚ ÅOaHÍ ÅO|q„QÆǨ
bÖÏ Ö’ÖÏ=fÖ’ÖÏ ÅÅh Åe`åÅ`å II
ÅÖÏ=∞ Ö’K«<åÖ’K«º Ö’ÖÏH©Δ ÅHõΔ}ÏÅÖÏ
ÅOѨf Å∞OѨfÅOáê ֒Ѩ=Ú„^• ÅÅOuh II
ÅOuHÍ ÅO|HÍÅOÉÏ ÅѶ≤∞=∂ ÅѶ¨Ú=∞^茺=∂
ÅѶ≤∞Ü«∞ã‘ ÅѶ¨Ú^Œ~¸ Å∂`åÅ∂`« x"åi}© II
Ö’=∞Éèí$Ö’¡=∞ Å∞áêÎK« Å∞Å∞f Å∞Å∞ã¨OÜ«∞f
Å∞ÖÏÜ«∞™êú K«ÅǨs ÅOHÍѨÙ~° ѨÙ~°O^Œs II
32
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
ÅH˜; ÅH©;„Ѩ^• ÅHΔ͇ºÅHõΔ |Åq∞u„Ѩ^•
‰õΔΩ}Ï‚‰õΔΩáê HõΔ}ÏH˜Δ}Ï HõΔ=∂HΔÍOuó HõΔ}Ï=f II
HΔÍ=∂HΔÍ "≥∂^ŒsH˜Δ=∂ HΔ“=∞Éèí$`ü HõΔ„uÜ«∂OQÆ<å
HõΔÜ«∂HõΔÜ«∂Hõs H©Δ~åH©Δ~°^•H©Δ~° ™êQÆ~å
ˆHΔ=∞OHõs HõΔÜ«∞Hõs HõΔÜ«∞`«`ü HõΔ}^•HõΔuó
‰õΔΩ~°Of ‰õΔΩ„kHÍ ‰õΔΩ„^•‰õΔΩ`ü HΔÍ=∂HõΔ~° áê`«HÍ II
=∂`«∞ó ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å"Õ∞^ŒO „Ѩ`«ºOy~åºó „Ѩ^•Ü«∞HõO
Ü«∞óѨˆ~î`ü „Ѩܫ∞`À x`«ºO ã¨U=™êº #‡ ¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°ó II
Ѷ¨Åâ◊$u–D ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ Ѩ~î°#O=Å¡ ^Œi„^Œ∞_»∞ ^èŒ#=O`«∞ _»QÆ∞#∞.
"åH˜ûkú–P~ÀQƺ=Ú–ã¨O`å#=Ú–H©iΠѨ^Œq–â◊`«$[Ü«∞O ÅaèOK«∞#∞. ã¨HõÅ
HÍ=∞º=ÚÅ∞ ã≤kúOK«∞#∞.
~å„uÜ«∞O^Œ∞ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O <åÅ∞QÆ∞ =∂~°æ=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯
‰õÄ_»eÜ«∞O^Œ∞ áê~åÜ«∞} KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. Ѩk™ê~°∞¡ áê~åÜ«∞} KÕã≤#
HÍ~°ºã≤k÷ HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ áê~åÜ«∞} KÕÜ«∞x^Õ =¸Å=∞O„`«=Ú
ã≤kúOK«^Œ∞.
=∞OQÆà◊"å~°=Ú â◊‡âß#=ÚÖ’ =∞^蕺ǨÏfl ã¨=∞Ü«∞=ÚÖ’ ™ê^茉õΩ_»∞
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ áê~åÜ«∞} 100™ê~°∞¡ KÕã≤#KÀ |∞∞}ÉÏ^è•
q=Ú‰õΩÎ_»QÆ∞#∞. ~ÀQÆÉÏ^èŒ x=iÎOK«∞#∞ â◊x"å~°O J~°÷~å„u â◊‡âß#=ÚÖ’
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞O„`«=Ú 1008™ê~°∞¡ [Ñ≤Oz 10™ê~°∞¡ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O
áê~åÜ«∞} KÕã≤#KÀ, â◊‡âß#=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ǩ"åÜ«Ú=Ù gK«∞#∞. ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~°"≥∞ÿ#
#Hõ¯TÅÅ∞ qxÑ≤OK«∞#∞. JѨC_»∞ ™ê^茉õΩ_»∞ ÉèíÜ«∞=ÚK≥O^ŒHõ Ü«ÚO_ç#
„Ѩ`«ºOy~° ã≤kúOK«∞#∞. QÀ~ÀK«#O JQÆ~°∞–Hõã¨∂Îi–Hõ~°∂Ê~°O–K«O^Œ#O–
‰õΩO‰õΩ=∞ q∞„â◊=∞=Ú`À áê_»ºq∞<å_»∞ Éèí∂~°˚Ѩ„`«OÃÑ· edOz
‰õΩ_çÉèí∞[=Ú#‰õΩ ^èŒiOz#KÀ HÍ~°ºã≤^Œ∞ú_»QÆ∞#∞. ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O |OQÍ~°∞
33
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
`åg^Œ∞Ö’ LOz, HõO~î°=Ú# ^èŒiOz# l`ÕO„kÜ«Ú _»QÆ∞#∞.
x~°ƒùÜ«Ú_»QÆ∞#∞. QÆiƒù}∞ʼnõΩ, ÉÏʼnõΩʼnõΩ ^èŒiOѨKÕã≤#KÀ ~°HõΔ}
HõeyOK«∞#∞.
hÅO~°OQÆ∞ =G=ÚÃÑ· Ü«∞O„`«=Ú edOz ^èŒfi[=ÚQÆ #∞Oz#KÀ
â◊`«$[Ü«∞=Ú á⁄O^Œ∞#∞.
ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ áê~åÜ«∞} KÕã≤ Éèí㨇=Ú ^èŒiOz# JO^Œ~°∂ H˜OHõ~°∞Å=Öˇ
¿ã=‰õΩÅQÆ∞^Œ∞~°∞.
XHõ <≥Å~ÀAÅ∞ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O [Ñ≤Oz [Ѩ[Å=Ú „`åy# Q˘Ñ¨Ê
q^•º=O`«∞_»QÆ∞#∞.
Wu <å=∞ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨O`«∞ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞<ÀǨÏ~°O
QÀѨºOQÆ∞ѨΠ`«=∞OÖ’ˆH QÀѨhÜ«∞O ã¨fiÜ≥∂x=`ü II
Wu N ~°∞„^ŒÜ«∂=∞àı `«O„`Õ ^Œâ◊q^•º~°Ç¨Ï¿ãº „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞
ã¨OѨÓ~°‚"£∞ II
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å™È΄`«O
FO J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ™È΄`«=∞O„`«ã¨º =∞Ǩ^Õ= |∞∞+≤óII J#∞+¨μìÑπ
Kè«O^ŒóII „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`å „Ç‘ÏO c[O ™êfiǨ â◊H˜Îó– ¿ãÊùO H©ÅHõO II
=∞=∂aè+¨ì ã≤^Œ÷ºˆ~ú [¿Ñ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II
NÉèˇ·~°=L"åK«:–
^Õg „Ѩ`«ºOy~å q^•º ^Œ∞+¨ì„QÆÇ¨Ï q<åth
=∞i÷h ã¨~°fi^Œ∞ëêì<åO ã¨~°fiáêѨ „Ѩ"≥∂zh II
¢ã‘ÎÉÏÅ „ѨÉèí$f<åOK« [<å<åO Ç≤Ï`«HÍ=∞ºÜ«∂
™œÉèÏQƺ [#h^Õg |ÅѨÙ+≤ìHõs `«^è• II
K«`«∞+¨Ê ^Õ+¨μ QÀ¿+ª+¨μ `«^è• QÀ+¨ì=<Õ+¨μK«
â◊‡âß<Õ ^Œ∞~°æ"Õ∞ Ѷ¨∞Áˆ~ ã¨O„QÍ"Õ∞ â◊`«$â◊OHõ>Ë II
QÆ∞¿ÇϺ Ѩºâ◊√z ™ê÷<Õ+¨μ ã¨O„QÍ"Õ∞ â◊`«$â◊OHõ>Ë II
34
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
~å[^•fiˆ~K« ^Œ∞iƒùˆHΔ =∞ǨÉèíÜ«∞ LѨã≤úf II
Ѩiî`å ™ê‡i`å^Õq ã¨~°fiã≤kú Hõs㨇 $`å
Ü«∞™êº`«‡™êú =∞Ǩq^•º „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨∞ÉèÏ+≤`å I
ã≤^•úã¨∞ã≤^•ú ™êx`«ºO q^èÕÜ«∂ Ѩ~°=∂㨇 $`å
N=∞`åѶ¨∞’ ~°~°∂¿Ñ} ÉèÏ+≤`å ÃѶ∂~°~°∂Ñ≤}˜
Ü«∞™êºOQÆ™ê÷ =∞Ǩq^•º qzO`åº ^è•~°`å#Ô~·ó
ed`åK« Hõˆ~HõOˆ~î ÉÏǨÏ∫t~°ã≤ ^è•~°ÜÕ∞`ü II
q=ÚK«º`Õ =∞ǨѶ¨∞’ˆ~ =∞$`«∞º~°∂¿Ñ ^Œ∞~åã¨^Õ
^Œ∞+¨ìã¨`«fi„QÆǨ^Õ= Ü«∞HõΔ ~°HΔÍ^ŒÜ«∞ ã¨Î^è• I
Ñ‘_®O `«ã¨º# ‰õΩ~°fiOuÜÕ∞ Kå<Õº Ñ‘_»HÍó„QÆǨó
=∞O„`å ÉÏǨºaèKåˆ~<À „Ѩ=~°ÎO`Õ Hõ^•K«# II
x`«ºOK« ^è•~°º=∂}㨺 P=∞$`«`«fiOK« HõÅÊ`Õ
ã≤^•ú~å÷ ã≤kú^• x`«ºO q^պܫ∞O Ѩ~°=∂㨇 $`å II
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å HõΔ~å„áÈHÍÎ iѨÙOǨÏ<åº#fl ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ó
=∞O„`«~å*’ ^Œ=∞O^Õq ã¨~°fiã≤kú Hõ~°ó㨇 $`«ó
ã¨~°fiq^•ºÇ¨Ï~åq^•º „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ™ê=∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å=∞O„`«áê^ŒO
FO J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞O„`«áê^Œã¨º NÉèíQÆ"å<£ Éèˇ·~°=â◊OHõ~° |∞∞+≤ó
J#∞+¨μìÉèÏk <å<åKè«O^•Oã≤–N [QÆ<å‡`å „Ñ¨`«ºOy~å^Õ=`å FO
c[O–AOâ◊H˜Îóã¨óH©ÅHõO II =∞=∞ ã¨~åfi~°ú ã≤^èŒúºˆ~÷ [¿ÑqxÜ≥∂QÆó
FO ##∞ó ã¨Ç¨Ï„㨠ã¨∂ˆ~ºHõΔ}ÏÜ«∞ =∞Ǩ=ÚMÏÜ«∞ J<åk~°∂áêÜ«∞
ѨÙ~°∞ǨϙêÎÜ«∞ =∞Ǩ=ÚMÏÜ«∞ =∞Ǩ"åºÑ¶¨∂º~Ú<Õ =∞ǨѶ¨∞’~åu Ѷ¨∞Á~åÜ«∞
=∞Ǩ„ѨÉèÏ=O ^Œ~°≈Ü«∞ FO Ç≤ÏeÇ≤Ïe FO q∞eq∞e FO ǨÏiǨÏi
FO q^Œ∞ºl˚¿ÇÏfi [fiÅ[fiÅ „Ѩ[fiÅ „Ѩ[fiÅ |O^èŒ|O^èŒ =∞^äŒ =∞^äŒ „Ѩ=∞^äŒ-
35
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
„Ѩ^èŒfiOã¨Ü«∞ „Ѩ^èŒfiOã¨Ü«∞ â◊=∞Ü«∞ â◊=∞Ü«∞ Ñ≤|Ñ≤| „QÆ㨄QÆ㨠<åâ◊Ü«∞
=^Œ=^Œ„^•=Ü«∞„^•=Ü«∞ q„^•=Ü«∞ q„^•=Ü«∞ zèOk zèOk Hõ$O`«Ü«∞
Hõ$O`«Ü«∞ ÉèíHõΔÜ«∞ ÉèíHõΔÜ«∞ „`åã¨Ü«∞ „`åã¨Ü«∞ `å_»Ü«∞ `å_»Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞
q^•~°Ü«∞ „ÉèÏ=∞Ü«∞ „ÉèÏ=∞Ü«∞ ‰õΩÅO ‰õΩÅO Éèí∞O[ Éèí∞O[ K«∞O| K«∞O|
^ŒÇ¨Ï^ŒÇ¨Ï QÆ~°˚QÆ~°˚ ™ÈÊù@Ü«∞ ™ÈÊù@Ü«∞ K«∞~°Ü«∞ K«∞~°Ü«∞ L`åû^ŒÜ«∞ L`åû^ŒÜ«∞
"≥∂ǨÏÜ«∞-L#∂‡ÅÜ«∞ L#∂‡ÅÜ«∞ ã¨OHÀK«Ü«∞ P"Õâ◊Ü«∞ P"Õâ◊Ü«∞ =∞=∞
qѨ^ŒO <åâ◊Ü«∞ <åâ◊Ü«∞ â◊`«$ÏO „`åã¨Ü«∞ „`åã¨Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞
=∞=∞ ~°HõΔ`«fiO ã¨OѨ`ü ‰õΩ=∂~°O P^•ºHõΔ~° =∞ǨÜ≥∂QÆ Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨ ~°ã¨=`åºO
=∂O,^ä•~°HõO ã¨Ñ¨i"å~°HõO ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ =∞Ǩ"Õ∞Ѷ¨∞øѶ¨∞ Ѷ¨∂uˆH =∞Ǩ"Õ∞Ѷ¨∞ø+¨μ
Ѷ¨∂uˆH =∞Ǩ"Õ∞Ѷ¨∞øѶ¨∂k ã¨O=~°ÎHõ ã¨O=~°ÎˆH q^Œ∞º^•…`« q^Œ∞º„`å¯O`Õ
q^Œ∞º^Œ`«Hõ HõѨiúx k=ºHõ#HÍO Éè’~°∞ǨÏO HõѨiÌx kqHõ#HÍO Éè’~°∞ǨÏO
qHõK«=ÚO_» =∂ÖÏ^è•i}˜ tuHõO~î° "庄Ѷ¨∂lx ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯˜ Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°„Ñ≤ÜÕ∞
zèOkè zèOkè q„^•=Ü«∞ q„^•=Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ ^Õ=Ñ≤âßK«
<åQÆQÆ~°∞_» H˜#fl~° q^•º^èŒ~° QÆ}QÆO^èŒ~°fi Ü«∞HõΔ~åHõΔ㨠֒Hõ áêÖÏ#∞ „QÆǨ<£
ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ <åHõÖ’HõáêÖÏOâ◊Û Ç¨Ï#ǨÏ# (â◊`«$<å=∞O K≥áêÊe) =∞=∞ â◊`«$Ï<£
ǨÏ#ǨÏ# xHõ$O`«Ü«∞ xHõ$O`«Ü«∞ ÜÕ∞K« ã¨^•=∞=∞ q^•ºÜ«∂=∞ q^è•Ü«∂O
Jq^•ºHõ~°‡ ‰õΩ~°fiOu `ÕëêOq^•ºO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞
Ѷ¨∂`«Ü«∞ Ѷ¨Ú`«Ü«∞ FO qâ◊fi=¸~°ÎÜÕ∞ =∞Ç¨Ï `Õ[¿ã
FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO =ÚYO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞
FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO QÆ∞ǨϺO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞
FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO q^•ºO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞
FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO ǨϙœÎ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞
FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO áê^Õ QÆ∞ǨϺ YQÆ^èŒfix
36
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
=∞~å‡}˜ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FOEOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO<Õ„`Õ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞
ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊„`«∂}ÏO „â’„`Õ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞
FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊„`«∂<åO QÆ$ǨO ‰õΩ@∞O|O ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞™ê÷#O
H©ÅÜ«∞H©ÅÜ«∞=ÚO_»O H©ÅÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞ ^ÕǨÏO H©ÅÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞ ã¨~°fi^ÕǨÏO
H©ÅÜ«∞H©ÅÜ«∞ =∞=∞ âßOuO ‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩ~°∞ =∞=∞ Ѩi"å~°ã¨º ~°HΔÍO ‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩ~°∞
™êfiǨ FOFOFO ~°O~°O~°O Ǩ˙OǨ˙OǨ˙O Ѷ¨ò ™êfiǨ
FOFOFOFOFO Ü«∞OÜ«∞OÜ«∞OÜ«∞OÜ«∞O ~°O~°O~°O~°O~°OÅOÅO
ÅOÅOÅO =OѶ¨ò ™êfiǨ FO~î°ó FO Ǩ˙OѶ¨ò FO „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~
=∞=∞ã¨i"å~°O ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ FO Ü«∞óÜ«∞ó FOFOFO „Ç‘ÏO Ѷ¨ò™êfiǨ FOFOFO
„ǨO„ǨO„ǨO HÍm Hõ~åoÜÕ∞ =∂O„Ѩu LѨ„^Œ"å^ŒºaèKå~°O
‰õΩ~°fiOu–P‰õΩ~°fi<£ Hõi+¨ºOu–HÍ~°~Ú+¨ºu "å`å<£ ã¨~åfi<£ ǨÏ#ǨÏ#
ѨK«Ñ¨K« Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ=∂O ã¨Ñ¨i"å~°O ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ ™êfiǨ II
Wkx`«ºO ѨiîOz# "åiH˜ ã¨=∞ã¨Î ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞ `˘Åy ã¨HõÅ HÀiHõÅ∞
f~°∞#∞.
IIt"å~°Ê}=∞ã¨∞Î II
37
„Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
38
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
FO
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
â’¡II 㨈~fiëê=∞Ñ≤ =ÚHõκ~°úO =ÚH˜Î=∂~°æ㨺 ^Œ~°≈#O I
^Õ"Õâ◊ *Ï˝#=∂Kå~°O Hõ$Ѩܫ∂ Hõ^èŒÜ«∞ã¨fi"Õ∞ II
*Ï˝<åKå~“ =~å~À¿ÇÏ Hõ^èŒÜ«∂q∞ `«"å^èŒ∞<å
„Ѩqâ◊Ou Ü«∞`À"≥∂HõΔO *Ï˝x<À^èŒfiã¨Î HõŇ+¨O II
ÜÕ∞ëê ÉË^èÕ# ã¨O*Ï`«O HÍÅ*Ï˝#O =~å#<Õ
# `Õëê *ÏÜ«∞`ÕÉ’^èŒó âßGHÀ˜ â◊`≥·~°Ñ≤ II
J`ÀÇ≤Ï x~°ƒùÜ≥∂ q^•fi<£ qâ◊≈OHÀ qQÆ`«ã¨Ê$ǨÏó
*Ï˝<À`åûÇ¨Ï Ñ¨~ÀÉèí∂Ü«∂`ü „â◊^•ú^è•<À x~å‰õΩÅó II 4
`å : ã¨HõÅ[#∞Å∂ =ÚH˜ÎK≥O^Œ∞ =∂~°æ=Ú#∞ É’kèOK«=∞x ^Õq
Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°∞x „áêiúOK«QÍ t=Ù_ç@∞¡ K≥ÃÑÊ#∞. áêѨ~°Ç≤Ï`«∞Öˇ·# *Ï˝#∞Å∞
=ÚH˜ÎK≥O^Œ∞ =∂~°æ=ÚÅ∞ *Ï˝#=Ú PKå~°=ÚÅx `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘#∞=Ú
HÍÅ*Ï˝#=Ú ÖËx"åiH˜ HÀ˜ âßG=ÚÅ∞ É’kèOz##∂ =º~°÷"Õ∞. JO^Œ∞KÕ`«
ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ ~°Ç≤Ï`«∞Öˇ·, *Ï˝#=Ú ã¨OáêkOK«∞@Ü«∞O^Œ∞ L`åûǨÏ=Ú HõÅ"åÔ~·,
„â◊^Œ÷`À ™ê^èŒ# KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
â’¡II x~°‡=∞ó Hõ~°∞}À¿Ñ`«ó ã¨~°fiÉèí∂`åÉèíÜ«∞ „Ѩ^Œó
Éèí*Ë`ü HÍÖ’`«Î~°O ^Õq =Ú=Ú‰õΔΩ~ÀºQÆ `«`«Ê~°ó II
㨄|Ǩ‡ ã¨t"À q+¨μ‚ó ã¨WO„^Œó ã¨+¨_®##ó
ã¨QÆ∞~°∞ó ã¨~°fi^Õ"åâ◊Û ã¨Ü≥∂w ã¨`«áÈ^èŒ#ó II
ѨO_ç`« ã¨û=∞ǨÉèÏQÆó Hõ$`å~°úó Ѩ~°=∂~°÷`«ó
K«Å^•fiÜ«Ú ã¨=∞Oz`«ÎO „kèÜ«∞`Õ ÜÕ∞#xâ◊ÛÅO II
ã¨LáêÜ≥∂ q"≥∂HõΔ㨺 ã¨^Œ∞áê`«Î QÆ∞}Àã¨∞Îã¨ó
™ê„Ѩ*Ï˝ `«kǨÏÃãÂ÷~°ºO `«`«∞Ê}ºO =º=™ê~Ú<åO II
39
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
`å : =ÚH˜ÎÜ«∞O^Œ∞ HÀiHõHõÅ"å~°∞, <åk J#∞ÉèÏ==Ú ÖËx"åÔ~·,
^ŒÜ«∞QÆÅ"åÔ~· Ü≥∂QÆ=∂~°æ=Ú ¿ãqOK« =ÅÜ«Ú#∞. J`«_Õ ã¨HõÅ ^Õ=`å
ã¨fi~°∂ѨÙ_»QÆ∞#∞. K«eOK«∞ „áê}"åÜ«Ú=Ù#∞ ã≤÷~°=ÚQÍ #∞Oz, ‰õΩOÉèíHõ
„áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂ÉèϺã¨"Õ∞ "≥∂HõΔ=Ú#‰õΩ =¸ÅHÍ~°} =∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk.
â’¡II `«^Õ= f~°úO^•#OK« ã¨`«Ñ¨â◊Û# ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ó
ÜÕ∞<ÀáêÜÕ∞# |^èÕº`« "åÜ«Úaèâ◊ÛÅ#O =∞#ó I
z`ÕÎK«Åu ã¨O™ê~À xâ◊ÛÖË "≥∞HõΔ U=`«∞
`«™ê‡zÛ`«ÎO ã≤ú~°O‰õΩ~åº`ü „Ѩ[˝Ü«∂ Ѩ~°Ü«∂|∞^èŒó II
SHÍOuHõ ã¨∞YOÜ«∞„`« `«^è≥·"å`«ºOuHõO Éèí"Õ`ü
x+¨¯~°‡}© Ѩˆ~`«`Õfi HÀ#~°*˺`« ѨO_ç`«ó II
x=$`ÒÎ q+¨Ü«∞*Ï˝<å`ü x+¨¯Å*Ï˝# `«`«Ê~°ó
PxK«Ûù#flÑ≤ "Õ∞^è•g ÅÉèË`« "≥∂HõΔ=∞HõΔÜ«∞O II
`å : JkÜÕ∞ f~°÷=Ú–`«Ñ¨ã¨∞û JQÆ∞K«∞#flk, z`«Î=Ú K«eOz#
ã¨O™ê~°=∞QÆ∞#∞. ã≤÷~°=ÚQÍ #∞#fl "≥∂HõΔ=Ú á⁄O^≥^Œ~°∞. `≥eqHõÅ"å~°∞
„Ѩ[˝KÕ`« ã≤÷~°z`«Î=Ú á⁄O^Œ=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. q+¨Ü«∞*Ï˝# q=ÚY∞Öˇ·,
x+¨¯Å*Ï˝#=∞QÆ∞ t=*Ï˝#=∞O^Œ∞ `«`«Ê~°∞Öˇ· Ü«Ú#fl"å~°∞ HÀiHõÖˉõΩ#fl#∞
"≥∂HõΔ=Ú á⁄O^Œ∞K«∞<åfl~°∞.
â’¡II Jã≤‡`å HõÅÜ«∂Ü«ÚHõÎO K≥·`«#ºO ã¨HõÅO 㨇 $`«O
Jã≤‡`å ~°Ç≤Ï`«O KÕ`«ó K≥·`«#ºO â◊H˜Î ~°∞K«º`Õ II
`«Ü«∂ „ѨHÍt`«O qâ◊fiOâ◊H˜Î ^蕺#=Ú^•Ç¨Ï$`«O
ã¨~åfiÅO| qx~°∞‡HõÎO x+¨¯ÅO *Ï˝#=ÚK«º`Õ
JǨÏ=∞Oâı# Ü«∞K«∂Ûù#ºO z<凄`« Ö’Hõ=∞^ŒfiÜ«∞O
=ÚH˜Îc[O `«^•MϺ`«O Ѩ~°Ü≥∂QÆ „Ѩ=~°ÎHõO II
40
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
K«„HÍ}˜ <å_»Ü«∞ó Ѩ^Œ‡^Õ=`å c[=∞O_»ÅO
~°∂Ѩx`åºkHõO H˜Oz`ü ^èպܫ∞O <≥·=Hõ^•K«# II
`å : =∂Ü«∞KÕ P=iOK«|_ç#k ã¨HõÅ=∞x, =∂Ü«∂ ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ#
K≥·`«#º=Ú ''â◊H˜Î—— Jx K≥ѨÊ|_»∞#∞. Ѩ$kè"åºk – t=`«`åÎfiO`«=Ú.
^Õâ◊HÍÖÏ^Œº#=zÛù#"≥∞ÿ# â◊H˜Î`À xO_çÜ«Ú#flk. ''<Õ#∞—— J<Õk ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ#^Õ
=ÚH˜ÎH˜ c[=∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. JO`ÕHÍx 6 K«„Hõ=ÚÅ∞, 32 <å_»∞Å∞,
4–6–8–12–16–2 ^Œà◊=ÚÅ∞ QÆŠѨ^Œ‡=ÚÅ∞, „|Ǩ‡k ^Õ=`«Å∞,
„Ѩ}"åk c*ÏHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞, ã¨∂~åºk =∞O_»Å=ÚÅ∞, ~°HÍÎk~°∂Ѩ=ÚÅ∞,
F_论}Ïk |O^èŒ#=ÚÅ∞ U"≥·<å, Z#fl˜H© ^èպܫ∞=ÚÅ∞ HÍ=Ù.
â’¡II ‰õΩǨÏHõO =∞O„`«*ÏÅO K«„áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂k ^è•~°}O
ã¨~°fi"Õ∞`«#fl Hõ~°Î=ºO "≥∂HõΔ=∞HõΔÜ«∞ q∞K«Ûù`å I
<å„`«Ñ¨Ó*Ï #=∞™ê¯~À #[áÈ^蕺#"Õ∞=K«
ˆH=ÅO *˽ܫ∞q∞`«∞ºHõÎO "Õk`«=ºO# H˜OK«# II
|Ç≤Ï ~åÇ≤Ï`« z`åÎ<åO ÅÜ«∞O`Õ |O^茿ÇÏ`«=ó
|Ç≤ÏtÛù`«ÎO x"åÔ~º= qO^Œ<£Ö’ˆH # ã‘^Œu II
<å„`«H˜Oz ^ŒƒÇ≤Ï~åflO`«O #=∞^茺O <åѨº^èŒó Hõfiz`ü
ã¨~åfiHÍ~°O x~åHÍ~°O ã¨fiã¨O"Õ^ŒºO q~å[`Õ II
`å : +¨òHõ~°‡Å∞ QÆÅ =∞O„`«âßG=Ú, „áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂k
^蕺#^è•~°}=ÚÅ∞, ѨÙ#~å=$uÎ ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ# "≥∂HõΔ=Ú#∞ HÀ~°∞"å~°∞
PK«iOѨ~å^Œ∞. ѨÓ[ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞–[Ѩ^è•#º=ÚÅ∞ UqÜ«¸
r=#∞‡‰õΩÎxH˜ ÖË=Ù. [QÆ`«∞Î"≥·Ñ¨Ù ^Œ$+≤ì™êiOz# "åiH˜ |O^èŒ ¿ÇÏ`«∞=ÙÅ∞
„áêÑ≤ÎOK«∞#∞. ÉÏǨϺ=Ú–=∞^茺=∞=Ú–JO`«º=Ú J#∞#q. ã¨~åfiHÍ~°=Ú
x~åHÍ~°=ÚQÍ `«#Ü«∞O^Õ *Ï˝xH˜ QÀK«iOK«∞#∞.
41
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
â’¡II Ü«∞^•º^•Ö’Hõº Ü≥∂[O`«∞ó ‰õΩ~°∞`Õ Hõ~°‡ã¨OK«Ü«∞O
`«^Œæu~å˚Ü«∞`Õ Ü«∞™ê‡xfl ~å Ö’HõO`«∞ zO`«ÜÕ∞`ü
¿ÇÏ`«∞~åflã≤ΠѶ¨ÅO<å ã≤Î <å ã≤ÎHõ~°‡ ã¨fiÉèÏ=`«ó
Jã¨^Œ∂ƒù`« q∞^ŒOã¨~°fiO <åã≤ÎÖ’HÀ# Ö∫H˜Hõó II
x~åÅO| q∞^ŒO ã¨~°fiO x~åÅO| „ѨHÍt`«O
x~åÅO| q∞^ŒOHõ$`åfi x~åÅOÉ’ Éèíq+¨ºu II
"Àº=∂HÍ~° =∞Ǩâ◊¥#ºO "åºÑ¨HõO Ü≥∂#ÉèÏ=ÜÕ∞`ü
ã¨O™ês ã¨Éèí"ÕÖ’¡ˆH c[HÀâ◊ „H˜q∞~°º^è• II
`å : ^ÕxxK«∂z Z=~°∞ UHõ~°‡ KÕÜ«ÚK«∞<åfl~À "åiH˜ P^ÕQÆu
„áêÑ≤ÎOK«∞#∞. Hõ#∞Hõ<Õ x~åÖ’Hõ zO`«# KÕÜ«∂e. HÍ~°}=¸ ÖË^Œ∞,
Ѷ¨e`«=¸ÖË^Œ∞, ã¨fiÉèÏ==Ú KÕ`«<Õ Hõ~°‡ â◊¥#º=∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. [QÆ`«∞Î Jã¨`ü
JQÆ∞@KÕ ÖËx^Õ x~°∞áêkèHõ Ѩ~°=∞t=ÙxKÕ „ѨHÍt`«=∞QÆ∞ Ѩi}Ï=∞je
Ü«∞QÆ∞ D [QÆ`«∞Î =∞Ü«∂~°∂Ѩ =∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. z^•HÍâ◊=Ú#∞ aO^Œ∞,
=∂Ü«∂k J<ÕHõ x~åHÍ~°=ã¨∞Î *Ï`«=Ú`À xO_ç# =∞Ǩâ◊¥#º=ÚQÍ Z=~°∞
ÉèÏqOK«~À, "å~°∞ q`«Î#=∞O^Œ∞ QÆÅ „H˜q∞=Öˇ, [##=∞~°}~°∂Ѩ
ã¨O™ê~°|O^èŒ=Ú#O^Œ∞ z‰õΩ¯H˘<≥^Œ~°∞.
â’¡II *Ï˝<À`«ÊuÎ xq∞`«ÎO`«∞ „H˜Ü«∂â◊Û~åºó „ѨH©iÎ`åó
Ü≥∂QÆO ™êÅO|#O `«ºHÍÎfi x¢+¨Ê=OK«O qzO`«ÜÕ∞`ü II
áê`åÖÏ`ü â◊H˜ÎѨ~°ºO`«O ã¨~°fi"Õ∞`«^ŒcèÑ≤û`«O
ÉèíQÆflOÜ≥ÿ∞ó â◊¥#º=∞O„`Õ} `Õ㨇 $`åó â◊¥#º"Õk#ó II
q+¨ÜÕ∞ Ö’Å∞ѨOz `«ÎO =∞~°¯Ï^ŒÑ≤ K«OK«ÅO
ã¨~°fiâ◊¥#º Ѩ^Õã≤÷`åfi `«`Àx~åfi} "Õ∞+¨ºu II
ã¨~°fi`«`åfi^Œº ã¨Oaè#flO ^ÕǨ`ü aè#flO`«^ä≥· =K«
JǨÏ=∞™ê‡^Œº ã¨Oaè#flO K≥·`«#ºO ã¨~°fi`À =ÚYO II
42
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
`å: *Ï˝<À`«ÊuÎH˘~°ˆH Hõ~å‡#∞ëêª#=Ú K≥ѨÊ|_ç#k Ü≥∂QÆã≤^Œ∞úÅ#∞
q_çzÃјì z^Œ…<≥·Hõ =ã¨∞Î=Ù<Õ ^蕺xOKåe. áê`åà◊=∞O^Œ∞#fl HÍÖÏyfl
~°∞„^ŒÉèí=#=Ú #∞O_ç â◊H˜Î`«`«fi=Ú =~°‰õΩ ã¨=∞ã¨ÎÉè’QÆ=Ú#∞ q_»z
ÃÑ@ì=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ã¨∞MÏaèÖÏ+≤Ü≥ÿ∞# =∞#ã¨∞û HÀuHõO>Ë K«OK«Å"≥∞ÿ#k.
ã¨~°fi`«`«fi=ÚÅ`À ‰õÄ_»x^≥· ''JǨÏ=∞ã≤‡—— J<Õ ã¨OHõÅÊ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ
ã¨~°fi`À=ÚY"≥∞ÿ# K≥·`«#º=Ú`À LO_» =ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
â’¡II PHÍâ◊q∞= ã¨~°fiO`«∞ ã¨ÉÏǨÉèϺO`«~°O „Ñ≤ÜÕ∞
Ѩ~å#O^Œ=∞ ~°∂ѨO`«∞ Ѩâ◊º<åfl#O^Œ ÉèÏQƃù"Õ`ü II
x~°O^èŒ<À Ü«∞^è•=Ç≤Ïfló ã¨fiÜ«∞"Õ∞= „Ѩâß=∞ºu
„QÍǨºÉèÏ"å#‡ # ã¨Î^Œfi`ü ã¨fiÜ«∞"Õ∞= „ѨbÜ«∞`Õ
"≥∂Ç‘ÏHÍ=¸iÛù HÍ=∂Ü«∂ ã¨fiѨflâıÛu K«`«∞ifi^èŒ
ã¨∞+¨μÑ≤Î *ÏQÆ$uâ‹ÂÛ= ã¨~°fi"Õ∞ `«`«Êi`«º*Ë`ü II
^ÕǨ`ü ã¨∂HõΔ ‡ QÆ`å¢`åÊ}Ï`ü z`å^Œ∞ƒù^Õú ~°Ç¨ÏOHõ$`Õó II
ã¨~°fi™ê‡kÛù#fl U"åǨÏO zO`«Ü«∞<£ ÅÉèí`Õz`«O II
`å : Ѷ¨∞@=Ú, =∞~î°=Ú, "≥ÚII =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅO^Œe â◊¥#º=Ú=Öˇ,
ÉÏǨºÉèíºO`«~°=ÚÅO^Œ∞ xO_çÜ«Ú#fl Ѩ~å#O^Œ Ѩ~°=∞ t=Ùx ^Œi≈Oz,
P#O^Œ=Ú á⁄O^Œ=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ѨÙÅ¡Å∞ÖËx Jyfl Uq^èŒ=ÚQÍ `å<Õ PiáÈ=Ù<À
q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ∞ ÖËx =∞#ã¨∞û ‰õÄ_® J>Ë¡ <åâ◊#=∞QÆ∞#∞. Ѩ~°=∞t=ÙxÖ’
b#=∞QÆ∞#∞. "≥∂ǨÏ=Ú– =¸~°Ûù–=∂Ü«∞–ã¨fiѨfl=Ú J#∞ 4 ã¨∞+¨μÑ≤Î
(`«"≥∂QÆ∞} u~ÀÇ≤Ï`« =∞<À~°∂ѨO) *ÏQÆ$u ã¨~°fi=¸ Ѩi`«ºlOK«
=ÅÜ«Ú#∞, ã¨∂÷Åâ◊s~°=Ú, „áê}=Ú, =∞#ã¨∞û, |∞kú, JǨÏOHÍ~°O
g@xflHõO>Ë `å#∞ aè#∞fl_»x ÉèÏqOz#KÀ zkfi"ÕHõ=Ú HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞.
â’¡II ã¨^•aè Éèí∂Ü«∞`Õ z`«ÎO x„^ŒÜ«∂ 㨇~°}Ïk<å
É’^èŒ~Ú`åfi „Ѩܫ∞`Õfl# ‰õΩ~åº`ü ã¨fiã¨úOѨÙ#óѨÙ#ó
43
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
Ü«∞^ä•ã≤÷~°O Éèí"Õ`üz`«ÎO <≥·=KåÅÜ«∞<£ Hõ^äŒOK«#
#H˜Oz zÛO`«ÜÕ∞ `«Î„`« ã≤÷~°"Õ∞=`«∞ HÍ~°ÜÕ∞`ü II
P„â◊Ü«∂ÅO|#O z`«ÎO `«^Œfi`«∞¯~åºxfl ~å„â◊Ü«∞O
K«OK«ÅO xâ◊ÛÅO‰õΩ~åº`ü xâ◊ÛÅO`«∞# KåÅÜÕ∞`ü II
ã¨~°fiÉèí∂`« ÅÜÕ∞*Ï`Õ Ü«∞^Œº^£ "Àº=∞ã¨∞ x~°‡ÅO
`«`«Î„^Œ∂ѨO ã¨fiHõO^蕺ÜÕ∞`ü "åºÑ¨ÎOK≥·=`«∞ x~°‡ÅO II
`å: =∞#ã¨∞û ZšѨC_»∂ x„^•ã¨‡~°}Ï^Œ∞ÅKÕ "≥#∞Hõ‰õΩ Ñ¨Ü«∞xOK«∞#∞
(JaèÉèí∂Ü«∞`ÕII u~°¢ã≤¯Ü«∞`Õ) ^•xx É’^èŒ#`À =∞~°Å =∞~°Å ã¨fiã¨ú=Ú
KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ. JѨÙ_Õ ã≤ú~°=∞QÆ∞#∞. P„â◊Ü«∞=ÚÅ#∞ PtOK«∞ z`«Î=Ú#∞
x~å„â◊Ü«∞=Ú KÕã≤#KÀ K«OK«Å`«fi=Ú áÈ~Ú xâ◊ÛÅ=∞QÆ∞#∞ ã¨~°fi
=¸ÅÜ«∞"≥∞ÿ# Ñ≤=∞‡@ PHÍâ◊=Ú Z@∞¡ x~°‡Å=ÚQÍ #∞O_»∞<À, `å#∞
J>Ë¡ ÉèÏqOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
â’¡II `«^Õ= [#‡™êѶ¨ÅºO áêO_ç`«º q∞^Œ"Õ∞=Ç≤Ï
K«Å^•fiÜ«Ú ã¨=∞Oz`«ÎO xâ◊ÛÅO„kèÜ«∞`ÕÇ≤Ï `«`ü II
<≥·"À~°úºO ^è•~°ÜÕ∞z`«ÎO #=∞^茺O <åѨº^èŒóHõfiz`ü
JO`«~åƒù= qx~°∞‡HõÎO ã¨^• ‰õΩ~åºxfl ~å„â◊Ü«∞O
x„^•Ü«∂O É’^èŒÜÕ∞zÛ`«ÎO qH˜ΔѨÎO â◊=∞ÜÕ∞`«∞Ê#ó
ѨHõΔ^ŒfiÜ«∞ Ѩi`庈Q ã¨O„áê¿ÑÎ<≥·= KåÅÜÕ∞`ü I
x~å„â◊Ü«∞O ã¨^•z`«ÎO ã¨~åfiÅO|# =i˚`«O
=∞<À=™êÌ qx~°∞‡HõÎO q*˽ܫ∞O =ÚH˜ÎÅHõΔ}O II
`å : W@∞¡ x~°‡Å`«fi=Ú á⁄O^Œ∞@KÕ [#‡ ™êѶ¨Åº=Ú. W^Õ
áêO_ç`«º=Ú. ÉèÏ=â◊¥#º"≥∞ÿ# =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ x~å„â◊Ü«∞=ÚQÍ KÕã≤ xâ◊ÛÅ=Ú
KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. x„^ŒÜ«∞O^Œ∞ =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ "Õ∞Ö’¯ÅÊ=Öˇ#∞. "庉õΩÅ"≥∞ÿ#
44
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
=∞#ã¨∞û#∞ LѨâ◊q∞OѨ KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. Dq^èŒ=ÚQÍ x„^•–*ÏQÆ$`«∞ÅKÕ
x~å„â◊Ü«∞O KÕã≤# =∞#ã¨∞û PÅO|#=ÚÖËHõ UH©Éèí∂`«"≥∞ÿ xâ◊ÛÅ=∞QÆ∞#∞
WkÜÕ∞ ™ê^èŒ#.
â’¡II ã¨~åfiÅO|# â◊¥#ºOK« ^è•~°~Ú`åfi =∞<ÀǨÏ$k
Ü«∞^£ *Ï˝#O *ÏÜ«∞`Õ ã¨Ê+¨ìO `«^ŒÉèϺ㨠Ѩ~ÀÉèí"Õ`ü I
ÜÕ∞^蕺ܫ∞Ou #~°Oâ◊¥#ºO x+¨¯ÅO x~°=ã≤÷`«O
`ÕÜ«∂Ou Ѩ~°=∞O™ê÷#O [#‡=∞$`«∞º q=i˚`«O II
^Õ"å ^Õ"å ã¨Î^è•Kå<Õº ^èŒ~å‡^èŒ~“‡K« `«`«ÊùÅO
P„â◊Ü«∂„â◊~Ú q*Ï˝#O ã¨O™ê~°ã¨ºK« |O^èŒ#O II
P„â◊Ü≥∂ ^ŒfiO^Œfi q∞`«∞ºHõÎO ^ŒfiO^Œfi`åºQÍ `«Ê~À^ŒÜ«∞O
r=#∞‡HõÎ ã¨Î^•Ü≥∂w ^ÕǨÏ`åºQÍkfi =ÚK«º`Õ II
`å : qHõÅÊ=ÚÅ∞ ÖËx =∞#ã¨∞û, ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞O^Œ∞ ^è•~°}KÕ
ã¨fiK≥·`«#º=Ú#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘#∞#∞. D Ѩ~°â◊¥#º=Ú#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘#∞ "å~°∞
[#‡=∞$`«∞º=ÙÅ#∞ á⁄O^Œ~°∞. ^ŒO^ŒfiÉèÏ==Ú `˘ÅQÆ∞#∞ r=#∞‡‰õΩÎ_≥·#
W˜ìÜ≥∂y, ^ÕǨÏ`åºQÆ=ÚKÕ =ÚH˜Î K≥O^Œ∞#∞.
â’¡II "≥·~åˆQº} =ѨٙêκQÀ #"≥· HÍ~Àº=∞h+≤}Ï
P~°OÉèí`«ó „H˜Ü«∂<åâı ã¨fiÜ«∞"Õ∞= qѨ`«ûº`Õ II
ǨÏ$`«û~À*ËǨϺǨÏO ~°∂áêÜ«∂ zuifl~°‡ÖÏK«ÖÏ
JǨÏOHÍ~° Ѩi`åºQÍ`ü ™êzu~À‡HõΔ^•~Úh II
ã¨~Àfiáêkè q#∞~°∞‡HõO z„^Œ∂ѨO Ü«∞xfl~°O`«~°O
`«zÛù"ÀÇ¨Ï q∞u^蕺`åfi ã¨~åfiã¨H˜ÎO qã¨~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü II
^Õâ◊*Ï`åºk ã¨O|^•ú<£ =~å‚„â◊=∞ ã¨=∞xfi`å<£
ÉèÏ"å<Õ`å #Êi`«º[º ã¨fiÉèÏ=O ÉèÏ=ÜÕ∞^Œ∞ƒù^Œó II 48
`å : "≥·~åQƺ=ÚKÕ ^ÕǨÏ`åºQÆ=Ú KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. ZO^Œ∞Hõ#QÍ
"≥·~åQƺ=Ú#‰õΩ =¸Å"≥∞ÿ# ¿ÇÏÜ«∞|∞k÷ á⁄O^Œ∞@KÕ Láê^èÕÜ«∞|∞kú ‰õÄ_®
45
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. Hõ~°‡ („H˜Ü«∂) <åâ◊=ÚKÕ `«#O`«`å<Õ <åâ◊# =∞QÆ∞#∞.ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞
Hõ=∞Å=∞O^Œ∞ ''t"ÀǨÏO—— J#∞ x~°‡ÖÏǨÏOHÍ~° Ѩi`åºQÆ=ÚKÕ â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ#
JK«OK«Å"≥∞ÿ# ã≤÷u á⁄O^Œ∞#∞. t"ÀǨÏO J#∞ ÉèÏ=#`À, Éè’QÍã¨H˜Î q_çz,
^Õâ◊–*Ïu–=~°‚–P„â◊=∞ "≥ÚII ÉèÏ=Ѩi`åºQÆ=ÚKÕ t=ÉèÏ=#<Õ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ
™ê^èŒ# KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞.
â’¡II JǨÏ"Õ∞"À #"Õ∞HõtÛ`ü <åǨÏ=∞#º#º Hõ㨺z`ü
#`«O Ѩâߺq∞ Ü«∞™êºÇ¨ÏO `«O# Ѩâߺq∞Ü≥∂=∞=∞
JǨÏ"Õ∞= Ѩ~°O„|Ǩχ [QÆ<åfl^èÀ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°ó
Wu™êº xfltÛ`À =ÚHÀÎ |^Œúó ™êº^Œ#º^è•Ñ¨Ù=∂<£
Pâ◊s~°O Ü«∞^•`å‡#O Ѩâ◊ºu *Ï˝#K«‰õΔΩëê
`«^•Éèí=u âßO`å`å‡ ã¨~°fi`À qQÆ`«ã¨Ê$ǨÏó II
Ü≥∂™œ 㨈~fi+¨μ âߢ¿ãÎ+¨μ Ѩ~î°º`Õ Ç¨Ïº[ Dâ◊fi~°ó
JHÍÜ≥∂ x~°∞æ}ÀǨº`å‡ ™ÈǨÏ=∞ã≤‡# ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ó II
`å : <Õ#∞ Hõ¯_ç<Õ, <åÔH=~°∂ ÖË~°∞. <Õ#∞ Z=ih K«∂K«∞> ÖË^Œ∞.
Z=~°∂ ##∞fl K«∂K«∞@ÖË^Œ∞. <Õ<ÕѨ~°„|Ǩχ ã¨fi~°∂Ѩ=Ú#∞. =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°∞_»#∞.
J#∞ÉèÏ=# *Ï˝# <Õ„`«=ÚÅ`À Hõey#ѨÙ_»∞, `«##∞ Jâ◊s~°=ÚQÍ ÉèÏqOz
âßO`å`«∞‡_»QÆ∞#∞. ã¨HõÅâßG=ÚÅO^Œ∞ J`«_Õ Dâ◊fi~°∞_»x Ñ≤Å∞=
|_»∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. JHÍÜ«Ú_»∞, J#QÍ â◊s~°=Ú ÖËx"å_»∞, x~°∞æ}∞_»∞ J~Ú#
PP`«‡ xã¨ûOâ◊Ü«∞=ÚQÍ <Õ<Õ JQÆ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞.
â’¡II q[˝Ñ≤Î =∂„`ÀÇ≤Ï ã¨^•qâ◊√^Œ÷ó
ã¨~°fi„`«Ü«∞™ê‡`ü ã¨`«`«O q=ÚHõÎó II
<å^ÕÜ«∞ ¿ÇÏÜ≥∂ ǨϺǨÏ=∞„Ѩ`«~°¯ ºó
`«™ê‡`ü ã¨^•„|Ǩχ=∞Ü≥∂ qâ’Hõó II
P=∞ã¨ÎHõO áê^Œ`«ÖÏ=™ê#O ™êO`«~°˚Ç≤Ïó K«~°‡ ѨÏ=#^Œ÷O II
46
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
`«`«¯ $`«ûfl "Õ∞"å=∞$`«~°∂Ѩ=∞#º`ü z„^Œ∂Ѩ=∂`å‡ #=∞##º ã≤^ŒúO II
Dâ’ǨÏ"Õ∞ "å㨺K«~å K«~°ã¨º
Ñ≤`åK« =∂`åK« Ñ≤`å=∞ǨÏâ◊Û II
^蕺#O ã¨=∂™êúÜ«∞ Ѩ^ŒOK«`«∞~°÷O ^蕺ܫ∞Ou
=∂"Õ∞= q=ÚHõÎHÍ=∂ó
„|Ǩ‡kaèˆ~Ì= =∞#∞+¨º<åÔQ·ó QÆO^èŒ~°fi Ü«∞HõΔѨû~° ™êOQÆ}ˇÿâ◊Û
Ü«∞*Ë˝Â~°<ÕÔH· ~°Ç¨Ï"Õ∞= ѨÓ[ºó =∂"Õ∞=㨈~fi„Ѩu ѨÓ[Ü«∞Ou II
`å: qt+¨ì K≥·`«#º=ÚQÍ `«##∞ÉèÏqOz, qâ◊√^Œ∞ú_≥· ã¨^• „|Ǩχ=∞Ü«Ú_≥·
rqOK«=Öˇ#∞. HÍe#∞O_ç `«Å=~°‰õΩ K«~°‡=Ú`À HõѨÊ|_ç# â◊s~°=Ú֒ѨÅ,
|Ü«∞@ J=∞$`« ~°∂ѨÙ_≥·# z„^Œ∂ѨÙ_Õ "≥Å∞Q˘O^Œ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. K«~åK«~°"≥∞ÿ#
Dâ◊fi~°∞_Õ `å#∞ `«O„_ç, `«e¡, `å`« JO`å `å<Õ „|Ǩ‡k^Õ=`«Å∞,
#~°–<åQÆ–QÆO^èŒ~°fi–Ü«∞HõΔ– JѨÊ~ÀQÆ}=ÚÅ∞ ã¨HõÅ Ü«∞[˝=ÚÅ∞ g@xfl˜KÕ
`å<Õ Ñ¨ÓlOѨ |_»∞K«∞<åfl_»∞.
â’¡II `«áÈaè~°∞ÔQ„ifiq^è≥·â◊Û^•<≥·ó =∂"Õ∞= 㨈~fi„ѨuѨÓ[Ü«∞Ou
Éèí∂`åx KåǨÏO ã≤ú~°[OQÆ=∂x Ü«∂=Ou Kå<åº#ûǨÏ
"Õ∞=`åx I
#ã¨∂úÅ ã¨∂HΔÀ‡#K« â◊¥#º~°∂áÈ *Ï˝<≥·Hõ~°∂áÈ
[QÆ^ÕHõ |O^èŒ∞ó II
x~°O`«~À x~°‡Å Dâ◊fi~ÀǨÏO ã¨fiáêfl^Œº=™êúK«∞ºu x¢+¨ÊѨOK«ó II
J<åk q*Ï˝# =∞[OѨÙ~å}O QÆ∞Ǩâ◊Ü«∂ x+¨¯Å=∞ „ѨѨOK«O
x~°O[#O x¢+¨Êu=∞O xsâ◊=∞^Œ$â◊º=∞ „QÍǨϺ=∞ zO`«º~°∂ѨO II
ã¨<å`«#O „|Ǩχx~°O`«~°O Ü«∞`üѨ^Õ-™ÈǨÏq∞u „ѨѨâıº`ü
Ü≥∂ÉèÏq`« ã≤Î+¨ìu x¢+¨ÊHõOѨó 㨄|ǨχÉèí∂`À=∞$`å =ÚÃÑ·u I
47
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
`å : L„QÆ`«Ñ¨=ÚÅ∞–^•#=ÚÅ∞, ™êú=~°–[OQÆ=∞=ÚÅ∞–
ã¨HÍÅ=ÚÅ∞ `å<Õ JQÆ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. *Ï˝<≥·Hõ~°∂Ѩ"Õ∞ `å#QÆ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞ HÍx,
ã¨∂úÅ=Ú, ã¨∂HõΔ=Ú HÍ^Œ∞. JkÖËx x+¨¯Å"≥∞ÿ# ã¨<å`«"≥∞ÿ# „|Ǩχ ã¨fi~°∂Ѩ"Õ∞
`å#∞, W˜ì"å_Õ J=∞$`«∞_»QÆ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞.
â’¡II *Ï˝#"Õ∞=O =~å~À¿ÇÏ Hõkè`«O"≥∂HõΔ ã≤^ŒúÜÕ∞
PKå~°O Hõ^茺=∂#O`«∞ ™êO„Ѩ`«O â◊$}∞`«O =∞Ü«∂ II
#™êfl#O #[ѨóѨÓ*Ï Ç¨ÏŸ"≥∂ <≥·=K« ™ê^èŒ#O
^èŒ~å‡^èŒ~°‡ Ѷ¨ÅO<åã≤Î#ukäÖ∫H˜Hõ „H˜Ü«∂
ã¨O`«º*Ë`ü ã¨~°fiHõ~å‡}˜ Ö’HÍKå~°OK« ã¨~°fiâ◊ó II
`å : "≥∂HõΔã≤k÷ *Ï˝#=Ú=Å# =∂„`«"Õ∞ HõÅÅ∞QÆ∞#∞.
™êfl#–[Ѩ–ѨÓ[–Ǩϟ=∞=ÚÅ=Å¡ ã≤k÷OK«^Œ∞. ˆHΔ„`«Ñ‘~î° xÜ«∞=∞ =ÚÅ∞
nxH˜ÖË=Ù. Ñ≤`«$HÍ~°º=Ú–J~°Û#–f~°÷ Ü«∂„`«–„=`«=ÚÅ∞, ^èŒ~å‡^èŒ~°‡
Ѷ¨e`«=ÚÅ∞, qt+¨ª u^èŒ∞ÅO^Œ∞ KÕÜ«Ú„H˜Ü«∞Å∞ Uq∞Ü«Ú "≥∂HõΔ=Ú
x=fi*ÏÅ=Ù. Ö’HÍKå~°=Ú "≥∂HõΔ=Ú HÀ~°∞"å_»∞ q_»zÃÑ@ì=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
â’¡II ã¨=∞Ü«∂Kå~° xâı≈ëê<£ Hõ$`«*Ï`«O`«∞ |O^èŒ#O
ã¨OHõÅÊOK« qHõÅÊOK« ÜÕ∞Kå<Õº ‰õΩÅ^è•i‡HÍó II
ã≤kúâ◊Û qq^è•HÍ~å áê`åÖÏk ~°™êÜ«∞#O
„Ѩ`«ºˆHΔ}ÏÑ≤ ÅÉè˺~°<£ <≥·=QÆ$Ç‘Ï‚`« ™ê^èŒHõó II
㨈~fi`Õ Ñ¨â◊√|O^è•óã¨∞ºó J^äÀ=∂~°æ „Ѩ^•Ü«∞HÍ
U`≥· ~åflã≤ΠѨ~å=ÚH˜Îó z„^Œ∂ѨO "åºÑ¨HõO q<å
ÜÕ∞# ˆH# qâı¿+} ã¨~åfi=™ÈúÑ≤ Ü≥∂QÆ^èŒ$`ü
ˆHΔ„`«Ñ‘ˆ~îK« ã¨O^ÕǨ`ü =~°˚ ÜÕ∞^Œºk H“`«∞Hõ"£∞ II
48
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
`å: H“à◊^èŒ~°‡=ÚHÍx, ã¨=∞Ü«∂Kå~°=Ú HÍx ã¨OHõÅÊ qHõÅÊ=ÚÅ∞
W=xflÜ«¸ "≥∂HõΔã≤kÌ x=fiÖË=Ù. ~°™êÜ«∞<åk ã≤^Œ∞úÅ∞ „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«~å^Œ∞.
Wq™ê^茉õΩ_»∞ =i˚OK«=Öˇ#∞. W=xflÜ«¸ Ѩâ◊√|O^èŒ HÍ~°Hõ=ÚÅ∞ g˜=Å¡
=ÚH˜Î ã≤kúOK«^Œ∞ g˜Ü«∞O^Œ∞ "≥∂ǨÏ=Ú q_»zÃÑ@ì=ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
â’¡II Hõ$q∞H©@ Ѩ`«OQÍOâ◊Û `«^è•^Õq =#ã¨Êf<£
#<åâ◊ÜÕ∞^£ |∞^èÀr"å<£ Ѩ~°=∂~°÷ =∞u~°º`«ó II
#=¸Ö’`åÊ@#O ‰õΩ~åº`ü Ѩ„`«KÕÛù^ŒO qã¨~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü
Éèí∂`«Ñ‘_®O #‰õΩsfi`« ѨÙëêÊ}ÏOK« xHõ$O`«#O I
ã¨fiÜ«∞O Ѩu`« Ѩٿ+ÂÊã¨∞Î Hõ~°Î=ºO t=ѨÓ[#O
=∂~°}ÀKåÛ@<ånx q^Õfi+¨ ã¨ÎOÉèË`«^ä• II
[fi~°Éèí∂`« „QÆǨ"Õâ◊ =âߺHõ~°¬} "≥∂ǨÏ#O
# ‰õΩ~åº`ü ‰õΔΩ„^ŒHõ~å‡}˜ HÍ+¨ªáêëê} ѨÓ[#O II
`å: Ѩ~°=∂~°ú|∞k÷ QÆÅ"å_»∞ „H˜q∞H©@HÍѨHõΔ *ÏÅ=Ú#∞ Ç≤ÏOã≤OK«
~å^Œ∞. P‰õΩ‰õÄ_® „`«∞OK«~å^Œ∞. ѨÓ=ÙÅ∞ HÀÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. Éèí∂`«ÉÏ^èŒ KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞.
<ÕÅÃÑ· Ѩ_ç# ѨÓ=ÙÅ`À<Õ t=ѨÓ[ KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. =∂~°} q^Õfi+¨}
ã¨ÎOÉèí<åkHõ~°‡ ÖÏK«iOK«~å^Œ∞. ~å~Ú, K≥Hõ¯ q„QÆǨÏ=ÚÅ#∞ ѨÓlOK«~å^Œ∞.
â’¡II ã¨"≥∂ q∞„`ÕK« q∞„`ÕK« ã¨"≥∂Ö’¿+ªK« HÍOK«<Õ
JaèÖÏëÈ# Hõ~°Î=ºó WO„kÜ«∂ˆ~ú Hõ^•K«# II
P`å‡~å"≥∂ Éèí"Õ^Àºw x~°ƒÜ≥∂ qQÆ`«ã¨Ê$ǨÏó
ã¨=∞xO^• „Ѩâ◊Oã¨â◊Û ã¨~°fiÉèí∂`« ã¨=∞ã¨Î^è• ó
ã¨=∞^Œ$+≤ìã¨∞Î Hõ~°Î"åº Ü«∞^ä•`«‡x `«^è•Ñ¨ˆ~
q"å^ŒO Ö’HõQÀ+≤ªOK« HõÅǨOâ◊Û q=~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü II
D~嬺O ÃÑ· â◊¥#º^ŒOÉèËK« ~åQÆO =∂`«û~°º"Õ∞=K«
HÍ=∞„HÀ^èÒ ÉèíÜ«∞Oâ’HõO `«º*Ë`ü ã¨~°fiO â◊<≥·ó â◊<≥·
49
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
`å : q∞„`«–â◊`«$=ÙÅO^Œ∞ ã¨=∞^Œ$+≤ì Hõey Ü«ÚO_»=Öˇ#∞.
xO^•ã¨∞Î`«∞Å#∞ ã¨=∞=ÚQÍ „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. P`«‡Ü«∞O^Œ∞ W`«~°∞Å
Ü«∞O^Œ∞ ã¨=∞|∞kú HõeyÜ«ÚO_»=Öˇ#∞. "å^Œ=Ú–QÀ+≤ª– D~°¬º
–Ñ≤ã≤<åi`«#=Ú. „¿Ñ=∞, =∂`«û~°º=ÚÅ∞ HÍ=∞–„HÀ^è•^Œ∞Å∞, â’HõO
W=xflÜ«¸ „Hõ=∞=ÚQÍ <≥=∞‡k<≥=∞‡kQÍ q_»zÃÑ@ì =ÅÜ«Ú#∞.
â’¡II âßGQÀ+≤ìO# ‰õΩsfi`« ‰õΩÉèÏ+≤`« ã¨∞ÉèÏ+≤`å<£ I
ã¨~°fi^ŒfiO^Œfi q#∞~°∞‡HõÎó ã¨O`«`«O [#=i˚`«ó
J<Õ<≥·= â◊sˆ~} ã¨~°fi[˝ó #<£ „ѨHÍâ◊`Õ II
*Ï]<Õ<≥·= Ü«∞^è•"≥∂HõΔó `«^ä•ã≤k÷ó x~°~°úHÍ
`«^è•Ñ≤ Éè’QÆq∞K«ÛùOu ã≤kúq∞K«ÛùOu ™ê^èŒHÍó II
J}˜=∂k QÆ∞}Ï"åºÑ≤Îó *ÏÜ«∞`åO "å#*ÏÜ«∞`åO
`«^è•Ñ≤ =ÚK«º`Õ ^ÕÇ≤Ï Ñ¨uO q*Ï˝Ü«∞ x~°‡ÖÏ II
ѨOK«Éèí∂ `å`«‡HÀ^ÕǨó t=ã¨Î¢`≥·= u+¨ªu
t"å^Œº=x Ѩ~°ºO`À Ö’HÀÜ«∞O â◊OHõ~å`«‡Hõó II
`å : âßG K«~°ÛÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. UHÍO`«=ÚQÍ `«`«fizO`«#
KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. J}˜=∂k ã≤^Œ∞úÅ∞ HõÅ∞QÆh, HõÅ∞QÆHõáÈh, *Ï˝#=Ú =Å#
=∂„`«"Õ∞ "≥∂HõΔ=Ú ã≤kúOK«∞#∞. ѨOK«Éèí∂`å`«‡Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ^ÕǨÏ=Ú#O^Œ∞
t=Ù_»∞<åfl_»∞ t=Ùx #∞O_ç J=x=~°‰õΩ JO`å â◊OHõ~°ã¨fi~°∂Ѩ"Õ∞
JQÆ∞K«∞#flk.
â’¡II D^Œ$â◊O *Ï˝x#O^Œ$ëêìfi ѨÓ[Ü«∞Ou K«ÜÕ∞#~åó
QÆO^èŒO ѨÙ+¨Ê Ѷ¨ÅO ^èŒ∂ѨO ™êfl#O =GOK« Éè’[#O II
x"Õ^ŒÜ«∞Ou ÜÕ∞ˆHz`ü "åOQƇ#óHÍÜ«∞ Hõ~°‡aèó
`«^ä≥·=`Õ q=ÚK«ºO`Õ =ÚH˜Î=∂~åæaè HÍOH˜Δ}ó I
ã¨∞ÎuxO^• Hõ~åã¨Î㨺 ѨÙ}ºáê¿Ñ ã¨=∂ѨÙflÜ«Úó
50
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
Ü«∞^£ *Ï˝<åK«~°}O Ѩ$+¨ìO `«`üã¨~°fiO Hõkè`«O=∞Ü«∂
HÍÅ*Ï˝#O =~å~À¿ÇÏ H˜=∞#º`ü ѨiѨ$K«Ûùã≤ II
`å : W@∞=O˜ ã≤÷uQÆey# "åix ѨÓlOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. WkÜÕ∞
*Ï˝<åK«~°} JQÆ∞K«∞#flk. =ÚH˜ÎQÀ~°∞"å~°∞ ã≤^Œ∞÷ʼnõΩ ã¨=∞iÊOK«∞ QÆO^èŒ,
ѨÙ+¨Ê Ѷ¨Å, ^èŒ∂Ѩ, ™êfl# =G Éè’[=ÚÅ =Å# *Ï˝#ã≤k÷ HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. WkÜÕ∞
HÍÅ*Ï˝#=∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk.
Wu ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞ó
t"å~°Ê}=∞ã¨∞Î II
51
^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
`«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o
"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü
¿Ñ¶`å¯i}©`«O„`«O
52
52
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali
Tantrika grandhavali

More Related Content

What's hot

025 discussion
025 discussion025 discussion
025 discussionHari99
 
Evari daggaraku vellaali_javaabu
Evari daggaraku vellaali_javaabuEvari daggaraku vellaali_javaabu
Evari daggaraku vellaali_javaabuvenkatesha9
 
UPSR PERAK BT SET 1 K1 2005
UPSR PERAK BT SET 1 K1 2005UPSR PERAK BT SET 1 K1 2005
UPSR PERAK BT SET 1 K1 2005Raja Segaran
 
Snehapoorvam Amma
Snehapoorvam AmmaSnehapoorvam Amma
Snehapoorvam Ammarvkara
 
Confessions shobha
Confessions shobhaConfessions shobha
Confessions shobhavenkatesha9
 
Aparichithulu 01-02
Aparichithulu 01-02Aparichithulu 01-02
Aparichithulu 01-02venkatesha9
 
talli prema / తల్లి ప్రేమ
talli prema / తల్లి ప్రేమ talli prema / తల్లి ప్రేమ
talli prema / తల్లి ప్రేమ Teacher
 
Pukkalla Telugu Cartoons Part - 1
Pukkalla Telugu Cartoons Part - 1Pukkalla Telugu Cartoons Part - 1
Pukkalla Telugu Cartoons Part - 1coolgraphs
 
Ammaayi koasam-01-02
Ammaayi koasam-01-02Ammaayi koasam-01-02
Ammaayi koasam-01-02venkatesha9
 

What's hot (20)

Collector 01
Collector 01Collector 01
Collector 01
 
Durga
DurgaDurga
Durga
 
Boa nee
Boa neeBoa nee
Boa nee
 
Parables of Christ (Telugu)
Parables of Christ (Telugu)Parables of Christ (Telugu)
Parables of Christ (Telugu)
 
001 mmmp-01-07
001 mmmp-01-07001 mmmp-01-07
001 mmmp-01-07
 
Atadi katha-01
Atadi katha-01Atadi katha-01
Atadi katha-01
 
025 discussion
025 discussion025 discussion
025 discussion
 
Evari daggaraku vellaali_javaabu
Evari daggaraku vellaali_javaabuEvari daggaraku vellaali_javaabu
Evari daggaraku vellaali_javaabu
 
UPSR PERAK BT SET 1 K1 2005
UPSR PERAK BT SET 1 K1 2005UPSR PERAK BT SET 1 K1 2005
UPSR PERAK BT SET 1 K1 2005
 
Snehapoorvam Amma
Snehapoorvam AmmaSnehapoorvam Amma
Snehapoorvam Amma
 
Confessions shobha
Confessions shobhaConfessions shobha
Confessions shobha
 
Dondoo dondae
Dondoo dondaeDondoo dondae
Dondoo dondae
 
Aparichithulu 01-02
Aparichithulu 01-02Aparichithulu 01-02
Aparichithulu 01-02
 
Anna bhaaryato
Anna bhaaryatoAnna bhaaryato
Anna bhaaryato
 
talli prema / తల్లి ప్రేమ
talli prema / తల్లి ప్రేమ talli prema / తల్లి ప్రేమ
talli prema / తల్లి ప్రేమ
 
Pukkalla Telugu Cartoons Part - 1
Pukkalla Telugu Cartoons Part - 1Pukkalla Telugu Cartoons Part - 1
Pukkalla Telugu Cartoons Part - 1
 
Alludu golilata
Alludu golilataAlludu golilata
Alludu golilata
 
Chiktlo sandadi
Chiktlo sandadiChiktlo sandadi
Chiktlo sandadi
 
Ammaayi koasam-01-02
Ammaayi koasam-01-02Ammaayi koasam-01-02
Ammaayi koasam-01-02
 
Divanam 01-03
Divanam 01-03Divanam 01-03
Divanam 01-03
 

Tantrika grandhavali

  • 1. 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 1234567890123456789012345678901212345678901234567890123456789012123456789012345678901 cccccccccccccccccccccccc `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o ™êÇ≤Ï`«ºq^•º„Ѩg}†`«~°¯–"Õ^•O`«^èŒ∞s} *’ºu+¨–`«O„`«áês} „|ǨχN "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü M . A . ã¨O㨯 $`«O HÍÑ‘Ô~·ò] 2007 "≥Å: 80-00 Q˘Å¡Ñ¨Ó_çg~å™êfiq∞ã¨<£ Ѩa¡+¨~üûJO_£|∞H±ÃãÅ¡~üû HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O–~å[=∞O„_ç–533101 á¶È<£:2465253 Ѩa¡+¨~üû: ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc cccccccccccccccccccccccc ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc Zxq∞k `«O`«„ QÆ„O^äŒ=ÚÅ Hõ^ŒO|O 1
  • 2. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o ~°K«#: "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü,M.A. ã¨O㨯 $`«O „Ѩ^èŒ=∞=Ú„^Œ}: _çâ◊O|~°∞–2007 =ÚYz„`åÅ∞: ÔH.a. „H˜ÜÕ∞+¨<£û ~å[=∞O„_ç –533103.,á¶È<£:2464707 „QÆO^äŒ=Ú„^Œ}: =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis„Ñ≤O˜OQ∑ Éˇ·O_çOQ∑=~ü¯û ~å[=∞O„_ç–533104., á¶È<£:2478594 =ÚYz„`«=Ú„^Œ}: Dâ◊fi~ü „QÍѶ≤H±û ~å[=∞O„_ç–533103.,á¶È<£:2461532 „ѨHÍâ◊‰õΩÅ∞ HÍÑ‘Ô~·òǨωõΩ¯^•~°∞Å∞: Q˘Å¡Ñ¨Ó_çg~å™êfiq∞ã¨<£ HÀ@QÆ∞=∞‡O–~å[=∞O„_ç.–533101., á¶È<£:2465253 2
  • 3. `≥Å∞QÆ∞Ö’ ''`«O„`« ™êÇ≤Ï`«ºO'' ÖËxH˘~°`«#∞ f~°∞Û`«∂ ''`åO„uHõ „QÆO^è•=o—— J#∞¿Ñ~° QÆ`« 4 ã¨OIIÅ∞QÍ Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõ=ÚÅ#∞ „ѨK«∞iã¨∂Î =ã¨∞Î<åfl=Ú. `«O„`« ™ê^茉õΩÅ∞, l*Ï˝ã¨∞=ÙÅ∞ P^Œiã¨∞Î<åfl~°∞ ã¨O`À+¨O. WѨÙ_»∞ 8 `«O„`«Ñ¨Ùã¨ÎHõ=ÚÅ#∞ XˆH ѨÙã¨ÎHõ=ÚQÍ „ѨK«∞iã¨∞Î<åfl=Ú. =Ú„^Œ}Ï=ºÜ«∞O ZO`ÀÃÑiy# D ~ÀAÅÖ’ Wk H˘O`«™êǨÏã¨OQÍ<Õ ÉèÏqOKåe. J~Ú<å Dâ◊fi~°Hõ$Ѩ=Å¡ J#∞‰õΩ#flk [~°∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. 1. „Ѩ`«ºOy~å `«O„`«O–nxxQÆ∂iÛ =ÚO^Œ∞ ¿ÑrÅÖ’ q=iOK« |_ç#k. 2. ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î ~åQÆ=∞O – Wk "å~°}Ïã≤Ö’x ã¨~°ã¨fifÉèí=# ѨÙãÎ̈HÍÅÜ«∞=ÚÖ’ L#flk. Hõ#fl_»ÉèÏ+¨Ö’ Ǩïa¡#∞O_ç „Ñ¨K«∞iOK« |_ç#k. 3. ¿Ñ¶`å¯i}© `«O„`«O–Wk ã¨~°ã¨fif Éèí=# ѨÙã¨ÎHÍÅÜ«∞OÖ’ 24823 <≥O.`À L#flk. ɡOQÍb eÑ≤Ö’ =O^Œ ã¨OII„H˜`«O =Ú„kOK«|_çOk. 4. =O^蕺 `«O„`«O–¢ã‘ÎÅ QÆ~°ƒùq+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ PÜ«Úˆ~fi^Œ âßG=Ú#∞ q=iOz# =∞ǨÏ`«Î~° ѨÙã¨ÎHõO. 5. g}ÏtY `«O„`«O–Wk t=Ùx "å=∂Kå~° q^è•#=ÚÖ’ ѨÓ*ÏѨ^Œúu `≥eÜ«∞*Ëã¨∞ÎOk. q=~°=ÚÅ∞ 83 #∞O_ç 93=~°‰õΩ ¿ÑrÅÖ’ q=iOK«|_çOk. @∂º<£ Q“„_çÜ«∞<£ (<≥^Œ~å¡O_£) nxx Ѩiâ’kèOz–WOw¡+¨μ J#∞"å^ŒO KÕâß~°∞. 6. *Ï˝# ã¨OHõeh `«O„`«O – Wk =O^Œ ã¨OII„H˜`«O HõÅHõ`åÎÖ’ ~°ã≤Hõ K«O„^ŒK«’ìáê^蕺ܫ∞ ɡOQÍb ÉèÏ+¨Ö’ „ѨK«∞iOKå~°∞. `«~°∞"å`« HÍjÖ’x ã¨OѨÓ~å‚#O^Œ ã¨O㨯 $`« qâ◊fiq^•ºÅÜ«∞O"å~°∞ „ѨK«∞iOKå~°∞. 7. _®=∞~° `«O„`«O–Wk KÒYOÉÏ"å~°∞ „ѨK«∞iOKå~°∞. g~°O^ŒiH© Hõ$`«[˝`«Å∞ `≥eÜ«∞*Ëã¨∞Î<åfl#∞. =Ú#∞fl_ç 3
  • 4. 8. ^Œâ◊=∞Ǩq^ŒºÅ∞–D q^ŒºÅ‰õΩ =¸Å=Ú "Õ^Œ=ÚÖ’<Õ L#flk. ''Ü«∞*’˝"≥· ^Œâ◊Ǩϟ`å–Jx `≥·`«ÎsÜ«∞ „ÉÏǨχ}=ÚÖ’#∞, ''^ŒâßHõΔ~å"≥· q~åò—— Jx â◊`«Ñ¨^èŒ „ÉÏǨχ}=ÚÖ’#∂, Ѩkq^ŒºÅ‰õΩ P^è•~°=Ú Å∞#flq. JO`ÕQÍHõ ''Ü«∞^•"≥· Hõ$`åº=Ú`«ö#Ou J^茙êÅ™ê "≥∂Ѷ¨∂ Éèí=uII `«^èÀ U"≥·+¨ U`«^Œº™ê‡ J„`« HõtÛ`ü kfi+¨<£ ÉèÏ`«$=ºóI Hõ$`åº|ÖÏæO xY#u `å<Õ"≥· `«^Œ∞u¯~°u–Jx â◊`«Ñ¨^èŒ „ÉÏǨχ}=ÚÖ’ 3–5–4–3– Hõ$`åºâ◊H˜Î J~Ú# |QÆàÏ=Úv–|ÖÏæ Jx LÖË¡dOK« |_ç#k. Wk =∂~°}–"≥∂ǨÏ#– LKåÛ@#– q^Õfi+¨}ÅO^Œ∞ „ѨÜ≥∂yOѨ |_»∞#∞. HÍo J#QÍ Z#s˚ HÍfiOÏQÍ, ã¨^•t=Ù_»#QÍ HÍxÊùQƈ~+¨<£ â◊H˜ÎÜ«∞x–=∞ǨHÍÅ∞_»∞ ZÅ¢HÀì"Õ∞QÆfl˜[O Jx P^èŒ∞xHõ `åO„uHõ–âßG "Õ`«ÎÅ∞ x~å÷iOKå~°∞. *’ºu+¨ âßG=∞O^Œ∞ ‰õÄ_® YzÛ`«OQÍ 1800 _ç„wÅÖ’ Z^Œ∞Ô~^Œ∞~°∞QÍ ^≥·g–Pã¨∞s â◊‰õΩÎÅ∞#flq. ã¨OѨ^Œ‰õΩ Jkè^Õ=`« J~Ú# ÅH©;^ÕqH˜ =$+¨ÉèíOÖ’ ~ÀÇ≤Ï}˜Ö’ LK«Û J~Ú`Õ, 1800 ÅÖ’ *˺+¨ìÖ’ =$tÛHõOÖ’ ^Œi„^Œ^Õ=`« H˘Å∞"≥· Ü«Ú#flk. 9 „QÆǨÏ=ÚʼnõΩ ‰õÄ_® 1800 ÅÖ’<Õ LK«ÛhK«=ÚÅ∞#flq. ^Œâ◊=∞Ǩq^ŒºÅ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ áê~åÜ«∞} =Å# PÜ«∂ „QÆǨ#∞ „QÆǨÏ=Ú Hõey PÜ«Ú~å~ÀQƺ Sâ◊fi~åº^Œ∞Å∞ HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞ q=~°=ÚÅ∞ ¿ÑrÖ’ L#flq. t"å~°Ê}=∞ã¨∞Î =∞Ǩt=~å„u – 2002 `«O„`« l*Ï˝ã¨∞=Ù "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü 4
  • 5. 1. „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O – 7–37 2. ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O – 38–51 3. ¿Ñ¶`å¯i}©`«O„`«O – 52–66 4. =O^蕺`«O„`«O – 67–82 5. g}ÏtY`«O„`«O – 83–93 6. *Ï˝#ã¨OHõeh`«O„`«O – 94–99 7. _®=∞~°`«O„`«O – 100–121 8. ^Œâ◊=∞Ǩq^ŒºÅ∞ – 122–256 5 q[Ü«∞ã¨∂zHõ Z
  • 7. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü FO #=∞ó t"åÜ«∞ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`Àáêã¨#. "≥·kHõ–`åO„uHõ ÉèË^Œ=ÚKÕ`« Ô~O_»∞q^èŒ=ÚÅ∞QÍ #∞#flk. "≥·kHõ =∞O„`«=Ú J^èŒ~°fi} "Õ^Œ=ÚÖ’ â∫#Hõ ã¨OÇ≤Ï`«Ö’ 10 HÍO_»=ÚÖ’ 1–35–39 ã¨∂HõÎ=ÚÅÖ’ 44 =∞O„`«=ÚÅ∞#flq. J^èŒ~°fi} "Õ^Œ Ñ≤ѨÊÖÏ^Œ âßYÖ’ 48 =∞O„`«=ÚÅ∞QÍ #∞#flk. g˜ „ѨÜ≥∂QÆ=ÚÅ∞ ''<å~°^Œ`«O„`«O—— J<Õ „QÆO^äŒ=ÚÖ’ #∞#flq. `åO„uHõ „Ѩ`«ºOy~°–c*ÏHõΔ~°=ÚÅ`À ‰õÄ_ç# 25 JHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞ HõÅk. =∂ÖÏ=∞O„`«=Ú "Õ~°∞QÍ HõÅ^Œ∞. ^Õ=`Àáêã¨#Ö’ 5 JOQÆ=ÚÅ∞ HõÅ=Ù. Ѩ@ÅO–Ѩ^Œúf =~°‡`«^è•<å=∞ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨HõO I ™È΄`å}˜KÕu ѨOKåOQÆO ^Õ=`Àáêã¨<Õ㨇 $`«"£∞ II Hõ=K«O ^Õ=`åQÍ„`«O Ѩ@ÅO ^Õ=`å t~°ó Ѩ^Œúuˆ~Ì= ǨϙœÎ`«∞ =ÚYO ™êǨτã¨HõO 㨇 $`«O ™È΄`å}˜ ^Õ=`åáê^Ò Ñ¨OKåOQÆOѨOK«aè 㨇 $`«O II `å : Ѩ@ÅO–Wk =¸Å=∞O„`«=Ú#∞ <åºã¨=ÚÅ#∞ `≥eÜ«∞ *ËÜ«Ú#∞. 2–Ѩ^Œ÷u–Ü«∞O„`« ѨÓ*Ïq^è•#=Ú 3. =~°‡–Wk Hõ=K«=Ú, 7
  • 8. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü 4. ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞=Ú 5.™È`«ÎO–Wk â’¡Hõ=ÚÅ`À #∞O_»∞#∞. ^Õ=`«‰õΩ Hõ=K«O â◊s~°=ږѨ@ÅO t~°ã¨∞û–Ѩ^Œúu ǨÏã¨Î=ÚÅ∞–ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O =ÚY=Ú– ™È΄`«O áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞ JQÆ∞K«∞#flq. Wq =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# 5 JOQÆ=ÚÅ∞. „Ѩã¨∞Î`«O WO^Œ∞ `åO„uHõ q^è•#=ÚÖ’x „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ѨOKåOQÆ=ÚÅ∞ `≥Å∞Ѩ|_ç#q. „Ѩ`«ºOy~°[##O ѨÓ~°fi HõÅÊ=ÚÖ’ ^Õ=^•#=ÙʼnõΩ Ü«Ú^ŒúO [iy#ѨÙ_»∞ ^•#=ÙÅ∞ F_çáÈÜ«∂~°∞. JѨÙ_»∞ N =∞Ǩq+¨μ‚=Ù t=Ù_çzÛ# ã¨∞^Œ~°≈# K«„Hõ=Ú#∞ ^•#=ÙÅÃÑ· „ѨÜ≥∂yOK≥#∞. Jk‰õÄ_® "åix Ug∞ KÕÜ«∞ÖËHõáÈ~Ú#k JѨÙ_»∞ Ѩ~°=∞t=Ù_»∞ ã¨~°fiâ◊`«$<åâ◊<å~°úO Ѩ~åâ◊H˜Îx 㨇iOK«QÍ, â◊H˜Î „Ѩ`«ºOy~å^ÕqQÍ Pq~°ƒùqOz ^•#=ÙÅO^Œih #tOѨKÕÃã#∞. J#O`«~°O t=Ù_»∞–P â◊H˜Î`À „ѨuѨHõΔ<åtx–„Ѩu=∞O„`« ÉèíHõΔ}˜ JQÆ∞@=Å#, h=Ù „Ѩ`«ºOy~å â◊H˜ÎQÆ LO_≥^Œ=x <å=∞Hõ~°}=Ú KÕã≤ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞O„`«=Ú Ñ¨~°=∞ áê=#"≥∞ÿ#^Œx áêѨ<åâ◊#=∞x P^ÕtOK≥#∞. D „Ѩ`«ºOy~°ÜÕ∞ J^èŒ~°fi}HÍoÜ«∞x x‰õΩOaèÅJx, Ñ≤Å∞=|_»∞K«∞#flk. ™ê^茉õΩÅ∞ g˜x 㨄Hõ=∞=ÚQÍ PK«iOz W+¨ªã≤kú á⁄O^ŒQÆÅ~°x ÉèÏqã¨∞Î<åfl#∞. –"Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü II FO #=∞ó t"åÜ«∞ II J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞Ǩ=∞O„`«ã¨º =∞ǨÉèˇ·~°= |∞∞+≤ó II J#∞+¨μªÑπ Kè«O^Œó N=∞¢`«Ê`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åII SO c[O „Ç‘ÏOâ◊H˜Îó ™êfiǨ H©ÅHõOII Éè’QÍѨ =~°æ ã≤^Œúºˆ~ú qxÜ≥∂QÆó : ^蕺#â’¡HõO – 8
  • 9. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü JâßO|~å =ÚHõÎHõKå Ѷ¨∞#K«Ûùq ˆ~̺ܫ∂ ã¨K«~å‡ã≤ Hõ~åÇ≤Ï Éèí∂+¨}Ï ^ŒO¢ëÈì„QÆ =¢HÍÎ „QÆã≤`åÇ≤Ï`å `«fiÜ«∂ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å â◊OHõ~°`Õ[¿ãi`å II =¸Å=∞O„`« :– FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ =∞=∞~°HõΔ ~°HõΔ=∞=∞ â◊„`«∂<£ ÉèíHõΔÉèíHõΔ FO ™êfiǨ II 25 JHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞. „Ѩ`«ºOy~å„áê}„Ѩu+¨ª FO PO „Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO ÅO HõΔO ÇπÏ™œO ǨÏOã¨ó N „Ѩ`«ºOy~åÜ«∂ó „áê}Ï WǨτáê}Ïó FO PO„Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO HõΔO ÇπÏ ™œO N „Ѩ`«ºOy~åÜ«∂ó r= WǨÏã≤÷`«ó II FO PO „Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO à◊O HõΔO ÇπÏ ã¨ó 㨈~fiO„kÜ«∂}˜ WǨÏã≤÷`åx FO PO „Ç‘ÏO „HÀO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O â◊O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO ÅO HõΔO ÇπÏ ™œO ǨÏO ã¨ó– "åOQƇ#ã¨ÎfiH± K«‰õΔΩó „â’„`«„Ѷ¨∂} „áê}Ï WǨQÆ`«º ã¨∞YO z~°O u+¨ªO`«∞ ™êfiǨ II Jx „áê}„Ѩu+¨ªKÕã≤ |∞∞ëêºk <åºã¨=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞Ǩ=∞O„`«ã¨º =∞ǨÉèˇ·~°=|∞∞+≤óII J#∞+¨μìÑπ Kè«O^ŒóII N =∞¢`«Ê`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åII SO c[O–„Ç‘ÏO â◊H˜Îó– ™êfiǨ H©ÅHõOII Éè’QÍѨ=~°æ ã≤^Œúºˆ~ú [<Õ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II Éèˇ·~°= |∞∞+¨ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó– t~°ã≤ J#∞+¨μªÑπ Kè«O^Œ¿ã #=∞ó– =ÚMË N =∞¢`«Ê`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó– ǨÏ$k „Ç‘ÏO c*ÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó QÆ∞¿ÇϺ 9 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 10. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü NO â◊HõÎÜÕ∞ #=∞ó– áê^ŒÜ≥∂ó ™êfiǨ H©ÅHÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó– <åÉè∫ =∞=∞ N ^èŒ~å‡~°ú HÍ=∞"≥∂HΔ͈~ú [¿ÑqxÜ≥∂QÆó SO #=∞ó–<åÉèϺk áê^•O`«O „Ç‘Ï #=∞ó–HõO~îåk <åÉèϺO`«O NO #=∞ó–=¸~åúk HõO~îåO`«O SO #=∞ó–"å=∞áê}˜`«ÖË, „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó ^ŒH˜Δ} áê}˜`«ÖË. NO #=∞ó LÉèíÜ≥∂ó, FO SO JOQÆ∞ëêªÉèϺO FO „Ç‘ÏO `«~°˚hÉèϺO #=∞ó, FO NO =∞^䌺=∂ÉèϺO #=∞ó, „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ J<åq∞HÍÉèϺO #=∞ó, =∞=∞ ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ Hõx+≤ìHÍÉèϺO #=∞ó, =∞=∞â◊„`«∂<£ ÉèíHõΔÉèíHõΔ FO ™êfiǨ Hõ~°`«Å Hõ~°Ñ¨$ëêìÉèϺO #=∞ó FO SO ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂Ü«∞ #=∞óII „Ç‘ÏO t~°¿ã ™êfiǨ FO tMÏÜ≥ÿ∞ =+¨òII „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ Hõ=KåÜ«∞ ǨïOII =∞=∞ ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ <Õ„`«„`«Ü«∂Ü«∞ "Ò+¨òI =∞=∞â◊„`«∂<£II ÉèíHõΔÉèíHõΔ FO ™êfiǨ J¢™êÎÜ«∞ Ѷ¨ò II =∂`«$HÍ<åºã¨O FO J㨺N JO`«~å‡`«$HÍ<åºã¨ã¨º „|Ǩ‡|∞∞+≤ó QÍÜ«∞„f Kè«O^Œó– N=∂`«$HÍ ã¨~°ã¨fif ^Õ=`å ǨÏÖ’ c*Ïx–ã¨fi~åó J=ºHõÎO H©ÅHõO– =∞=∞ N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`Õfi# <庿ã qxÜ≥∂QÆó– Jx JO[e Ѷ¨∞˜Oz 㨇~°}`À <åºã¨=Ú KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. „|Ǩ‡ |∞∞+¨ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó–t~°ã≤, QÍÜ«∞„f Kè«O^Œ¿ã #=∞ó =ÚMË– N JO`«~å‡`«$HÍ ^Õ=`åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜÕ∞–ǨÏÖ’ c*ËÉè’º #=∞ó QÆ∞¿ÇϺ–ã¨fi~åó â◊H˜ÎÉè’º #=∞ó áê^ŒÜ≥∂ó– J=ºHõÎO H©ÅHÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó <åÉè∫–=∞=∞ N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`Õfi# <庿ã qxÜ≥∂QÆó Wu ã¨~åfiOˆQII 10
  • 11. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO JO HõO YO QÆO Ѷ¨∞O VO PO JOQÆ∞ëêªÉèϺO #=∞ó– FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO WO K«O Kè«O [O ~°≠O WO DO t~°¿ã™êfiǨ– FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO LO @O ~î°O _»O _è»O}O TO tMÏÜ≥ÿ∞ =+¨ò– FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO UO `«O ^äŒO ^ŒO ^èŒO #O SO Hõ=KåÜ«∞ ǨïO FO SO„Ç‘ÏO NO FO ѨO Ѷ¨O |O ÉèíO =∞O BO <Õ„`«„`«Ü«∂Ü«∞ "Ò+¨ò FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO JO Ü«∞O ~°O ÅO =O O +¨O ã¨O ǨÏO ÅO HõΔO Jó J¢™êÎÜ«∞ Ѷ¨ò– JO #=∞ó–#∞Oz Jó#=∞ó =~°‰õΩ–HõOˆ~î ëÈ_»â◊^Œàı, HõO#=∞ó –YO#=∞ó QÆO #=∞ó Ѷ¨∞O #=∞ó–VO#=∞ó K«O #=∞ó–Kè«O#=∞ó–[O#=∞ó –~°≠O #=∞ó &O #=∞ó @O#=∞ó ~î°O#=∞ó W`«º<åǨÏ`Õ ^•fi^Œâ◊^Œàı–_»O #=∞ó –}O ##∞ó–`«O #=∞ó–^èŒO #=∞ó ^ŒO #=∞ó–^èŒO #=∞ó– #O#=∞ó – Ñ¶¨O#=∞ó Ѷ¨O#=∞ó Wu <åÉè∫ ^Œâ◊^Œàı–|O#=∞ó ÉèíO#=∞ó =∞O#=∞ó Ü«∞O #=∞ó ~°O#=∞ó ÅO #=∞ó–Wu eOQÆ=¸ÖË +¨ò^ŒÖË–=O #=∞ó â◊O#=∞ó +¨O #=∞ó ã¨O#=∞ó Wu =¸ÖÏ^蕈~ K«`«∞~°ÌÖ˖ǨÏO #=∞ó HõΔO #=∞ó Wu „Éèí∂=∞^èÕº kfi^Œàı. FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO JO #=∞ó–t~°ã≤ PO#=∞ó=ÚY=$`ÕΖ WO#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ<Õ„`Õ–DO #=∞ó "å=∞<Õ„`Õ–LO#=∞ó 11 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 12. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü "å=∞Hõˆ~‚– |∞∞O#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ<å¿ã |∞∂O#=∞ó"å=∞"å¿ã ÅO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔQÆO_Õ ÖÏO#=∞ó "å=∞QÆO_Õ UO#=∞ó T~ÀÌ¿+ª– SO#=∞ó J^èŒ~À¿+ì–FO #=∞ó T~°úfi^ŒO`«Ñ¨OH“ΖJOó#=∞ó =¸i÷fl Jó #=∞ó Jã≤≈fl HõO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔÉÏǨï=¸ÖË YO#=∞ó ‰õÄ~°Êˆ~ QÆO#=∞ó =∞}˜|O^äՖѶ¨∞O #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔǨϙêÎOQÆ∞e =ÚÖË&O #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔǨϙêÎO QÆ∞ź„ˆQ– K«O#=∞ó "å=∞ÉÏǨï=¸ÖË–&O#=∞ó "å=∞ǨϙêÎOQÆ∞e=¸ÖË &O #=∞ó "å=∞ÉÏǨï=¸ÖË – &O#=∞ó "å=∞ǨϙêÎOQÆ∞e=¸ÖË &O #=∞ó "å=∞ǨϙêÎO QÆ∞ź„ˆQ @O #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔáê^Œ=¸ÖË–~î°O#=∞ó 12
  • 13. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü *Ï#∞x– _»O #=∞ó QÆ∞ÖËÊù–_è»O #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔáê^•OQÆ∞e =¸ÖË–}O #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔáê^•O QÆ∞ź„ˆQ–`«O#=∞ó QÆ∞ź„ˆQ–`«O #=∞ó "å=∞áê^Œ=¸ÖË– ^èŒO#=∞ó *Ï#∞x¢^ŒO#=∞ó QÆ∞ÖËÊù–^èŒO #=∞ó "å=∞áê^•OQÆ∞e =¸ÖË#O–#=∞ó L^Œˆ~ Ü«∞O `«fiQÍ`«‡<Õ #=∞ó "å=∂O¿ã ~°OJã¨$QÍ`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ^ŒHΔÍO¿ã–JO=∂O™ê`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k ^ŒHõΔHõ~åO`«O â◊O J™êκ`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞Hõ~åO`«O +¨O =∞*Ï˚`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞Hõ~åO`«O ã¨O â◊√HÍ¡`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞áê^•O`«O–ǨÏO „áê}Ï`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k "å=∞áê^•O`«O– à◊O r"å`«‡<Õ#=∞ó áê^•k ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂O`«O– HõΔѨ~°=∂`«‡<Õ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂k =¸~å÷O`«O. ѨOKå^Œâ◊^Œfi~°‚~°∂áêOK« HõѨ~°Ìâ◊â◊Éèí∂+¨}ÏO â◊√^Œúã¨Êù˜Hõ ã¨OHÍâßO â◊√^ŒúHΔ“=∞ q~ål`åO II =ÚHÍÎ~°`«fl ã¨∞Êù~°^Œ∂ƒùëêO [Ѩ=∂ÖÏO Hõ=∞O_»ÅO ѨÙã¨ÎHõO =~°^•#OK« a„ÉèífO Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fis"£∞ II 13 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 14. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü q^•º<åºã¨O SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ=∞}˜|O^èÕ– „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó `«ÖË–NO #=∞ó Hõˆ~–SO ã¨=∞ó "å=∞=∞}˜|O^èÕ–„Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó `«ÖË–NO #=∞óHõˆ~–SO#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔHõˆHΔ– „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ‰õÄ~°Êˆ~– NO #=∞ó áê}∫ – SO #=∞ó "å=∞HõˆHΔ–„Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó "å=∞‰õÄ~°Êˆ~ NO#=∞ó "å=∞áê}∫–SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔáê^ŒHõˆHΔ „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó *Ï#∞x NO#=∞ó áê^•„ˆQ–SO #=∞ó "å=∞áêK« HõˆHΔ º– „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó *Ï#∞x NO#=∞ó áê^•„ˆQ–SO#=∞ó eOˆQ „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó ǨÏ$k NO#=∞ó <å^•O`Õ II 14
  • 15. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü #=Ü≥∂x<åºã¨O SO#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔHõˆ~‚ „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó "å=∞‰õˆ~‚ NO#=∞ó z|∞ˆH SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔâ◊OMË „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó "å=∞â◊OMË NO#=∞ó =ÚMË SO#=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ<Õ„`Õ „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó "å=∞<Õ„`Õ NO#=∞ó ‰õΩHΔ“–SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔ*Ï#∞x „Ç‘ÏO #=∞ó "å=∞*Ï#∞x NO#=∞ó "å=∞*Ï#∞x NO==∞ <åÉè∫ SO #=∞ó ^ŒHõΔáê^Õ „Ç‘ÏO#=∞ó <å=∞áê^Õ NO #=∞ó "å=∞ *Ï#∞x NO#=∞ó HõOˆ~î II Ñ‘~î°<åºã¨O =¸Å^蕈~ P^è•~°â◊HõÎÜÕ∞ #=∞ó „ѨHõ$`≥º #=∞ó Hõ=∞~îåÜ«∞ #=∞ó– âıëêÜ«∞ #=∞ó Ѩ$kè"≥º #=∞ó ã¨∞^è•O |∞^茿ã #=∞ó– =∞}˜nfiáêÜ«∞ #=∞ó zO`å=∞}˜ QÆ$ǨÜ«∞ #=∞ó ~°`«fl "ÕkHÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó =∞}˜Ñ‘~îåÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó k‰õΔΩ <å<å=Úx QÆ}ËÉè’º #=∞ó ã¨=∞ã¨Î ^Õ"ÕÉè’º #=∞ó Ѩ^•‡Ü«∞#=∞ó „ѨHõ$u=∞Ü«∞ „Ѩ`«ºÜÕ∞Éè’º #=∞ó– qHõ$u=∞Ü«∞ ˆH㨈~Éè’º #=∞ó ѨOKåâ◊`ü 15 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 16. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü c[Éèí∂+≤`« Hõi‚HÍÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó ǨϙœO ã¨^•t= =∞Ǩ„¿Ñ`åã¨<åÜ≥ÿ∞ #=∞ó „|Ǩχq+¨μ‚ ~°∞„^Õâ◊fi~° ã¨^•t= =∞Ǩ„¿Ñ`« =∞Ǩ Ѩ^•‡ã¨<åÜ«∞ #=∞ó Ѩ~°=∞ t=Ѩ~°ºOHÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞=∞O^Œ∞ `å<Õ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^ÕqQÍ ^蕺xOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. T~°úfi HõáêÅO _»=∞~°∞O „uâ◊¥ÅO ã¨Oa„Éèíf |^Œú HõàÏ=`«Oã¨O I Ñ≤OQÀ~°úfi ˆHj ã≤`«cè=∞^ŒO¢ëêì Éèí∂Ü«∂ kfiÉèí∂`≥º=∞=∞ Éèí„^ŒHÍo II „Ѩ`«ºOy~°#∞ =∂#™ÈѨKå~°=ÚÅ`À P~åkèOz Ü«∞^è•â◊H˜Î [ѨǨϟ=∞=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. P=~°}Ï~°Û# `«∂~°∞Ê# WO„^Œ N áê^Œ∞HÍ Ñ¨Ó[Ü«∂q∞ ##∞ó PˆQflÜ«∂O Jyfl Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ ##∞ó ^ŒH˜Δ}Ë Ü«∞=∞N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó– <≥·|∞∞`åºOx|∞∞u Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó ѨtÛ"Õ∞– =~°∞} N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó "åÜ«Ú"Õº "åÜ«ÚN áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó L`«Îˆ~ ‰õΩÉË~°Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó Dâß<Õº–Dâß# N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó WO„^Œ–Dâß#ºÜ≥∂~°‡^èÕº „|ǨχN áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó =~°∞} ~åHõΔã¨Ü≥∂~°‡^èÕº q+¨μ‚ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó, Wu ѨÓ*ÏÜÕ∞`ü, `«~°ÊÜÕ∞`ü II PÜ«Ú^èŒÑ¨Ó[–`«∂~°∞Ê "≥Ú^ŒÅ∞ =„[N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó 16
  • 17. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü â◊H˜Î N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ^ŒO_»Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó áêâ◊N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ^èŒfi[Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó QÆ^•Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó „uâ◊¥Å N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó II „u=$`ÕÎ HÍÖÏ#O^Œ<å^èŒ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Ѩ~°=∞QÆ∞~°∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Ѩ~°=∂Kå~°º Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Ѩ~°"Õ∞+≤ª Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó k"Òº+¨μ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ã≤^Òú+¨μ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó =∂#"Ò+¨μ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ã¨fiQÆ∞~°∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó J+¨ì^ŒÖË+¨μ `«∂~°∞Ê#∞Oz JO Jã≤`åOQÆ Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII PO „ÉÏǑχ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó– WO ~°∞~°∞Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó DO =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fii N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó 17 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 18. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü LO K«O_»Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó TO H“=∂s N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII |∞∞O „HÀ^èŒÉèˇ·= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII |∞∂O "≥·+¨‚g N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ÅO L#‡`«ÎÉèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ÅO L#‡`«ÎÉèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ÖÏO "å~åÇ‘Ï N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó UO HõáêeÉèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó SO =∞¿ÇÏO„n NN áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII FO cè+¨}Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó BO Kå=Ú_® N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óII JOã¨OǨ~° Éèˇ·~°= N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Jó <å~°~°ã≤OÇ¨Ï N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó „QÆOkè™êú<Õ+¨μ ѨtÛ=∞O #∞Oz – HÍ=∞~°∂Ѩ Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó =∞ÅÜ«∞yiÑ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Ö’ÖÏixÑ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó HÍÖÏO`«~°Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó KÀǨϟ~°Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó *ÏÅO^èŒ~°Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó L_ô¤Ü«∂#Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ^Õ=‰õÄ@Ñ‘~î° Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó 18
  • 19. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü =$`«Î=∞O_»ÖË Ñ¨tÛ=∞O #∞Oz – T~°úfi=∞^èŒâ◊Û ¿ÇÏ~°∞Hõ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó ÉèË`åà◊ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó „uѨÙ~åO`«Hõ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó JyfllǨfi Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó HÍÖÏO`«Hõ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Hõáêe Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó UHõáê^Œ Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó cè=∞ ~°∂ѨÉèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó T~°úfiO–=∞ÅÜ«∞Éè̌·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó J^äŒó–Ǩ@ ˆHâ◊fi~° Éèˇ·~°= Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó J+¨ìÜ≥∂Ѩx+¨μ FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO ã¨ÎOaèh Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO HΔÀaè}˜ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO „^•q}© Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO „ÉèÏq∞}˜ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó FO SO „Ç‘ÏO ~“„k}˜ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó FO SO „Ç‘ÏO ã¨OǨi}˜ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó PˆQflÜÕ∞–FO SO „Ç‘ÏO NO ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Dâß<Õº FO SO „Ç‘ÏO t~°ó NO ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó <≥·|∞∞`åºO tMÏNáê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó "åÜ«∞"Õº FO SO „Ç‘ÏO t~°ó ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó 19 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 20. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü =∞^äÕº FO SO „Ç‘ÏO <Õ„`« Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó k‰õΔΩ FO SO „Ç‘ÏO JG Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó „uHÀ}Ë PˆQflÜÕ∞–FO SO „Ç‘ÏO JG Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó Dâß<Õº–FO SO „Ç‘ÏO JG Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó aO^Ò =¸Å =ÚKåÛ~°º–NÉèˇ·~°= ã¨Ç≤Ï`åO N=∞`ü N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å Ѩ~å"å=∞áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞ó K«`«∞~°„¿ã ѨtÛ"Õ∞ – ÉÏO|@∞HõO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ #=∞ó L`«Îˆ~ – Ü«∂O Ü≥∂yhÉè’º #=∞ó Ѩӈ~fi – HΔÍO ˆHΔ„`«áêÖÏÜ«∞ #=∞ó ^ŒH˜Δ}Ë – QÆO QÆ}Ѩ`«ÜÕ∞ #=∞ó "åÜ«∞"Õº – =ã¨∞^è•Éè’º #=∞ó Dâß<Õº – ^•fi^Œâßk`ÕºÉè’º #=∞ó PˆQflÜÕ∞ – UHÍ^Œâ◊ ~°∞„^ÕÉè’º #=∞ó <≥·|∞∞`åºO – 㨈~fiÉè’º Éèí∂`ÕÉè’º #=∞ó ^Õqã¨q∂¿Ñ ^ŒHõΔǨϿãÎ Jã≤N áê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[ ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óI K«~°‡Náê^Œ∞HÍO ѨÓ[Ü«∂q∞ `«~°ÊÜ«∂q∞ #=∞óI aO^Ò– =¸Å=∞O„`Õ} ^ÕgO ã¨OѨÓ[º. ã¨O`«~°Êº, =Ú„^•Oó „Ѩ^Œ~°≈º, =Ú„^•ó „Ѩ^Œ~°≈º, ѨÙëêÊO[e „`«ÜÕ∞} =∞#ã¨∞º~åº`ü II 20
  • 21. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ÃÇ˙=∞O JyflÜ«∞O^Œ∞–ÖË^• [Å=∞O^Œ∞ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å K«„HõO ÉèÏqOz– „áê}ÏÜ«∞™êfiǨ–Jáê<åÜ«∞ ™êfiǨ–"åº<åÜ«∞™êfiǨ–L^•<åÜ«∞ ™êfiǨ–ã¨=∂<åÜ«∞ ™êfiǨI Jx PǨï`«∞ezÛ, =¸Å=∞O„`«=Ú`À Ǩϟ=∞=Ú KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞, ã¨fiǨÏ$k qã¨$[º – Dâß<Õ =∞O_»ÅO Hõ$`åfi– ÉÏO|@∞HÍÜ«∞ #=∞ó U¿ÇϺÇ≤Ï ^ÕgѨل`« |@∞Hõ<å^èŒ HõÑ≤Å [ÏÉèÏ~° ÉèÏã¨fi~° „u<Õ„`« *ÏfiÖÏ=ÚY ã¨~°fiqѶ¨∂fl<£ <åâ◊Ü«∞ <åâ◊Ü«∞ ã¨~ÀfiѨKå~° ã¨Ç≤Ï`«O |eOQÆ$Ǩς™êfiǨ – PˆQflÜ«∂O– Ü≥∂yhÉè’º #=∞ó T~°úfiO „|Ǩ‡O_»`À"å kqQÆQÆ#`«ÖË Éèí∂`«ÖË x+¨¯ÖË"å áê`åàı "å`«ÖË"å Ѩ=#ã¨eÅÜ≥∂ Ü«∞„`« ‰õΩ„`«ã≤ú`À"åII ˆHΔ„`Õ Ñ‘~îÀÑ‘~îåk+¨μK« Hõ$`«Ñ¨^• ^èŒ∂ѨnáêkˆH# „Ñ‘`å^Õ=ºó ã¨^•#ó â◊√Éèí |eqkè<åáê`«∞ gˆ~O„^Œ =O^•ºII Ü«∂O Ü≥∂yhÉè’º #=∞ó ™êfiǨII ã¨~°fiÜ≥∂yh„Ç‘ÏO Ѷ¨ò™êfiǨ–Wu Ü≥∂yh |eII <≥·|∞∞`åºO–HΔÍOH©ΔO ‰õΔÄO ÔHΔÂO HΔ“O HõΔó ˆHΔ„`« áêÅ Ju|eã¨Ç≤Ï`«O |eO QÆ$ǨςQÆ$Ǩς ™êfiǨ II "åÜ«∞"Õº–QÍO wO QÆ∂O QÆ}Ѩ`«ÜÕ∞ =~°=~°^Œ ã¨~°fi[#O"Õ∞ =â◊=∂#Ü«∞ |eO QÆ$ǨςQÆ$Ǩς ™êfiǨ II Wu |eO ã¨=∞~°Êº–KèåQÍk |e=∞Ñ≤^Œ`åfi, QÆ∞~°∞ ^Õ"Òº ^蕺ܫ∞<£ Ü«∞^è•â◊H˜Î [ѨOHõ$`åfi QÆ∞ǨºuQÆ∞ǨϺ QÀ¢Ñ‘Î`«fiO QÆ$Ǩ}Ï㨇`«¯ $`«O [ѨO II ã≤k÷~°ƒù=`«∞ "Õ∞kq N=∞¢`«Ê`«ºOyˆ~ t"Õ II 21 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 22. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü Wu `Õ*’=∞Ü«∞O [ѨѶ¨ÅO ^Õg "å=∞ǨϿãÎã¨=∞~°Êº Hõ=K«–ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ Ѩiî`åfi ™êëêìOQÆO „Ѩ}˜Ñ¨`«º, „Ѩ^Œ H˜Δ}©Hõ$`«º, âßOuO Ѩiî`åfi–Dâß<Õº x~åºÖ˺# x~å‡Åº"åã≤<≥º #=∞ó Wu ã¨OѨÓ[º *Ï„QÆ`ü ã¨fiѨflã¨∞+¨μѨκ=™ê÷ã¨∞ =∞#™ê"åKå Ѩ^•ƒùºO L^Œˆ~} tâßfl„áê}^ÕÇ¨Ï ^èŒ~å‡k HÍ~°}`À Ü«ÚHõÎO, Ü«∞`ü Hõ$`«O `«`«û~°fiO=∞nÜ«∞O N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å K«~°}Ë ã¨=∞~°Ê}=∞ã¨∞Î FO `«`ü ã¨`ü I Wu ã¨=∞~°Êº ã¨∞YO qǨψ~`ü II „Ѩ`«ºOy~åHõ=K«O J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å Hõ=K«=∞O„`«ã¨º t"À|∞∞+≤ó II q~åò Kè«O^ŒóII Ѩ~åâ◊H˜Î [QÆ^•ú„f „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`å ^èŒ~å‡~°ú HÍ=∞"≥∂ˆHΔ+¨μ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II „Ѩ}=O"Õ∞ t~°óáê`«∞ "åQƃù=OK« ÅÖÏ@HõO „Ç‘ÏOáê`«∞ ^ŒHõΔ<Õ„`«O"Õ∞ ÅH©Δ ‡~åfi=∞O ã¨∞ˆ~â◊fis I „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^ŒHõΔHõ~°‚O "å"Õ∞HÍ"Õ∞â◊fis `«^è• ÅH˜;„áê}O ã¨^•áê`«∞ |O^èŒ#Oáê`«∞ ˆHâ◊=óI Q“s`«∞ ~°ã¨<åOáê`«∞ HõO~î°Oáê`«∞ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°ó 㨯O^èŒ^Õâ◊O ~°uóáê`«∞ Éèí∞*∫`«∞ =∞Hõ~°^èŒfi[ó II â◊OYO xkèHõ~°óáê`«∞ =HõΔóѨ^Œ‡xkè ã¨Î^è• „ÉÏǑχ =∞^茺O ã¨^•áê`«∞ <åaèOáê`«∞ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis II H“=∂s Ѩ$+¨ª^Õâ◊O`«∞ QÆ∞ǨϺO ~°HõΔ`«∞ "≥·+¨‚g "å~åÇ‘ÏK« Hõ˜Oáê`«∞ K≥·O„náê`«∞ Ѩ^Œ^ŒfiÜ«∞O I ÉèÏ~åºO~°HõΔ`«∞ Kå=ÚO_® ÅH©;~°HõΔ`«∞ Ѩل`«HÍ<£ WO„^Œó Ѩӈ~fiã¨^•áê`«∞ <≥·|∞∞`åº x|∞∞u ã¨Î^è• Ü«∂"Õ∞º Ü«∞=∞óã¨^•áê`«∞ <≥· |∞∞`åº x|∞∞u ã¨Î^è• Ñ¨tÛ"Õ∞ =~°∞}óáê`«∞ "åÜ«∞"åºO "åÜ«Ú^Õ=`å II ™œ=∂ºO ™È=∞óã¨^•áê`«∞ K≥·âß<Õº Dâ◊fiˆ~ qÉèí∞ó 22
  • 23. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü T~°úfiO „Ѩ*ÏѨuóáê`«∞ ǨϺ^èŒâßÛ#O`« ^Õ=`åII ~å[^•fiˆ~ â◊‡âß<ÕK« J~°}˺ „áêO`«ˆ~ `«^è• [ÖËã¨÷ÖË KåO`«iˆHΔ â◊„`«∂}ÏO x=¿ÇÏ `«^è• II U`åaèã¨ûÇ≤Ï`å^Õg K«`«∞sƒ*Ï =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞Ǩâ◊H˜Îó ã¨~°fi„`«=∂O ã¨^•=`«∞ I Wu`Õ Hõkè`«O ^Õq ™ê~å`åû~°O Ѩ~å`«Ê~°O ã¨~åfi~°ú ™ê^èŒ#O <å=∞Hõ=K«O Ѩ~°=∂^Œ∞ƒù`«O II J™êºÑ≤ Ѩ~î°<å`«û^Œºó ‰õΩÉË~ÀÑ≤ ^èŒ<Õâ◊fi~°ó WO„^•^•ºó ã¨HõÖÏ^Õ"åó ^èŒ~°}Ï`«Ê~î°<å^Œº`«ó II 8 ^Àã≤à◊§`À ѨÙëêÊO[e ã¨=∞iÊOz, =¸Å =∞O„`«=Ú [Ñ≤Oz, Hõ=K«OѨiîOz 1 ã¨O=`«û~°=Ú „Ѩ`«ºOy~°#∞ JiÛOz#KÀ ^èŒ#ÖÏÉèíO HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. `«Åz#Ѩ#∞Å∞ <≥~°"Õ~°∞#∞ Hõ=K«^è•~°} ѨÙ~°∞+¨μÅ∞ ‰õΩ_çÉèí∞[=Ú#‰õΩ, ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ Z_»=∞ Éèí∞[=Ú#‰õΩ ^èŒiOKåe. ¢ã‘ÎÅ∞ ™œÉèÏQƺ=Ú#∞, Ѩل`«ã¨O`«ux á⁄O^≥^Œ~°∞. Hõ=K«Ñ¨~î°#=Ú KÕÜ«∞x^Õ. [Ѩ=Ú KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. „Ѩ`«ºOy~åã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O J㨺 N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞™È΄`« =∞O„`«ã¨º Éèˇ·~°= |∞∞+≤óI J#∞+¨μìÑπ K«O^Œó II „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`åII „Ç‘ÏOc[O– Nâ◊H˜Îó– ™êfiǨH©ÅHõOI ã¨~°fiã¨OѨ`ü „áêѨÎÜÕ∞ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II ^蕺#O: PâßO|~å =ÚHõÎHõKå Ѷ¨∞#K«Ûùqó ^èպܫ∂ ã¨K«~å‡ã≤Hõ~å qÉèí∂+≤}Ï II ^ŒO¢ëÈì„QÆ =HÍ΄QÆã≤`å Ç≤Ï`«`«fiÜ«∂ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å â◊OHõ~° `Õ[¿ãi`å II ^Õg „Ѩ`«ºOy~å¿ã"åº t~°™ê â◊tâıY~å ã¨=∞=∂™ê ^èŒ~°‡}©K« ã¨=∞ã¨Î ã¨∞~°N=Úd II 23 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 24. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ã¨~°fiã¨OѨuÎ [#h ã¨=∞^• ã≤O^èŒ∞¿ãqh â◊√OÉèí ã≤=∞Ouh ™È=∂~å^蕺 K«=ã¨∞^è•~°™ê I ~°™ê~°ã¨=f "ÕàÏ =<åºK« =#=∂eh =#*ÏH˜Δ =#K«s =h=# q<Àkx II "Õyh "ÕQÆ^•"Õâ◊ |Å™ê~å [ÖÏkèHÍ HõàÏHõàÏ„Ñ≤Ü«∂ H“mHÀ=∞ÖÏHÍÅ HÍq∞h II Hõ=∞ÖÏ Hõ=∞ÖÏ™êºK« HõÅ™êº Hõ=∞ÖÏ=f ‰õΩb<å ‰õΩ˜ÖÏHÍO`å HÀH˜ÖωõΩÅ ÉèÏ+≤}˜II H©~°ˆHeó HõàÏHÍm Hõáêe#ºÑ≤ HÍoHÍ ˆHth K«‰õΩâß=~åÎ H“âßOc ˆHâ◊=„Ñ≤Ü«∂ II HÍj HÍâßѨǨ HÍOj â◊OHÍâß ˆHâ◊^•~Úh ‰õΩO_»b ‰õΩO_»b™êúK« ‰õΩO_»ÖÏOQÆ^Œ =∞O_ç`å II ‰õΩâßáêj ‰õΩ=Ú^Œ∞h ‰õΩ=Ú^Œ „Ñ‘u=~°úh ‰õΩO^Œ„Ñ≤Ü«∂ ‰õΩO^Œ~°∞zó ‰õΩ~°OQÆ =∞^Œ=∂kh I ‰õΩ~°OQÆ #Ü«∞<å ‰õΩO^• ‰õΩ~°∞=$O^•aè #Okh ‰õΩã¨∞OÉèí ‰õΩã¨∞=∂ H˜Oz`ü Hõfi}u¯OH˜}˜HÍ Hõ@∞ó II Hõ~îÀ~å Hõ~°}ÏHõO~îå H“=Ún HõO|∞HõOiîh HõѨiÌh HõѨ˜h Hõiîh HÍÅHõOiîHÍ II ‰õΩã¨∞=∂¢™êÎ ‰õΩ=∂sK« ‰õΩ~°∞O^• ‰õΩã¨∞=∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂ ‰õΩO[~°™êú ‰õΩO[~°`å ‰õΩOaè‰õΩOÉèí ã¨Î#^ŒfiÜ«∂ II ‰õΩOÉèíQÍ Hõ~°Éè’~°∞â◊Û Hõ^Œm ^Œà◊âß~Úx ‰õΩÑ≤`å HÀ~°Hõ™ê÷ HõOHÍm ^ŒOÉèíâı^Œ~å II UHÍO`« "åã≤h H˜Oz`«¯O Ѩ=∂# t~À~°∞Ǩ HÍ^ŒO|s Hõ^ŒO|™ê÷ HõOHÍm ^ŒOÉèíâı~å II 24
  • 25. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ‰õΩ@∞Oah „Ñ≤Ü«∂Ü«ÚHÍÎ „Hõ`«∞ó„Hõ`«∞Hõs„H˜Ü«∂ HÍ`åº~Úh Hõ$uÎHÍK« HÍiΈHÜ«∞ „Ѩ=iÎh II HÍ=∞Ѩffl HÍ=∞^è•„f HÍ"Õ∞j HÍ=∞=Ok`å HÍ=∞~°∂áê HÍ=∞QÆuó HÍ=∂H©Δ HÍ=∞"≥∂Ç≤Ï`åII Y_çæh MËK«s YO*Ï YO[s >ËHõΔ}Ï YÖÏ Y~°QÍ Y~°<å™êK« Y~å™êº MËÅ#„Ñ≤Ü≥∂ II Y~åOâ◊√ó M˘hYÏfi Y~°YÏfiOQÆ ^è•i}˜ YÅYO_çx qMϺuó YO_ç`å YO_»gã≤÷~å II YO_»„Ñ≤Ü«∂ YO_»MÏ^•º¿ãO^Œ∞ YO_®OK« YO_çh QÆOQÍ QÀ^•=sQ“s Q“=∞`åºÑ≤K« QÀ`«q∂ II QÆÜ«∂Q“ sK«QÆQÆ<å QÍ~°∞_ô QÆ~°∞_»^èŒfi*Ï w`åw`« „Ñ≤Ü«∂QÀ„`« QÀ„`«HõΔÜ«∞Hõs QÆ^• II yiÉèí∂áêÅ ^Œ∞Ç≤Ï`å QÀQÍQÀ‰õΩÅ =iúh Ѷ¨∞#ã¨Îh Ѷ¨∞#~°∞z Ѷ¨∞<À~°∞ Ѷ¨∞#xóã¨fi<å II Ѷ¨∞`å¯i}˜ Ѷ¨∂`«Hõs Ѷ¨∞Ѷ¨¸Hõ Ѩi"åi`å Ѷ¨∞OÏ<å^Œ„Ñ≤Ü«∂ Ѷ¨∞OÏѶ¨∞<å Ѷ¨∞’@Hõ"åÇ≤Ïh Ѷ¨∞Á~°~°∂áêK« Ѷ¨∞’~åK« Ѷ¨∞h„Ñ‘u~°…<åO[h Ѷ¨∞$`åp Ѷ¨∞#=Ú+≤ìâ◊Û Ñ¶¨∞ÏѶ¨∞OÏ Ñ¶¨∞Ï=∞$`å II Ѷ¨∞Ï™êº Ñ¶¨∞@<å^≥ºâ◊Û Ñ¶¨∂`«áê`« x"åi}˜ K«OK«sHÍ K«HÀsK« Kå=Ú_® p~°^è•i}© II Kå`«∞s K«Ñ¨ÖÏKå~°∞â◊ÛÖÏ KÕÖÏK«ÖÏK«ÖÏ K«`«∞tÛ~°O`« <åKå~å KèåÜ«∂Kåq∂ Hõ~°K«Ûùqó II KåÑ≤h K«Ñ¨ÖÏ K«OѨÓtÛO`å zO`å=∞}˜tÛ`å K«`«∞~°fi~°‚=∞~¸ K«OK«KÕÛ~å KåѨK«=∞`«¯ $uó II 25 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 26. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü K«„Hõ=iÎ =^èŒ∂â◊Û„HÍ K«„HÍOQÍ K«„Hõ"≥∂kh KÕ`«â◊Ûs z`«Î=$uÎ ~°KÕ`å KÕ`«#„Ѩ^• I Kå`«∞s K«OѨHõ „Ñ‘uâ◊ÛO_ô K«O_®Å"åã≤h z~°Orq `«^•z`åÎ `«~°∞=¸Å x"åã≤h II Kè«iHÍ K«„`«=∞^䌺™êú zè„^•KèÕ^Œ Hõszè^• Kè«∞K«∞ÛùO^Œs Ѩńáêu K«∞ÛùO^ŒH© ÉèíxÉèíã¨fi<å II Kè«eh Kè«Å=zÛù<åfl zè˜HÍ KèÕHõHõ$`«Î^è• Kè«k‡h KèåO^Œã‘KèåÜ«∂ KèåÜ«∂Hõ$¢KåÛùk ~°`«ºÑ≤ I [Ü«∂K« [Ü«∞^• *Ïu[$Oaèh *Ï=∞ÖÏÜ«Ú`å [Ü«∂ ѨÙ+¨Ê„Ñ≤Ü«∂ *ÏÜ«∂*ÏѨº *ÏѨº [QÆ[˚xó I [O|∂„Ñ≤Ü«∂ [Ü«∞™êúK« [OQÆ=∂ [OQÆ=∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂ [O`«∞[O`«∞ „Ѩ^è•<åK« [QÆ`«¯~å‚ [~°^Œæ"å II *Ïf„Ñ≤Ü«∂ r=#™êú r=¸`« ã¨^Œ$â◊K«Ûùqó [<åº[# Ç≤Ï`å*ÏÜ«∂ [OÉèí[OaèÅ âßeh II [=^• [==^•fiǨ [=∂h [fi~°Ç¨ [fis ~°≠O~°≠Ï hÅ=∞~¸ ~°≠O~°≠Ï~°≠} `å¯~°Hõ~åK«ÖÏ s≠O©âß ~°≠㨺Hõ$`ü ~°≠OáêÜ«∞=∞„`å㨠x"åã¨h @OHÍ~°™ê÷ @OHõ^èŒ~å @OHÍ~å HÍ~°}Ï@g II ~î°‰õΩ~åsî Hõ$uâ‹ÂÛ= iîOsî~° =ã¨<å=$`å ~î°O~îå hÅ=∞~¸ ~î°O~îå ~î°}`å¯~° Hõ~å~î°™ê II _®H˜h _®=∞~åK≥·= _çO_ç=∞^èŒfix <åkh _è»Hͯ„Ñ≤Ü«∞ ã¨fi<å_è»Hͯ `«Ñ≤h`åÑ≤h`«^ä• II `«~°∞}© `«∞OkÖÏ`«∞O^• `å=∞ã‘K« `«Ñ¨ó„Ñ≤Ü«∂ `å„=∂ `å„=∂O|~å `åm `åm ^Œà◊xÉèí∂+≤}˜ I 26
  • 27. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `«∞~°OQÍ `«fii`å`À`å `À`«ÖÏ `åkh`«∞ÖÏ `åѨ„`«Ü«∞ ǨÏ~°`å~å `åà◊ˆHj `«=∂eh II ~å=∞ã‘K« uq∞„™êK« f„"åf„= Ѩ~å„Hõ=∂ II `«@™êúuÅ `≥·ÖÏHÍÎ`åi}© `«Ñ¨#^Œ∞ºuó uÖ’`«Î=∂ uÅHõHõ$`åÎ~°HÍ ^Õâ◊âıY~å II uÅѨÙ+¨Ê „Ñ≤Ü«∂`å~å `å~°ˆHâ◊ ‰õΩ@∞Oah ™êú}∞Ѩffl ã≤ú`«Hõs Ѷ¨Å™ê÷ ã¨úÅ=iúh II ã≤úuÃãÂú~åº ã¨úqëêªK« ã¨úѨuó ã¨∂úÅ q„QÆǨ ^ŒOuh ^ŒO_çhn<å ^Œi„^• n#=`«ûÖÏ ñ ^Õg^Õ= =^èŒ∂^≥·`«º ^Œq∞h ^ŒO`«Éèí∂+¨}Ï ^ŒÜ«∂=f ^Œ=∞=f ^Œ=∞^è•^• _ç=∞ã¨÷h ^ŒO^Œâ◊¥Hõ xÉèÏ^≥·`«º^•i}© ^Õ=`å#<å ^ÀÖÏ„H©_® ^ŒÖÏÜ«Úâ◊Û ^ŒOѨf ^Õ=`å=∞~¸ ^ŒâßnѨ ã≤÷`å^Àëê ^À+¨Ç¨ ^À+¨HÍi}© ^Œ∞~åæ^Œ∞~åæiÎ â◊=∞h ^Œ∞~°æ=∂ ^Œ∞~°æ"åã≤h ^Œ∞~°æO^èŒ <åth ^Œ∞ó™ê÷ ^Œ∞óã¨fiѨflâ◊=∞ HÍi}© ^Œ∞~åfi~å ^Œ~°Ç¨^•„f ^ŒÜ«∂^• ^Œ∞Ç≤Ï`å^Œâß ^èŒ∞~°O^èŒ~å ^èŒ∞s}ÏK« ^èÒˆ~~¸ ^èŒ#^•~Úx I nè~ånè~å ^èŒi„fK« ^èŒ~°‡^• nè~°=∂#<å ^èŒ#∞~°ú~åK« ^èŒq∞h^äŒ∂~åÎ ^èŒ∂~°Î Ѩi„QÆǨ II ^èŒ∂=∞=~å‚ ^èŒ∂=∞áê<å ^èŒ∂=∞ÖÏ ^èŒ∂=∞"≥∂kh #eh #Okh#O^• #Okh #O^ŒÉÏeHÍ II #g<å #~°‡^•#s‡ <Õq∞iflÜ«∞=∞ xâ◊ÛÜ«∂ x~°‡ÖÏ xQÆ=∂KåÖÏ, x=∞flQÍ, #yflHÍ xq∞ó 27 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 28. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü <åÖÏ x~°O`«~åxѶ‘∞fl x~À¡áê x~°∞æ}À#uó hÅ„w"å xsǨK« x~°O[# [h#g #=h`« „Ñ≤Ü«∂hs #~°HÍ~°‚= `åi}© <å~åÜ«∞}© x~åHÍ~å xѨÙ}Ï xѨÙ}„Ñ≤Ü«∂ xâßx„^• #ˆ~O„^Œ™ê÷ #q∞`å #q∞`åÑ≤K« x~°∞æO_çHÍ K« x~°∞æO_® x~å‡O™ê<åã≤HÍaè^è• II Ѩ`åH˜h Ѩ`åHÍK« Ѩńёu Ü«∞â◊ã≤fih Ñ‘<å Ñ‘# ã¨Î<åѨffl, Ѩ=<åâ◊# âß~Úh II Ѩ~åѨ~å HõàÏáêHÍ áêHõHõ$`«º ~°u„Ñ≤Ü«∂ Ѩ=#™ê÷ ã¨∞Ѩ=<å `åѨ㑠„Ñ‘u=~°úh II Ѩâ◊√=$kú HõsѨÙ+≤ìó áÈ+¨}© ѨÙ+≤ì=i÷h II ѨÙ+≤ì}© ѨÙã¨ÎHõHõ~å ѨÙ<åflQÆ `«Å"åã≤h II ѨÙ~°O^Œ~°„Ñ≤Ü«∂ „Ñ‘uó ѨÙ~°=∂~°æx"åã≤h ¿Ñâßáêâ◊Hõ~å áêâ◊|O^èŒÇ¨ áêOâ◊√ÖÏѨâ◊√ó I ѨÏѨÏâß Ñ¨~°â◊√^è•i}© HÍth`«^è• áêѨѶ‘∞fl ѨuѨfflK« Ѩu`å-Ѩu`åÑ≤ K« II Ñ≤âßp K« Ñ≤âßK«Ñ¶‘∞fl Ñ≤t`åâ◊# `À+≤`å áê#^• áê#áê„`åK« áê#^•# Hõ~À^Œº`å II ¿Ñëê„Ѩã≤kúó Ñ‘Ü«¸ëê ѨÓ~å‚ѨÓ~°‚=∞<À~°^è• Ñ¨`«^Œæ~åƒù Ѩ`«^•æ„`å áœ#ó ѨÙ#ºÑ≤, "å, ѨÙ~å II ѨOH˜ÖÏ Ñ¨OHõ=∞QÍflK« áêq∂ áêѨO[~°ã≤ú`å ѨOK«=∂ ѨOK«Ü«∂=∂K« ѨOK«`å ѨOK«=∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂ II ѨOK«=Ú„^• ѨÙO_»sHÍ Ñ≤OQÆàÏ Ñ≤OQÆÖ’K«<å „Ñ≤Ü«∞OQÆ∞=∞OVs Ñ≤O_çѨO_ç`å áêO_»∞~°„ѨÉèÏ II 28
  • 29. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü „¿Ñ`åã¨<å „Ñ≤Ü«∂à◊√™ê÷ áêO_»∞Ѷ≤∞fl Ñ≤`«™ê#Ǩ Ѷ¨eh Ѷ¨Å^•„fK« Ѷ¨ÅN Ѷ¨}˜Éèí∂+¨}Ï II ѨÓ`å¯~°HÍi}© ™êÊù~å Ѷ¨ÙšѨÙÖÏ¡O|∞ [ã¨<å Ѷ≤~°OQÆǨã‘Ê`«=∞uó ã≤Êùuó ã‘ÊùuHõs`«^è• II =#=∂Ü«∂ |ÖÏ~åu~°ƒeh |Å=iúh "Õ}∞"å^•º =#K«s gˆ~j [#~¸JÑ≤ II q^•ºq^•º„Ѩ^• q^•ºÉ’kèh "Õ^Œ^•~Úh |∞^èŒ=∂`åK« |∞^•úK« =#=∂ÖÏ=b =~å II =~°^• "å~°∞}© g}Ïg}Ï"å^Œ# `«`«Ê~å q<Àkh q<À^Œ™êú "≥·+¨‚g q+¨μ‚=Å¡ÉèÏ II q^•º"≥·^Œº zH˜`åûK« q=âß qâ◊fiqâ◊$`å q`«O„^• qǨÏfiÖÏ"ÕÖÏ q~å"å q~°u[fi~å II qq^è•~°¯ Hõ~å g~åaOÉ’+‘ª aO|=`«ûÖÏ qO^茺™êú g~°=O^•ºK« =sÜ«∂#Ѩ~åK« q`ü II "Õ^•O`«"Õ^•º "≥·^•ºK« "Õ^Œã¨º q[Ü«∞„Ѩ^• q~À^èŒ=i÷h =O^蕺 =O^蕺 |O^èŒ x"åi}© II Éèí~Úh ÉèíQÆ=∂ÖÏK« Éèí"åh ÉèíÜ«∞ÉèÏqh cè=∂cè=∂#<å Éèˇ·q∂ ÉèíOQÆ∞~å cèÉèíÜ«∂ѨǨ ÉèíQÆã¨iÊ}º Ñ≤ÉèíQÍ ÉèíQÆ~°∂áê ÉèíQÍÅÜ«∂ II ÉèíQÍã¨<å ÉèíQÍ"≥∂^• ÉèËs^ŒOHÍ~° ~°O[h cè+¨}Ï cè+¨}Ï ~å"å ÉèíQÆ=`«ºÑ≤ Éèí∂+¨}Ï Éèí~°^•fir Éè’QÆ^•„f Éèí=Ѷ‘∞fl Éèí∂`«Éèí∂+¨}Ï Éèí∂u^• Éèí∂q∞^è•„fK« Éèí∂Ѩu`«fi „Ѩ^•~Úh I „Éèí=∞s „ÉèÏ=∞s hÖÏÉèí∂áêÅ =∞‰õΩ@ã≤ú`å =∞`å=∞<ÀǨÏ~°=∞}Ï =∂xh "≥∂Ç≤Ïh=∞Ç‘Ï II 29 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 30. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü =∞ǨÅH©Δ ~°‡^ŒH©ΔÉèÏ =∞nÜ«∞ =∞#ã≤ã≤÷`å =∞^À^Œú`å =∞^ŒOQÆ™ê÷ =∂^èŒg =∞^èŒ∞#Okh II "Õ∞Ѷ¨∂ "Õ∞Ѷ¨∞Hõs"Õ∞^蕺 =∞^蕺=∞^茺 =Ü«∞ã≤ú`å =∞^Œºáê =∂Oã¨ÖÏ =∞`«ûº"≥∂kh "≥∞ÿ^èŒ∞<À^Œ÷`å =Ú^• =Ú„^•=f=∂`å =∞Ü«∂ =∞Ç≤Ï=∞ =∞Ok~å II =∞Ǩ=∂Ü«∂ =∞Ǩq^•º =∞Ǩ=∂s =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis I =∞Ǩ^Õ= =^èŒ∂=∂<åº =∞^èŒ∞~å g~°=∞O_»ÖÏ "Õ∞^Œã≤fih q∂Å#N =∞Ç≤Ïëêã¨∞~° =∞iúh I =∞O_»Ñ¨™ê÷ =∞~î°™êúK« =∞k~åQÆ=∞ QÆifi`å "≥∂HõΔ^• =ÚO_»=∂ÖÏK« =∂ÖÏ=∂ÖÏ qÖÏã≤h II =∂`«OyhK« =∂`«Ow =∞`«OQÆ`« #Ü«∂Ñ≤K« =∞^èŒ∞„ã¨"å =∞^èŒ∞~°ã¨ =∞^èŒ∂Hõ ‰õΩã¨∞=∞„Ñ≤Ü«∂ II Ü«∂q∞h Ü«∂q∞h<å^ä•Éèí∂ëê Ü«∂=Hõ~°Ol`å Ü«∞"åO‰õΩ~° „Ñ≤Ü«∂=∂Ü«∂ Ü«∞=hÜ«∞=<åaèáê II Ü«∞=∞Ѷ‘∞fl Ü«∞=∞Hõ<åºK« Ü«∞[=∂# ã¨fi~°∂Ñ≤}© Ü«∞*Ï˝Ü«∞*Ïfi Ü«∞A~°º*Ïfi Ü«∞â’xHõ~°HÍi}© II Ü«∞[˝=∂„`å „Ñ¨^•*˺ëêª Ü«∞[˝Hõ~°‡ Hõs`«^è• Ü«∞â◊ã≤fih, Ü«∞HÍ~°™êú, Ü«¸Ñ¨ã¨ÎOÉèí x"åã≤h II ~°Ol`å ~å[ѨfflK« ~°=∂ˆ~MÏ ~°"Õ~°}© ~°*’=f ~°[tÛ„`å ~°[h ~°[hѨuó II ~åy}© ~å[ºh ~å[º ~å[º^•~å[º=~°úh ˆ~`À =f ~°`À `åûǨ ~ÀQÆǨÏ$„^ÀQÆǨi}© II ~°OQÍ ~°OQÆ=f ~åQÍ~åQÆ*Ï˝ ~åQÆHõ$„^Œ}Ï ~°OlHÍ ~°OlHÍ~°O*Ï ~°O[h ~°HõÎÖ’K«<å II 30
  • 31. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ~°HõÎK«~°‡^èŒ~å ~°O*Ï~° HõΙêú ~°HõÎ"åkh ~°OÉèÏ~°OÉèí Ѷ¨Å„Ñ‘f ~°OÉè’~°∂ ~åѶ¨∞=„Ñ≤Ü«∂II ~°OQÆÉèí$„^ŒOQÆ =∞^èŒ∞~å~À^Œã‘ ~À^Œã‘„QÆǨ ~À^èŒHõ$„^Œ^èŒ Ç¨ÏO„fK« ~ÀQÆÉèí$„^ÀQÆ âß~Úh II =On |Okã¨∞Î`å|O^è• |O^èŒ∂Hõ ‰õΩã¨∞=∂^èŒ~å =Ok`å =Ok`å=∂`å qO^Œ∞~å "≥·O^Œg q^è• qOH© qOHõѨÖÏ qOHÍ qOHõ™êú qOHõ=`«ûÖÏ =kifiÅQÍfl q„áêK« qkèifikèHõs q^è• II â◊OYh â◊OYxÅÜ«∂ â◊OY=∂ÖÏ=fâ◊q∂ â◊Odáê„`åâ◊x â◊OMÏ â◊OMÏ â◊OYQÆÖÏâ◊j â◊Og â◊~å=f âߺ=∂âߺ=∂Ow âߺ=∞Ö’K«<å â◊‡âß#™ê÷ â◊‡âß<åK« â◊‡âß#ã¨ú ÅÉèí∂+¨}Ï â◊=∞^• â◊=∞ǨÏO„f Kè«âßH˜h â◊O‰õΩâıY~å âßOu âßOu„Ѩ^• âıëêâı+¨™êú âı+¨^•~Úh II âı=Ú+‘ â’+≤}©â∫s â∫ió âß~åºâ◊~å tió âßѨǨ âßѨǨhâ◊ â◊Oáêâ◊Ѩ^äŒ ^•~Úh II â◊$Oy}© â◊$OQÆѶ¨ÅÉèí∞H± â◊OHõs â◊OHõsK«Ü«∂ â◊OHÍ â◊OHÍѨǨã¨O™ê÷ âßâ◊fif j`«ÖÏt"å II t=™ê÷ â◊=Éèí∞HÍÎ "åt= =~å‚t"À^Œs âß~Úh âß=â◊Ü«∞<å tOâ◊áê tâ◊√áêeh II â◊=‰õΩO_»ehâ‹·"å â◊OHõ~å tt~åt~å â◊= HÍOpâ◊=„jHÍ â◊==∂ÖÏâ◊"åHõ$uó II â◊Ü«∞h â◊O‰õΩ"åâ◊H˜Îó â◊O`«#∞ó jÅ^•~Úh ã≤O^èŒ∞ó ã¨~°ã¨fifã≤O^èŒ∞ó ã¨∞O^Œs ã¨∞O^Œ~å#<å II 31 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 32. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ™ê^èŒ∞ó ã≤k÷ó ã≤^•ú^è•„f ã≤^•úã≤^Œú ã¨~°ã¨fif ã¨O`«uó ã¨OѨ^• ã¨OѨ`ü ã¨Oq`ü ã¨~°u^•~Úh II ã¨Ñ¨ffl ã¨~°™ê™ê~å ã¨~°ã¨fif NHõsã¨fi^è• ã¨~°ó ™ê÷ã¨=∂<åK« ™ê~å^蕺 ™ê=∞QÆã¨Î^è• II ã¨q∞^•÷ ã¨=∞^• ã¨O=∂ã¨"≥∂‡Ç¨ ã¨=∞^Œ~°≈<å ã¨q∞uó ã¨q∞^è•ã‘=∂ ã¨q„f ã¨q^è•ã¨f II ã¨=`å ã¨=<å^•~å ™ê=<å ã¨=∞~åã¨q∂ ã≤q∞~å ã¨`«`å™ênèfi 㨄nèzO`«º ã¨Ç¨~Úh II ǨÏO㑠ǨÏOã¨QÆu ~°›O™ê ǨÏO™È[fiÅ xKÀÅÜ«ÚH± ǨÏeh ǨÏÅ^•Ç¨ÖÏ Ç¨Ï~°N ǨÏ~°=Å¡ÉèÏ II ¿ÇÏÖÏ¿ÇÏÖÏ=f ¿ÇÏëê „¿ÇÏ+¨™ê÷ „¿ÇÏ+¨=i÷h ǨÏO`å ǨÏOu~°›`å ǨÏ`åºÇ¨ ǨÏO`«`«Ñ¨Ç¨i}© II ǨÏOHÍs ǨÏO`«Hõ$^ŒúOQÍ Ç‘ÏǨǨ`å ǨÏ`åǨÏ`å ¿ÇÏ=∞„Ѩ^• ǨÏOã¨Ñ¨f ǨsǨ`«i ã¨O=∞`å II ǨϟsǨϟ„f ǨϟeHÍK« Ǩϟ=∂Ǩϟ"≥∂ ǨÏq~°›ió II ǨÏi }©Ç¨Ïi}©<Õ„`å Ç≤Ï=∂K«Å x"åã≤h I ÅOÉ’^Œs ÅO|Hõ~å‚ ÅOaHÍ ÅO|q„QÆǨ bÖÏ Ö’ÖÏ=fÖ’ÖÏ ÅÅh Åe`åÅ`å II ÅÖÏ=∞ Ö’K«<åÖ’K«º Ö’ÖÏH©Δ ÅHõΔ}ÏÅÖÏ ÅOѨf Å∞OѨfÅOáê ֒Ѩ=Ú„^• ÅÅOuh II ÅOuHÍ ÅO|HÍÅOÉÏ ÅѶ≤∞=∂ ÅѶ¨Ú=∞^茺=∂ ÅѶ≤∞Ü«∞ã‘ ÅѶ¨Ú^Œ~¸ Å∂`åÅ∂`« x"åi}© II Ö’=∞Éèí$Ö’¡=∞ Å∞áêÎK« Å∞Å∞f Å∞Å∞ã¨OÜ«∞f Å∞ÖÏÜ«∞™êú K«ÅǨs ÅOHÍѨÙ~° ѨÙ~°O^Œs II 32
  • 33. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ÅH˜; ÅH©;„Ѩ^• ÅHΔ͇ºÅHõΔ |Åq∞u„Ѩ^• ‰õΔΩ}Ï‚‰õΔΩáê HõΔ}ÏH˜Δ}Ï HõΔ=∂HΔÍOuó HõΔ}Ï=f II HΔÍ=∂HΔÍ "≥∂^ŒsH˜Δ=∂ HΔ“=∞Éèí$`ü HõΔ„uÜ«∂OQÆ<å HõΔÜ«∂HõΔÜ«∂Hõs H©Δ~åH©Δ~°^•H©Δ~° ™êQÆ~å ˆHΔ=∞OHõs HõΔÜ«∞Hõs HõΔÜ«∞`«`ü HõΔ}^•HõΔuó ‰õΔΩ~°Of ‰õΔΩ„kHÍ ‰õΔΩ„^•‰õΔΩ`ü HΔÍ=∂HõΔ~° áê`«HÍ II =∂`«∞ó ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å"Õ∞^ŒO „Ѩ`«ºOy~åºó „Ѩ^•Ü«∞HõO Ü«∞óѨˆ~î`ü „Ѩܫ∞`À x`«ºO ã¨U=™êº #‡ ¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°ó II Ѷ¨Åâ◊$u–D ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ Ѩ~î°#O=Å¡ ^Œi„^Œ∞_»∞ ^èŒ#=O`«∞ _»QÆ∞#∞. "åH˜ûkú–P~ÀQƺ=Ú–ã¨O`å#=Ú–H©iΠѨ^Œq–â◊`«$[Ü«∞O ÅaèOK«∞#∞. ã¨HõÅ HÍ=∞º=ÚÅ∞ ã≤kúOK«∞#∞. ~å„uÜ«∞O^Œ∞ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O <åÅ∞QÆ∞ =∂~°æ=Ú Ü≥ÚHõ¯ ‰õÄ_»eÜ«∞O^Œ∞ áê~åÜ«∞} KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. Ѩk™ê~°∞¡ áê~åÜ«∞} KÕã≤# HÍ~°ºã≤k÷ HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ áê~åÜ«∞} KÕÜ«∞x^Õ =¸Å=∞O„`«=Ú ã≤kúOK«^Œ∞. =∞OQÆà◊"å~°=Ú â◊‡âß#=ÚÖ’ =∞^蕺ǨÏfl ã¨=∞Ü«∞=ÚÖ’ ™ê^茉õΩ_»∞ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ áê~åÜ«∞} 100™ê~°∞¡ KÕã≤#KÀ |∞∞}ÉÏ^è• q=Ú‰õΩÎ_»QÆ∞#∞. ~ÀQÆÉÏ^èŒ x=iÎOK«∞#∞ â◊x"å~°O J~°÷~å„u â◊‡âß#=ÚÖ’ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞O„`«=Ú 1008™ê~°∞¡ [Ñ≤Oz 10™ê~°∞¡ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O áê~åÜ«∞} KÕã≤#KÀ, â◊‡âß#=∞O^Œ∞ =∞Ǩ"åÜ«Ú=Ù gK«∞#∞. ÉèíÜ«∞OHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# #Hõ¯TÅÅ∞ qxÑ≤OK«∞#∞. JѨC_»∞ ™ê^茉õΩ_»∞ ÉèíÜ«∞=ÚK≥O^ŒHõ Ü«ÚO_ç# „Ѩ`«ºOy~° ã≤kúOK«∞#∞. QÀ~ÀK«#O JQÆ~°∞–Hõã¨∂Îi–Hõ~°∂Ê~°O–K«O^Œ#O– ‰õΩO‰õΩ=∞ q∞„â◊=∞=Ú`À áê_»ºq∞<å_»∞ Éèí∂~°˚Ѩ„`«OÃÑ· edOz ‰õΩ_çÉèí∞[=Ú#‰õΩ ^èŒiOz#KÀ HÍ~°ºã≤^Œ∞ú_»QÆ∞#∞. ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O |OQÍ~°∞ 33 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 34. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `åg^Œ∞Ö’ LOz, HõO~î°=Ú# ^èŒiOz# l`ÕO„kÜ«Ú _»QÆ∞#∞. x~°ƒùÜ«Ú_»QÆ∞#∞. QÆiƒù}∞ʼnõΩ, ÉÏʼnõΩʼnõΩ ^èŒiOѨKÕã≤#KÀ ~°HõΔ} HõeyOK«∞#∞. hÅO~°OQÆ∞ =G=ÚÃÑ· Ü«∞O„`«=Ú edOz ^èŒfi[=ÚQÆ #∞Oz#KÀ â◊`«$[Ü«∞=Ú á⁄O^Œ∞#∞. ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ áê~åÜ«∞} KÕã≤ Éèí㨇=Ú ^èŒiOz# JO^Œ~°∂ H˜OHõ~°∞Å=Öˇ ¿ã=‰õΩÅQÆ∞^Œ∞~°∞. XHõ <≥Å~ÀAÅ∞ ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞O [Ñ≤Oz [Ѩ[Å=Ú „`åy# Q˘Ñ¨Ê q^•º=O`«∞_»QÆ∞#∞. Wu <å=∞ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨O`«∞ „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞<ÀǨÏ~°O QÀѨºOQÆ∞ѨΠ`«=∞OÖ’ˆH QÀѨhÜ«∞O ã¨fiÜ≥∂x=`ü II Wu N ~°∞„^ŒÜ«∂=∞àı `«O„`Õ ^Œâ◊q^•º~°Ç¨Ï¿ãº „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨Ç¨Ï„ã¨<å=∞ ã¨OѨÓ~°‚"£∞ II „Ѩ`«ºOy~å™È΄`«O FO J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ™È΄`«=∞O„`«ã¨º =∞Ǩ^Õ= |∞∞+≤óII J#∞+¨μìÑπ Kè«O^ŒóII „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ^Õ=`å „Ç‘ÏO c[O ™êfiǨ â◊H˜Îó– ¿ãÊùO H©ÅHõO II =∞=∂aè+¨ì ã≤^Œ÷ºˆ~ú [¿Ñ qxÜ≥∂QÆó II NÉèˇ·~°=L"åK«:– ^Õg „Ѩ`«ºOy~å q^•º ^Œ∞+¨ì„QÆÇ¨Ï q<åth =∞i÷h ã¨~°fi^Œ∞ëêì<åO ã¨~°fiáêѨ „Ѩ"≥∂zh II ¢ã‘ÎÉÏÅ „ѨÉèí$f<åOK« [<å<åO Ç≤Ï`«HÍ=∞ºÜ«∂ ™œÉèÏQƺ [#h^Õg |ÅѨÙ+≤ìHõs `«^è• II K«`«∞+¨Ê ^Õ+¨μ QÀ¿+ª+¨μ `«^è• QÀ+¨ì=<Õ+¨μK« â◊‡âß<Õ ^Œ∞~°æ"Õ∞ Ѷ¨∞Áˆ~ ã¨O„QÍ"Õ∞ â◊`«$â◊OHõ>Ë II QÆ∞¿ÇϺ Ѩºâ◊√z ™ê÷<Õ+¨μ ã¨O„QÍ"Õ∞ â◊`«$â◊OHõ>Ë II 34
  • 35. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü ~å[^•fiˆ~K« ^Œ∞iƒùˆHΔ =∞ǨÉèíÜ«∞ LѨã≤úf II Ѩiî`å ™ê‡i`å^Õq ã¨~°fiã≤kú Hõs㨇 $`å Ü«∞™êº`«‡™êú =∞Ǩq^•º „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ã¨∞ÉèÏ+≤`å I ã≤^•úã¨∞ã≤^•ú ™êx`«ºO q^èÕÜ«∂ Ѩ~°=∂㨇 $`å N=∞`åѶ¨∞’ ~°~°∂¿Ñ} ÉèÏ+≤`å ÃѶ∂~°~°∂Ñ≤}˜ Ü«∞™êºOQÆ™ê÷ =∞Ǩq^•º qzO`åº ^è•~°`å#Ô~·ó ed`åK« Hõˆ~HõOˆ~î ÉÏǨÏ∫t~°ã≤ ^è•~°ÜÕ∞`ü II q=ÚK«º`Õ =∞ǨѶ¨∞’ˆ~ =∞$`«∞º~°∂¿Ñ ^Œ∞~åã¨^Õ ^Œ∞+¨ìã¨`«fi„QÆǨ^Õ= Ü«∞HõΔ ~°HΔÍ^ŒÜ«∞ ã¨Î^è• I Ñ‘_®O `«ã¨º# ‰õΩ~°fiOuÜÕ∞ Kå<Õº Ñ‘_»HÍó„QÆǨó =∞O„`å ÉÏǨºaèKåˆ~<À „Ѩ=~°ÎO`Õ Hõ^•K«# II x`«ºOK« ^è•~°º=∂}㨺 P=∞$`«`«fiOK« HõÅÊ`Õ ã≤^•ú~å÷ ã≤kú^• x`«ºO q^պܫ∞O Ѩ~°=∂㨇 $`å II „Ѩ`«ºOy~å HõΔ~å„áÈHÍÎ iѨÙOǨÏ<åº#fl ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ó =∞O„`«~å*’ ^Œ=∞O^Õq ã¨~°fiã≤kú Hõ~°ó㨇 $`«ó ã¨~°fiq^•ºÇ¨Ï~åq^•º „Ѩ`«ºOy~å ™ê=∞¿ÇÏâ◊fis „Ѩ`«ºOy~å=∞O„`«áê^ŒO FO J㨺N „Ѩ`«ºOy~å =∞O„`«áê^Œã¨º NÉèíQÆ"å<£ Éèˇ·~°=â◊OHõ~° |∞∞+≤ó J#∞+¨μìÉèÏk <å<åKè«O^•Oã≤–N [QÆ<å‡`å „Ñ¨`«ºOy~å^Õ=`å FO c[O–AOâ◊H˜Îóã¨óH©ÅHõO II =∞=∞ ã¨~åfi~°ú ã≤^èŒúºˆ~÷ [¿ÑqxÜ≥∂QÆó FO ##∞ó ã¨Ç¨Ï„㨠ã¨∂ˆ~ºHõΔ}ÏÜ«∞ =∞Ǩ=ÚMÏÜ«∞ J<åk~°∂áêÜ«∞ ѨÙ~°∞ǨϙêÎÜ«∞ =∞Ǩ=ÚMÏÜ«∞ =∞Ǩ"åºÑ¶¨∂º~Ú<Õ =∞ǨѶ¨∞’~åu Ѷ¨∞Á~åÜ«∞ =∞Ǩ„ѨÉèÏ=O ^Œ~°≈Ü«∞ FO Ç≤ÏeÇ≤Ïe FO q∞eq∞e FO ǨÏiǨÏi FO q^Œ∞ºl˚¿ÇÏfi [fiÅ[fiÅ „Ѩ[fiÅ „Ѩ[fiÅ |O^èŒ|O^èŒ =∞^äŒ =∞^äŒ „Ѩ=∞^äŒ- 35 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 36. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü „Ѩ^èŒfiOã¨Ü«∞ „Ѩ^èŒfiOã¨Ü«∞ â◊=∞Ü«∞ â◊=∞Ü«∞ Ñ≤|Ñ≤| „QÆ㨄QÆ㨠<åâ◊Ü«∞ =^Œ=^Œ„^•=Ü«∞„^•=Ü«∞ q„^•=Ü«∞ q„^•=Ü«∞ zèOk zèOk Hõ$O`«Ü«∞ Hõ$O`«Ü«∞ ÉèíHõΔÜ«∞ ÉèíHõΔÜ«∞ „`åã¨Ü«∞ „`åã¨Ü«∞ `å_»Ü«∞ `å_»Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ „ÉèÏ=∞Ü«∞ „ÉèÏ=∞Ü«∞ ‰õΩÅO ‰õΩÅO Éèí∞O[ Éèí∞O[ K«∞O| K«∞O| ^ŒÇ¨Ï^ŒÇ¨Ï QÆ~°˚QÆ~°˚ ™ÈÊù@Ü«∞ ™ÈÊù@Ü«∞ K«∞~°Ü«∞ K«∞~°Ü«∞ L`åû^ŒÜ«∞ L`åû^ŒÜ«∞ "≥∂ǨÏÜ«∞-L#∂‡ÅÜ«∞ L#∂‡ÅÜ«∞ ã¨OHÀK«Ü«∞ P"Õâ◊Ü«∞ P"Õâ◊Ü«∞ =∞=∞ qѨ^ŒO <åâ◊Ü«∞ <åâ◊Ü«∞ â◊`«$ÏO „`åã¨Ü«∞ „`åã¨Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ =∞=∞ ~°HõΔ`«fiO ã¨OѨ`ü ‰õΩ=∂~°O P^•ºHõΔ~° =∞ǨÜ≥∂QÆ Ñ¨Ù~°∞+¨ ~°ã¨=`åºO =∂O,^ä•~°HõO ã¨Ñ¨i"å~°HõO ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ =∞Ǩ"Õ∞Ѷ¨∞øѶ¨∞ Ѷ¨∂uˆH =∞Ǩ"Õ∞Ѷ¨∞ø+¨μ Ѷ¨∂uˆH =∞Ǩ"Õ∞Ѷ¨∞øѶ¨∂k ã¨O=~°ÎHõ ã¨O=~°ÎˆH q^Œ∞º^•…`« q^Œ∞º„`å¯O`Õ q^Œ∞º^Œ`«Hõ HõѨiúx k=ºHõ#HÍO Éè’~°∞ǨÏO HõѨiÌx kqHõ#HÍO Éè’~°∞ǨÏO qHõK«=ÚO_» =∂ÖÏ^è•i}˜ tuHõO~î° "庄Ѷ¨∂lx ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯˜ Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°„Ñ≤ÜÕ∞ zèOkè zèOkè q„^•=Ü«∞ q„^•=Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ q^•~°Ü«∞ ^Õ=Ñ≤âßK« <åQÆQÆ~°∞_» H˜#fl~° q^•º^èŒ~° QÆ}QÆO^èŒ~°fi Ü«∞HõΔ~åHõΔ㨠֒Hõ áêÖÏ#∞ „QÆǨ<£ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ <åHõÖ’HõáêÖÏOâ◊Û Ç¨Ï#ǨÏ# (â◊`«$<å=∞O K≥áêÊe) =∞=∞ â◊`«$Ï<£ ǨÏ#ǨÏ# xHõ$O`«Ü«∞ xHõ$O`«Ü«∞ ÜÕ∞K« ã¨^•=∞=∞ q^•ºÜ«∂=∞ q^è•Ü«∂O Jq^•ºHõ~°‡ ‰õΩ~°fiOu `ÕëêOq^•ºO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞ Ѷ¨∂`«Ü«∞ Ѷ¨Ú`«Ü«∞ FO qâ◊fi=¸~°ÎÜÕ∞ =∞Ç¨Ï `Õ[¿ã FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO =ÚYO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO QÆ∞ǨϺO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO q^•ºO ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO ǨϙœÎ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO áê^Õ QÆ∞ǨϺ YQÆ^èŒfix 36
  • 37. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü =∞~å‡}˜ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FOEOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊`«$Ï}ÏO<Õ„`Õ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊„`«∂}ÏO „â’„`Õ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ FO EOã¨ó =∞=∞â◊„`«∂<åO QÆ$ǨO ‰õΩ@∞O|O ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞ ã¨ÎOÉèíÜ«∞™ê÷#O H©ÅÜ«∞H©ÅÜ«∞=ÚO_»O H©ÅÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞ ^ÕǨÏO H©ÅÜ«∞ H©ÅÜ«∞ ã¨~°fi^ÕǨÏO H©ÅÜ«∞H©ÅÜ«∞ =∞=∞ âßOuO ‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩ~°∞ =∞=∞ Ѩi"å~°ã¨º ~°HΔÍO ‰õΩ~°∞‰õΩ~°∞ ™êfiǨ FOFOFO ~°O~°O~°O Ǩ˙OǨ˙OǨ˙O Ѷ¨ò ™êfiǨ FOFOFOFOFO Ü«∞OÜ«∞OÜ«∞OÜ«∞OÜ«∞O ~°O~°O~°O~°O~°OÅOÅO ÅOÅOÅO =OѶ¨ò ™êfiǨ FO~î°ó FO Ǩ˙OѶ¨ò FO „Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ =∞=∞ã¨i"å~°O ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ FO Ü«∞óÜ«∞ó FOFOFO „Ç‘ÏO Ѷ¨ò™êfiǨ FOFOFO „ǨO„ǨO„ǨO HÍm Hõ~åoÜÕ∞ =∂O„Ѩu LѨ„^Œ"å^ŒºaèKå~°O ‰õΩ~°fiOu–P‰õΩ~°fi<£ Hõi+¨ºOu–HÍ~°~Ú+¨ºu "å`å<£ ã¨~åfi<£ ǨÏ#ǨÏ# ѨK«Ñ¨K« Ѩ`«ºOyˆ~ ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ=∂O ã¨Ñ¨i"å~°O ~°HõΔ~°HõΔ ™êfiǨ II Wkx`«ºO ѨiîOz# "åiH˜ ã¨=∞ã¨Î ÉÏ^èŒÅ∞ `˘Åy ã¨HõÅ HÀiHõÅ∞ f~°∞#∞. IIt"å~°Ê}=∞ã¨∞Î II 37 „Ѩ`«ºOy~å`«O„`«O
  • 39. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü FO ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O â’¡II 㨈~fiëê=∞Ñ≤ =ÚHõκ~°úO =ÚH˜Î=∂~°æ㨺 ^Œ~°≈#O I ^Õ"Õâ◊ *Ï˝#=∂Kå~°O Hõ$Ѩܫ∂ Hõ^èŒÜ«∞ã¨fi"Õ∞ II *Ï˝<åKå~“ =~å~À¿ÇÏ Hõ^èŒÜ«∂q∞ `«"å^èŒ∞<å „Ñ¨qâ◊Ou Ü«∞`À"≥∂HõΔO *Ï˝x<À^èŒfiã¨Î HõŇ+¨O II ÜÕ∞ëê ÉË^èÕ# ã¨O*Ï`«O HÍÅ*Ï˝#O =~å#<Õ # `Õëê *ÏÜ«∞`ÕÉ’^èŒó âßGHÀ˜ â◊`≥·~°Ñ≤ II J`ÀÇ≤Ï x~°ƒùÜ≥∂ q^•fi<£ qâ◊≈OHÀ qQÆ`«ã¨Ê$ǨÏó *Ï˝<À`åûÇ¨Ï Ñ¨~ÀÉèí∂Ü«∂`ü „â◊^•ú^è•<À x~å‰õΩÅó II 4 `å : ã¨HõÅ[#∞Å∂ =ÚH˜ÎK≥O^Œ∞ =∂~°æ=Ú#∞ É’kèOK«=∞x ^Õq Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°∞x „áêiúOK«QÍ t=Ù_ç@∞¡ K≥ÃÑÊ#∞. áêѨ~°Ç≤Ï`«∞Öˇ·# *Ï˝#∞Å∞ =ÚH˜ÎK≥O^Œ∞ =∂~°æ=ÚÅ∞ *Ï˝#=Ú PKå~°=ÚÅx `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘#∞=Ú HÍÅ*Ï˝#=Ú ÖËx"åiH˜ HÀ˜ âßG=ÚÅ∞ É’kèOz##∂ =º~°÷"Õ∞. JO^Œ∞KÕ`« ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ ~°Ç≤Ï`«∞Öˇ·, *Ï˝#=Ú ã¨OáêkOK«∞@Ü«∞O^Œ∞ L`åûǨÏ=Ú HõÅ"åÔ~·, „â◊^Œ÷`À ™ê^èŒ# KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. â’¡II x~°‡=∞ó Hõ~°∞}À¿Ñ`«ó ã¨~°fiÉèí∂`åÉèíÜ«∞ „Ѩ^Œó Éèí*Ë`ü HÍÖ’`«Î~°O ^Õq =Ú=Ú‰õΔΩ~ÀºQÆ `«`«Ê~°ó II 㨄|Ǩ‡ ã¨t"À q+¨μ‚ó ã¨WO„^Œó ã¨+¨_®##ó ã¨QÆ∞~°∞ó ã¨~°fi^Õ"åâ◊Û ã¨Ü≥∂w ã¨`«áÈ^èŒ#ó II ѨO_ç`« ã¨û=∞ǨÉèÏQÆó Hõ$`å~°úó Ѩ~°=∂~°÷`«ó K«Å^•fiÜ«Ú ã¨=∞Oz`«ÎO „kèÜ«∞`Õ ÜÕ∞#xâ◊ÛÅO II ã¨LáêÜ≥∂ q"≥∂HõΔ㨺 ã¨^Œ∞áê`«Î QÆ∞}Àã¨∞Îã¨ó ™ê„Ѩ*Ï˝ `«kǨÏÃãÂ÷~°ºO `«`«∞Ê}ºO =º=™ê~Ú<åO II 39 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
  • 40. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `å : =ÚH˜ÎÜ«∞O^Œ∞ HÀiHõHõÅ"å~°∞, <åk J#∞ÉèÏ==Ú ÖËx"åÔ~·, ^ŒÜ«∞QÆÅ"åÔ~· Ü≥∂QÆ=∂~°æ=Ú ¿ãqOK« =ÅÜ«Ú#∞. J`«_Õ ã¨HõÅ ^Õ=`å ã¨fi~°∂ѨÙ_»QÆ∞#∞. K«eOK«∞ „áê}"åÜ«Ú=Ù#∞ ã≤÷~°=ÚQÍ #∞Oz, ‰õΩOÉèíHõ „áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂ÉèϺã¨"Õ∞ "≥∂HõΔ=Ú#‰õΩ =¸ÅHÍ~°} =∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. â’¡II `«^Õ= f~°úO^•#OK« ã¨`«Ñ¨â◊Û# ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ó ÜÕ∞<ÀáêÜÕ∞# |^èÕº`« "åÜ«Úaèâ◊ÛÅ#O =∞#ó I z`ÕÎK«Åu ã¨O™ê~À xâ◊ÛÖË "≥∞HõΔ U=`«∞ `«™ê‡zÛ`«ÎO ã≤ú~°O‰õΩ~åº`ü „Ѩ[˝Ü«∂ Ѩ~°Ü«∂|∞^èŒó II SHÍOuHõ ã¨∞YOÜ«∞„`« `«^è≥·"å`«ºOuHõO Éèí"Õ`ü x+¨¯~°‡}© Ѩˆ~`«`Õfi HÀ#~°*˺`« ѨO_ç`«ó II x=$`ÒÎ q+¨Ü«∞*Ï˝<å`ü x+¨¯Å*Ï˝# `«`«Ê~°ó PxK«Ûù#flÑ≤ "Õ∞^è•g ÅÉèË`« "≥∂HõΔ=∞HõΔÜ«∞O II `å : JkÜÕ∞ f~°÷=Ú–`«Ñ¨ã¨∞û JQÆ∞K«∞#flk, z`«Î=Ú K«eOz# ã¨O™ê~°=∞QÆ∞#∞. ã≤÷~°=ÚQÍ #∞#fl "≥∂HõΔ=Ú á⁄O^≥^Œ~°∞. `≥eqHõÅ"å~°∞ „Ѩ[˝KÕ`« ã≤÷~°z`«Î=Ú á⁄O^Œ=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. q+¨Ü«∞*Ï˝# q=ÚY∞Öˇ·, x+¨¯Å*Ï˝#=∞QÆ∞ t=*Ï˝#=∞O^Œ∞ `«`«Ê~°∞Öˇ· Ü«Ú#fl"å~°∞ HÀiHõÖˉõΩ#fl#∞ "≥∂HõΔ=Ú á⁄O^Œ∞K«∞<åfl~°∞. â’¡II Jã≤‡`å HõÅÜ«∂Ü«ÚHõÎO K≥·`«#ºO ã¨HõÅO 㨇 $`«O Jã≤‡`å ~°Ç≤Ï`«O KÕ`«ó K≥·`«#ºO â◊H˜Î ~°∞K«º`Õ II `«Ü«∂ „ѨHÍt`«O qâ◊fiOâ◊H˜Î ^蕺#=Ú^•Ç¨Ï$`«O ã¨~åfiÅO| qx~°∞‡HõÎO x+¨¯ÅO *Ï˝#=ÚK«º`Õ JǨÏ=∞Oâı# Ü«∞K«∂Ûù#ºO z<凄`« Ö’Hõ=∞^ŒfiÜ«∞O =ÚH˜Îc[O `«^•MϺ`«O Ѩ~°Ü≥∂QÆ „Ѩ=~°ÎHõO II 40
  • 41. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü K«„HÍ}˜ <å_»Ü«∞ó Ѩ^Œ‡^Õ=`å c[=∞O_»ÅO ~°∂Ѩx`åºkHõO H˜Oz`ü ^èպܫ∞O <≥·=Hõ^•K«# II `å : =∂Ü«∞KÕ P=iOK«|_ç#k ã¨HõÅ=∞x, =∂Ü«∂ ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ# K≥·`«#º=Ú ''â◊H˜Î—— Jx K≥ѨÊ|_»∞#∞. Ѩ$kè"åºk – t=`«`åÎfiO`«=Ú. ^Õâ◊HÍÖÏ^Œº#=zÛù#"≥∞ÿ# â◊H˜Î`À xO_çÜ«Ú#flk. ''<Õ#∞—— J<Õk ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ#^Õ =ÚH˜ÎH˜ c[=∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. JO`ÕHÍx 6 K«„Hõ=ÚÅ∞, 32 <å_»∞Å∞, 4–6–8–12–16–2 ^Œà◊=ÚÅ∞ QÆŠѨ^Œ‡=ÚÅ∞, „|Ǩ‡k ^Õ=`«Å∞, „Ѩ}"åk c*ÏHõΔ~°=ÚÅ∞, ã¨∂~åºk =∞O_»Å=ÚÅ∞, ~°HÍÎk~°∂Ѩ=ÚÅ∞, F_论}Ïk |O^èŒ#=ÚÅ∞ U"≥·<å, Z#fl˜H© ^èպܫ∞=ÚÅ∞ HÍ=Ù. â’¡II ‰õΩǨÏHõO =∞O„`«*ÏÅO K«„áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂k ^è•~°}O ã¨~°fi"Õ∞`«#fl Hõ~°Î=ºO "≥∂HõΔ=∞HõΔÜ«∞ q∞K«Ûù`å I <å„`«Ñ¨Ó*Ï #=∞™ê¯~À #[áÈ^蕺#"Õ∞=K« ˆH=ÅO *˽ܫ∞q∞`«∞ºHõÎO "Õk`«=ºO# H˜OK«# II |Ç≤Ï ~åÇ≤Ï`« z`åÎ<åO ÅÜ«∞O`Õ |O^茿ÇÏ`«=ó |Ç≤ÏtÛù`«ÎO x"åÔ~º= qO^Œ<£Ö’ˆH # ã‘^Œu II <å„`«H˜Oz ^ŒƒÇ≤Ï~åflO`«O #=∞^茺O <åѨº^èŒó Hõfiz`ü ã¨~åfiHÍ~°O x~åHÍ~°O ã¨fiã¨O"Õ^ŒºO q~å[`Õ II `å : +¨òHõ~°‡Å∞ QÆÅ =∞O„`«âßG=Ú, „áê}ÏÜ«∂=∂k ^蕺#^è•~°}=ÚÅ∞, ѨÙ#~å=$uÎ ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ# "≥∂HõΔ=Ú#∞ HÀ~°∞"å~°∞ PK«iOѨ~å^Œ∞. ѨÓ[ #=∞™ê¯~°=ÚÅ∞–[Ѩ^è•#º=ÚÅ∞ UqÜ«¸ r=#∞‡‰õΩÎxH˜ ÖË=Ù. [QÆ`«∞Î"≥·Ñ¨Ù ^Œ$+≤ì™êiOz# "åiH˜ |O^èŒ ¿ÇÏ`«∞=ÙÅ∞ „áêÑ≤ÎOK«∞#∞. ÉÏǨϺ=Ú–=∞^茺=∞=Ú–JO`«º=Ú J#∞#q. ã¨~åfiHÍ~°=Ú x~åHÍ~°=ÚQÍ `«#Ü«∞O^Õ *Ï˝xH˜ QÀK«iOK«∞#∞. 41 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
  • 42. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü â’¡II Ü«∞^•º^•Ö’Hõº Ü≥∂[O`«∞ó ‰õΩ~°∞`Õ Hõ~°‡ã¨OK«Ü«∞O `«^Œæu~å˚Ü«∞`Õ Ü«∞™ê‡xfl ~å Ö’HõO`«∞ zO`«ÜÕ∞`ü ¿ÇÏ`«∞~åflã≤ΠѶ¨ÅO<å ã≤Î <å ã≤ÎHõ~°‡ ã¨fiÉèÏ=`«ó Jã¨^Œ∂ƒù`« q∞^ŒOã¨~°fiO <åã≤ÎÖ’HÀ# Ö∫H˜Hõó II x~åÅO| q∞^ŒO ã¨~°fiO x~åÅO| „ѨHÍt`«O x~åÅO| q∞^ŒOHõ$`åfi x~åÅOÉ’ Éèíq+¨ºu II "Àº=∂HÍ~° =∞Ǩâ◊¥#ºO "åºÑ¨HõO Ü≥∂#ÉèÏ=ÜÕ∞`ü ã¨O™ês ã¨Éèí"ÕÖ’¡ˆH c[HÀâ◊ „H˜q∞~°º^è• II `å : ^ÕxxK«∂z Z=~°∞ UHõ~°‡ KÕÜ«ÚK«∞<åfl~À "åiH˜ P^ÕQÆu „áêÑ≤ÎOK«∞#∞. Hõ#∞Hõ<Õ x~åÖ’Hõ zO`«# KÕÜ«∂e. HÍ~°}=¸ ÖË^Œ∞, Ѷ¨e`«=¸ÖË^Œ∞, ã¨fiÉèÏ==Ú KÕ`«<Õ Hõ~°‡ â◊¥#º=∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. [QÆ`«∞Î Jã¨`ü JQÆ∞@KÕ ÖËx^Õ x~°∞áêkèHõ Ѩ~°=∞t=ÙxKÕ „ѨHÍt`«=∞QÆ∞ Ѩi}Ï=∞je Ü«∞QÆ∞ D [QÆ`«∞Î =∞Ü«∂~°∂Ѩ =∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. z^•HÍâ◊=Ú#∞ aO^Œ∞, =∂Ü«∂k J<ÕHõ x~åHÍ~°=ã¨∞Î *Ï`«=Ú`À xO_ç# =∞Ǩâ◊¥#º=ÚQÍ Z=~°∞ ÉèÏqOK«~À, "å~°∞ q`«Î#=∞O^Œ∞ QÆÅ „H˜q∞=Öˇ, [##=∞~°}~°∂Ѩ ã¨O™ê~°|O^èŒ=Ú#O^Œ∞ z‰õΩ¯H˘<≥^Œ~°∞. â’¡II *Ï˝<À`«ÊuÎ xq∞`«ÎO`«∞ „H˜Ü«∂â◊Û~åºó „ѨH©iÎ`åó Ü≥∂QÆO ™êÅO|#O `«ºHÍÎfi x¢+¨Ê=OK«O qzO`«ÜÕ∞`ü II áê`åÖÏ`ü â◊H˜ÎѨ~°ºO`«O ã¨~°fi"Õ∞`«^ŒcèÑ≤û`«O ÉèíQÆflOÜ≥ÿ∞ó â◊¥#º=∞O„`Õ} `Õ㨇 $`åó â◊¥#º"Õk#ó II q+¨ÜÕ∞ Ö’Å∞ѨOz `«ÎO =∞~°¯Ï^ŒÑ≤ K«OK«ÅO ã¨~°fiâ◊¥#º Ѩ^Õã≤÷`åfi `«`Àx~åfi} "Õ∞+¨ºu II ã¨~°fi`«`åfi^Œº ã¨Oaè#flO ^ÕǨ`ü aè#flO`«^ä≥· =K« JǨÏ=∞™ê‡^Œº ã¨Oaè#flO K≥·`«#ºO ã¨~°fi`À =ÚYO II 42
  • 43. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `å: *Ï˝<À`«ÊuÎH˘~°ˆH Hõ~å‡#∞ëêª#=Ú K≥ѨÊ|_ç#k Ü≥∂QÆã≤^Œ∞úÅ#∞ q_çzÃјì z^Œ…<≥·Hõ =ã¨∞Î=Ù<Õ ^蕺xOKåe. áê`åà◊=∞O^Œ∞#fl HÍÖÏyfl ~°∞„^ŒÉèí=#=Ú #∞O_ç â◊H˜Î`«`«fi=Ú =~°‰õΩ ã¨=∞ã¨ÎÉè’QÆ=Ú#∞ q_»z ÃÑ@ì=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ã¨∞MÏaèÖÏ+≤Ü≥ÿ∞# =∞#ã¨∞û HÀuHõO>Ë K«OK«Å"≥∞ÿ#k. ã¨~°fi`«`«fi=ÚÅ`À ‰õÄ_»x^≥· ''JǨÏ=∞ã≤‡—— J<Õ ã¨OHõÅÊ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ ã¨~°fi`À=ÚY"≥∞ÿ# K≥·`«#º=Ú`À LO_» =ÅÜ«Ú#∞. â’¡II PHÍâ◊q∞= ã¨~°fiO`«∞ ã¨ÉÏǨÉèϺO`«~°O „Ñ≤ÜÕ∞ Ѩ~å#O^Œ=∞ ~°∂ѨO`«∞ Ѩâ◊º<åfl#O^Œ ÉèÏQƃù"Õ`ü II x~°O^èŒ<À Ü«∞^è•=Ç≤Ïfló ã¨fiÜ«∞"Õ∞= „Ѩâß=∞ºu „QÍǨºÉèÏ"å#‡ # ã¨Î^Œfi`ü ã¨fiÜ«∞"Õ∞= „ѨbÜ«∞`Õ "≥∂Ç‘ÏHÍ=¸iÛù HÍ=∂Ü«∂ ã¨fiѨflâıÛu K«`«∞ifi^èŒ ã¨∞+¨μÑ≤Î *ÏQÆ$uâ‹ÂÛ= ã¨~°fi"Õ∞ `«`«Êi`«º*Ë`ü II ^ÕǨ`ü ã¨∂HõΔ ‡ QÆ`å¢`åÊ}Ï`ü z`å^Œ∞ƒù^Õú ~°Ç¨ÏOHõ$`Õó II ã¨~°fi™ê‡kÛù#fl U"åǨÏO zO`«Ü«∞<£ ÅÉèí`Õz`«O II `å : Ѷ¨∞@=Ú, =∞~î°=Ú, "≥ÚII =ã¨∞Î=ÙÅO^Œe â◊¥#º=Ú=Öˇ, ÉÏǨºÉèíºO`«~°=ÚÅO^Œ∞ xO_çÜ«Ú#fl Ѩ~å#O^Œ Ѩ~°=∞ t=Ùx ^Œi≈Oz, P#O^Œ=Ú á⁄O^Œ=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. ѨÙÅ¡Å∞ÖËx Jyfl Uq^èŒ=ÚQÍ `å<Õ PiáÈ=Ù<À q+¨Ü«∞=ÚÅ∞ ÖËx =∞#ã¨∞û ‰õÄ_® J>Ë¡ <åâ◊#=∞QÆ∞#∞. Ѩ~°=∞t=ÙxÖ’ b#=∞QÆ∞#∞. "≥∂ǨÏ=Ú– =¸~°Ûù–=∂Ü«∞–ã¨fiѨfl=Ú J#∞ 4 ã¨∞+¨μÑ≤Î (`«"≥∂QÆ∞} u~ÀÇ≤Ï`« =∞<À~°∂ѨO) *ÏQÆ$u ã¨~°fi=¸ Ѩi`«ºlOK« =ÅÜ«Ú#∞, ã¨∂÷Åâ◊s~°=Ú, „áê}=Ú, =∞#ã¨∞û, |∞kú, JǨÏOHÍ~°O g@xflHõO>Ë `å#∞ aè#∞fl_»x ÉèÏqOz#KÀ zkfi"ÕHõ=Ú HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. â’¡II ã¨^•aè Éèí∂Ü«∞`Õ z`«ÎO x„^ŒÜ«∂ 㨇~°}Ïk<å É’^èŒ~Ú`åfi „Ѩܫ∞`Õfl# ‰õΩ~åº`ü ã¨fiã¨úOѨÙ#óѨÙ#ó 43 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
  • 44. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü Ü«∞^ä•ã≤÷~°O Éèí"Õ`üz`«ÎO <≥·=KåÅÜ«∞<£ Hõ^äŒOK«# #H˜Oz zÛO`«ÜÕ∞ `«Î„`« ã≤÷~°"Õ∞=`«∞ HÍ~°ÜÕ∞`ü II P„â◊Ü«∂ÅO|#O z`«ÎO `«^Œfi`«∞¯~åºxfl ~å„â◊Ü«∞O K«OK«ÅO xâ◊ÛÅO‰õΩ~åº`ü xâ◊ÛÅO`«∞# KåÅÜÕ∞`ü II ã¨~°fiÉèí∂`« ÅÜÕ∞*Ï`Õ Ü«∞^Œº^£ "Àº=∞ã¨∞ x~°‡ÅO `«`«Î„^Œ∂ѨO ã¨fiHõO^蕺ÜÕ∞`ü "åºÑ¨ÎOK≥·=`«∞ x~°‡ÅO II `å: =∞#ã¨∞û ZšѨC_»∂ x„^•ã¨‡~°}Ï^Œ∞ÅKÕ "≥#∞Hõ‰õΩ Ñ¨Ü«∞xOK«∞#∞ (JaèÉèí∂Ü«∞`ÕII u~°¢ã≤¯Ü«∞`Õ) ^•xx É’^èŒ#`À =∞~°Å =∞~°Å ã¨fiã¨ú=Ú KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ. JѨÙ_Õ ã≤ú~°=∞QÆ∞#∞. P„â◊Ü«∞=ÚÅ#∞ PtOK«∞ z`«Î=Ú#∞ x~å„â◊Ü«∞=Ú KÕã≤#KÀ K«OK«Å`«fi=Ú áÈ~Ú xâ◊ÛÅ=∞QÆ∞#∞ ã¨~°fi =¸ÅÜ«∞"≥∞ÿ# Ñ≤=∞‡@ PHÍâ◊=Ú Z@∞¡ x~°‡Å=ÚQÍ #∞O_»∞<À, `å#∞ J>Ë¡ ÉèÏqOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. â’¡II `«^Õ= [#‡™êѶ¨ÅºO áêO_ç`«º q∞^Œ"Õ∞=Ç≤Ï K«Å^•fiÜ«Ú ã¨=∞Oz`«ÎO xâ◊ÛÅO„kèÜ«∞`ÕÇ≤Ï `«`ü II <≥·"À~°úºO ^è•~°ÜÕ∞z`«ÎO #=∞^茺O <åѨº^èŒóHõfiz`ü JO`«~åƒù= qx~°∞‡HõÎO ã¨^• ‰õΩ~åºxfl ~å„â◊Ü«∞O x„^•Ü«∂O É’^èŒÜÕ∞zÛ`«ÎO qH˜ΔѨÎO â◊=∞ÜÕ∞`«∞Ê#ó ѨHõΔ^ŒfiÜ«∞ Ѩi`庈Q ã¨O„áê¿ÑÎ<≥·= KåÅÜÕ∞`ü I x~å„â◊Ü«∞O ã¨^•z`«ÎO ã¨~åfiÅO|# =i˚`«O =∞<À=™êÌ qx~°∞‡HõÎO q*˽ܫ∞O =ÚH˜ÎÅHõΔ}O II `å : W@∞¡ x~°‡Å`«fi=Ú á⁄O^Œ∞@KÕ [#‡ ™êѶ¨Åº=Ú. W^Õ áêO_ç`«º=Ú. ÉèÏ=â◊¥#º"≥∞ÿ# =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ x~å„â◊Ü«∞=ÚQÍ KÕã≤ xâ◊ÛÅ=Ú KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. x„^ŒÜ«∞O^Œ∞ =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ "Õ∞Ö’¯ÅÊ=Öˇ#∞. "庉õΩÅ"≥∞ÿ# 44
  • 45. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü =∞#ã¨∞û#∞ LѨâ◊q∞OѨ KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. Dq^èŒ=ÚQÍ x„^•–*ÏQÆ$`«∞ÅKÕ x~å„â◊Ü«∞O KÕã≤# =∞#ã¨∞û PÅO|#=ÚÖËHõ UH©Éèí∂`«"≥∞ÿ xâ◊ÛÅ=∞QÆ∞#∞ WkÜÕ∞ ™ê^èŒ#. â’¡II ã¨~åfiÅO|# â◊¥#ºOK« ^è•~°~Ú`åfi =∞<ÀǨÏ$k Ü«∞^£ *Ï˝#O *ÏÜ«∞`Õ ã¨Ê+¨ìO `«^ŒÉèϺ㨠Ѩ~ÀÉèí"Õ`ü I ÜÕ∞^蕺ܫ∞Ou #~°Oâ◊¥#ºO x+¨¯ÅO x~°=ã≤÷`«O `ÕÜ«∂Ou Ѩ~°=∞O™ê÷#O [#‡=∞$`«∞º q=i˚`«O II ^Õ"å ^Õ"å ã¨Î^è•Kå<Õº ^èŒ~å‡^èŒ~“‡K« `«`«ÊùÅO P„â◊Ü«∂„â◊~Ú q*Ï˝#O ã¨O™ê~°ã¨ºK« |O^èŒ#O II P„â◊Ü≥∂ ^ŒfiO^Œfi q∞`«∞ºHõÎO ^ŒfiO^Œfi`åºQÍ `«Ê~À^ŒÜ«∞O r=#∞‡HõÎ ã¨Î^•Ü≥∂w ^ÕǨÏ`åºQÍkfi =ÚK«º`Õ II `å : qHõÅÊ=ÚÅ∞ ÖËx =∞#ã¨∞û, ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞O^Œ∞ ^è•~°}KÕ ã¨fiK≥·`«#º=Ú#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘#∞#∞. D Ѩ~°â◊¥#º=Ú#∞ `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘#∞ "å~°∞ [#‡=∞$`«∞º=ÙÅ#∞ á⁄O^Œ~°∞. ^ŒO^ŒfiÉèÏ==Ú `˘ÅQÆ∞#∞ r=#∞‡‰õΩÎ_≥·# W˜ìÜ≥∂y, ^ÕǨÏ`åºQÆ=ÚKÕ =ÚH˜Î K≥O^Œ∞#∞. â’¡II "≥·~åˆQº} =ѨٙêκQÀ #"≥· HÍ~Àº=∞h+≤}Ï P~°OÉèí`«ó „H˜Ü«∂<åâı ã¨fiÜ«∞"Õ∞= qѨ`«ûº`Õ II ǨÏ$`«û~À*ËǨϺǨÏO ~°∂áêÜ«∂ zuifl~°‡ÖÏK«ÖÏ JǨÏOHÍ~° Ѩi`åºQÍ`ü ™êzu~À‡HõΔ^•~Úh II ã¨~Àfiáêkè q#∞~°∞‡HõO z„^Œ∂ѨO Ü«∞xfl~°O`«~°O `«zÛù"ÀÇ¨Ï q∞u^蕺`åfi ã¨~åfiã¨H˜ÎO qã¨~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü II ^Õâ◊*Ï`åºk ã¨O|^•ú<£ =~å‚„â◊=∞ ã¨=∞xfi`å<£ ÉèÏ"å<Õ`å #Êi`«º[º ã¨fiÉèÏ=O ÉèÏ=ÜÕ∞^Œ∞ƒù^Œó II 48 `å : "≥·~åQƺ=ÚKÕ ^ÕǨÏ`åºQÆ=Ú KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. ZO^Œ∞Hõ#QÍ "≥·~åQƺ=Ú#‰õΩ =¸Å"≥∞ÿ# ¿ÇÏÜ«∞|∞k÷ á⁄O^Œ∞@KÕ Láê^èÕÜ«∞|∞kú ‰õÄ_® 45 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
  • 46. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. Hõ~°‡ („H˜Ü«∂) <åâ◊=ÚKÕ `«#O`«`å<Õ <åâ◊# =∞QÆ∞#∞.ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞ Hõ=∞Å=∞O^Œ∞ ''t"ÀǨÏO—— J#∞ x~°‡ÖÏǨÏOHÍ~° Ѩi`åºQÆ=ÚKÕ â◊√^Œú"≥∞ÿ# JK«OK«Å"≥∞ÿ# ã≤÷u á⁄O^Œ∞#∞. t"ÀǨÏO J#∞ ÉèÏ=#`À, Éè’QÍã¨H˜Î q_çz, ^Õâ◊–*Ïu–=~°‚–P„â◊=∞ "≥ÚII ÉèÏ=Ѩi`åºQÆ=ÚKÕ t=ÉèÏ=#<Õ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ ™ê^èŒ# KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. â’¡II JǨÏ"Õ∞"À #"Õ∞HõtÛ`ü <åǨÏ=∞#º#º Hõ㨺z`ü #`«O Ѩâߺq∞ Ü«∞™êºÇ¨ÏO `«O# Ѩâߺq∞Ü≥∂=∞=∞ JǨÏ"Õ∞= Ѩ~°O„|Ǩχ [QÆ<åfl^èÀ =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°ó Wu™êº xfltÛ`À =ÚHÀÎ |^Œúó ™êº^Œ#º^è•Ñ¨Ù=∂<£ Pâ◊s~°O Ü«∞^•`å‡#O Ѩâ◊ºu *Ï˝#K«‰õΔΩëê `«^•Éèí=u âßO`å`å‡ ã¨~°fi`À qQÆ`«ã¨Ê$ǨÏó II Ü≥∂™œ 㨈~fi+¨μ âߢ¿ãÎ+¨μ Ѩ~î°º`Õ Ç¨Ïº[ Dâ◊fi~°ó JHÍÜ≥∂ x~°∞æ}ÀǨº`å‡ ™ÈǨÏ=∞ã≤‡# ã¨Oâ◊Ü«∞ó II `å : <Õ#∞ Hõ¯_ç<Õ, <åÔH=~°∂ ÖË~°∞. <Õ#∞ Z=ih K«∂K«∞> ÖË^Œ∞. Z=~°∂ ##∞fl K«∂K«∞@ÖË^Œ∞. <Õ<ÕѨ~°„|Ǩχ ã¨fi~°∂Ѩ=Ú#∞. =∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°∞_»#∞. J#∞ÉèÏ=# *Ï˝# <Õ„`«=ÚÅ`À Hõey#ѨÙ_»∞, `«##∞ Jâ◊s~°=ÚQÍ ÉèÏqOz âßO`å`«∞‡_»QÆ∞#∞. ã¨HõÅâßG=ÚÅO^Œ∞ J`«_Õ Dâ◊fi~°∞_»x Ñ≤Å∞= |_»∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. JHÍÜ«Ú_»∞, J#QÍ â◊s~°=Ú ÖËx"å_»∞, x~°∞æ}∞_»∞ J~Ú# PP`«‡ xã¨ûOâ◊Ü«∞=ÚQÍ <Õ<Õ JQÆ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. â’¡II q[˝Ñ≤Î =∂„`ÀÇ≤Ï ã¨^•qâ◊√^Œ÷ó ã¨~°fi„`«Ü«∞™ê‡`ü ã¨`«`«O q=ÚHõÎó II <å^ÕÜ«∞ ¿ÇÏÜ≥∂ ǨϺǨÏ=∞„Ѩ`«~°¯ ºó `«™ê‡`ü ã¨^•„|Ǩχ=∞Ü≥∂ qâ’Hõó II P=∞ã¨ÎHõO áê^Œ`«ÖÏ=™ê#O ™êO`«~°˚Ç≤Ïó K«~°‡ ѨÏ=#^Œ÷O II 46
  • 47. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `«`«¯ $`«ûfl "Õ∞"å=∞$`«~°∂Ѩ=∞#º`ü z„^Œ∂Ѩ=∂`å‡ #=∞##º ã≤^ŒúO II Dâ’ǨÏ"Õ∞ "å㨺K«~å K«~°ã¨º Ñ≤`åK« =∂`åK« Ñ≤`å=∞ǨÏâ◊Û II ^蕺#O ã¨=∂™êúÜ«∞ Ѩ^ŒOK«`«∞~°÷O ^蕺ܫ∞Ou =∂"Õ∞= q=ÚHõÎHÍ=∂ó „|Ǩ‡kaèˆ~Ì= =∞#∞+¨º<åÔQ·ó QÆO^èŒ~°fi Ü«∞HõΔѨû~° ™êOQÆ}ˇÿâ◊Û Ü«∞*Ë˝Â~°<ÕÔH· ~°Ç¨Ï"Õ∞= ѨÓ[ºó =∂"Õ∞=㨈~fi„Ѩu ѨÓ[Ü«∞Ou II `å: qt+¨ì K≥·`«#º=ÚQÍ `«##∞ÉèÏqOz, qâ◊√^Œ∞ú_≥· ã¨^• „|Ǩχ=∞Ü«Ú_≥· rqOK«=Öˇ#∞. HÍe#∞O_ç `«Å=~°‰õΩ K«~°‡=Ú`À HõѨÊ|_ç# â◊s~°=Ú֒ѨÅ, |Ü«∞@ J=∞$`« ~°∂ѨÙ_≥·# z„^Œ∂ѨÙ_Õ "≥Å∞Q˘O^Œ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. K«~åK«~°"≥∞ÿ# Dâ◊fi~°∞_Õ `å#∞ `«O„_ç, `«e¡, `å`« JO`å `å<Õ „|Ǩ‡k^Õ=`«Å∞, #~°–<åQÆ–QÆO^èŒ~°fi–Ü«∞HõΔ– JѨÊ~ÀQÆ}=ÚÅ∞ ã¨HõÅ Ü«∞[˝=ÚÅ∞ g@xfl˜KÕ `å<Õ Ñ¨ÓlOѨ |_»∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. â’¡II `«áÈaè~°∞ÔQ„ifiq^è≥·â◊Û^•<≥·ó =∂"Õ∞= 㨈~fi„ѨuѨÓ[Ü«∞Ou Éèí∂`åx KåǨÏO ã≤ú~°[OQÆ=∂x Ü«∂=Ou Kå<åº#ûÇ¨Ï "Õ∞=`åx I #ã¨∂úÅ ã¨∂HΔÀ‡#K« â◊¥#º~°∂áÈ *Ï˝<≥·Hõ~°∂áÈ [QÆ^ÕHõ |O^èŒ∞ó II x~°O`«~À x~°‡Å Dâ◊fi~ÀǨÏO ã¨fiáêfl^Œº=™êúK«∞ºu x¢+¨ÊѨOK«ó II J<åk q*Ï˝# =∞[OѨÙ~å}O QÆ∞Ǩâ◊Ü«∂ x+¨¯Å=∞ „ѨѨOK«O x~°O[#O x¢+¨Êu=∞O xsâ◊=∞^Œ$â◊º=∞ „QÍǨϺ=∞ zO`«º~°∂ѨO II ã¨<å`«#O „|Ǩχx~°O`«~°O Ü«∞`üѨ^Õ-™ÈǨÏq∞u „ѨѨâıº`ü Ü≥∂ÉèÏq`« ã≤Î+¨ìu x¢+¨ÊHõOѨó 㨄|ǨχÉèí∂`À=∞$`å =ÚÃÑ·u I 47 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
  • 48. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `å : L„QÆ`«Ñ¨=ÚÅ∞–^•#=ÚÅ∞, ™êú=~°–[OQÆ=∞=ÚÅ∞– ã¨HÍÅ=ÚÅ∞ `å<Õ JQÆ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. *Ï˝<≥·Hõ~°∂Ѩ"Õ∞ `å#QÆ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞ HÍx, ã¨∂úÅ=Ú, ã¨∂HõΔ=Ú HÍ^Œ∞. JkÖËx x+¨¯Å"≥∞ÿ# ã¨<å`«"≥∞ÿ# „|Ǩχ ã¨fi~°∂Ѩ"Õ∞ `å#∞, W˜ì"å_Õ J=∞$`«∞_»QÆ∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. â’¡II *Ï˝#"Õ∞=O =~å~À¿ÇÏ Hõkè`«O"≥∂HõΔ ã≤^ŒúÜÕ∞ PKå~°O Hõ^茺=∂#O`«∞ ™êO„Ѩ`«O â◊$}∞`«O =∞Ü«∂ II #™êfl#O #[ѨóѨÓ*Ï Ç¨ÏŸ"≥∂ <≥·=K« ™ê^èŒ#O ^èŒ~å‡^èŒ~°‡ Ѷ¨ÅO<åã≤Î#ukäÖ∫H˜Hõ „H˜Ü«∂ ã¨O`«º*Ë`ü ã¨~°fiHõ~å‡}˜ Ö’HÍKå~°OK« ã¨~°fiâ◊ó II `å : "≥∂HõΔã≤k÷ *Ï˝#=Ú=Å# =∂„`«"Õ∞ HõÅÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. ™êfl#–[Ѩ–ѨÓ[–Ǩϟ=∞=ÚÅ=Å¡ ã≤k÷OK«^Œ∞. ˆHΔ„`«Ñ‘~î° xÜ«∞=∞ =ÚÅ∞ nxH˜ÖË=Ù. Ñ≤`«$HÍ~°º=Ú–J~°Û#–f~°÷ Ü«∂„`«–„=`«=ÚÅ∞, ^èŒ~å‡^èŒ~°‡ Ѷ¨e`«=ÚÅ∞, qt+¨ª u^èŒ∞ÅO^Œ∞ KÕÜ«Ú„H˜Ü«∞Å∞ Uq∞Ü«Ú "≥∂HõΔ=Ú x=fi*ÏÅ=Ù. Ö’HÍKå~°=Ú "≥∂HõΔ=Ú HÀ~°∞"å_»∞ q_»zÃÑ@ì=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. â’¡II ã¨=∞Ü«∂Kå~° xâı≈ëê<£ Hõ$`«*Ï`«O`«∞ |O^èŒ#O ã¨OHõÅÊOK« qHõÅÊOK« ÜÕ∞Kå<Õº ‰õΩÅ^è•i‡HÍó II ã≤kúâ◊Û qq^è•HÍ~å áê`åÖÏk ~°™êÜ«∞#O „Ѩ`«ºˆHΔ}ÏÑ≤ ÅÉè˺~°<£ <≥·=QÆ$Ç‘Ï‚`« ™ê^èŒHõó II 㨈~fi`Õ Ñ¨â◊√|O^è•óã¨∞ºó J^äÀ=∂~°æ „Ѩ^•Ü«∞HÍ U`≥· ~åflã≤ΠѨ~å=ÚH˜Îó z„^Œ∂ѨO "åºÑ¨HõO q<å ÜÕ∞# ˆH# qâı¿+} ã¨~åfi=™ÈúÑ≤ Ü≥∂QÆ^èŒ$`ü ˆHΔ„`«Ñ‘ˆ~îK« ã¨O^ÕǨ`ü =~°˚ ÜÕ∞^Œºk H“`«∞Hõ"£∞ II 48
  • 49. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `å: H“à◊^èŒ~°‡=ÚHÍx, ã¨=∞Ü«∂Kå~°=Ú HÍx ã¨OHõÅÊ qHõÅÊ=ÚÅ∞ W=xflÜ«¸ "≥∂HõΔã≤kÌ x=fiÖË=Ù. ~°™êÜ«∞<åk ã≤^Œ∞úÅ∞ „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«~å^Œ∞. Wq™ê^茉õΩ_»∞ =i˚OK«=Öˇ#∞. W=xflÜ«¸ Ѩâ◊√|O^èŒ HÍ~°Hõ=ÚÅ∞ g˜=Å¡ =ÚH˜Î ã≤kúOK«^Œ∞ g˜Ü«∞O^Œ∞ "≥∂ǨÏ=Ú q_»zÃÑ@ì=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. â’¡II Hõ$q∞H©@ Ѩ`«OQÍOâ◊Û `«^è•^Õq =#ã¨Êf<£ #<åâ◊ÜÕ∞^£ |∞^èÀr"å<£ Ѩ~°=∂~°÷ =∞u~°º`«ó II #=¸Ö’`åÊ@#O ‰õΩ~åº`ü Ѩ„`«KÕÛù^ŒO qã¨~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü Éèí∂`«Ñ‘_®O #‰õΩsfi`« ѨÙëêÊ}ÏOK« xHõ$O`«#O I ã¨fiÜ«∞O Ѩu`« Ѩٿ+ÂÊã¨∞Î Hõ~°Î=ºO t=ѨÓ[#O =∂~°}ÀKåÛ@<ånx q^Õfi+¨ ã¨ÎOÉèË`«^ä• II [fi~°Éèí∂`« „QÆǨ"Õâ◊ =âߺHõ~°¬} "≥∂ǨÏ#O # ‰õΩ~åº`ü ‰õΔΩ„^ŒHõ~å‡}˜ HÍ+¨ªáêëê} ѨÓ[#O II `å: Ѩ~°=∂~°ú|∞k÷ QÆÅ"å_»∞ „H˜q∞H©@HÍѨHõΔ *ÏÅ=Ú#∞ Ç≤ÏOã≤OK« ~å^Œ∞. P‰õΩ‰õÄ_® „`«∞OK«~å^Œ∞. ѨÓ=ÙÅ∞ HÀÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. Éèí∂`«ÉÏ^èŒ KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. <ÕÅÃÑ· Ѩ_ç# ѨÓ=ÙÅ`À<Õ t=ѨÓ[ KÕÜ«∞=Öˇ#∞. =∂~°} q^Õfi+¨} ã¨ÎOÉèí<åkHõ~°‡ ÖÏK«iOK«~å^Œ∞. ~å~Ú, K≥Hõ¯ q„QÆǨÏ=ÚÅ#∞ ѨÓlOK«~å^Œ∞. â’¡II ã¨"≥∂ q∞„`ÕK« q∞„`ÕK« ã¨"≥∂Ö’¿+ªK« HÍOK«<Õ JaèÖÏëÈ# Hõ~°Î=ºó WO„kÜ«∂ˆ~ú Hõ^•K«# II P`å‡~å"≥∂ Éèí"Õ^Àºw x~°ƒÜ≥∂ qQÆ`«ã¨Ê$ǨÏó ã¨=∞xO^• „Ѩâ◊Oã¨â◊Û ã¨~°fiÉèí∂`« ã¨=∞ã¨Î^è• ó ã¨=∞^Œ$+≤ìã¨∞Î Hõ~°Î"åº Ü«∞^ä•`«‡x `«^è•Ñ¨ˆ~ q"å^ŒO Ö’HõQÀ+≤ªOK« HõÅǨOâ◊Û q=~°˚ÜÕ∞`ü II D~嬺O ÃÑ· â◊¥#º^ŒOÉèËK« ~åQÆO =∂`«û~°º"Õ∞=K« HÍ=∞„HÀ^èÒ ÉèíÜ«∞Oâ’HõO `«º*Ë`ü ã¨~°fiO â◊<≥·ó â◊<≥· 49 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O
  • 50. `«O„`«âßG„QÆO^ä•=o "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü `å : q∞„`«–â◊`«$=ÙÅO^Œ∞ ã¨=∞^Œ$+≤ì Hõey Ü«ÚO_»=Öˇ#∞. xO^•ã¨∞Î`«∞Å#∞ ã¨=∞=ÚQÍ „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. P`«‡Ü«∞O^Œ∞ W`«~°∞Å Ü«∞O^Œ∞ ã¨=∞|∞kú HõeyÜ«ÚO_»=Öˇ#∞. "å^Œ=Ú–QÀ+≤ª– D~°¬º –Ñ≤ã≤<åi`«#=Ú. „¿Ñ=∞, =∂`«û~°º=ÚÅ∞ HÍ=∞–„HÀ^è•^Œ∞Å∞, â’HõO W=xflÜ«¸ „Hõ=∞=ÚQÍ <≥=∞‡k<≥=∞‡kQÍ q_»zÃÑ@ì =ÅÜ«Ú#∞. â’¡II âßGQÀ+≤ìO# ‰õΩsfi`« ‰õΩÉèÏ+≤`« ã¨∞ÉèÏ+≤`å<£ I ã¨~°fi^ŒfiO^Œfi q#∞~°∞‡HõÎó ã¨O`«`«O [#=i˚`«ó J<Õ<≥·= â◊sˆ~} ã¨~°fi[˝ó #<£ „ѨHÍâ◊`Õ II *Ï]<Õ<≥·= Ü«∞^è•"≥∂HõΔó `«^ä•ã≤k÷ó x~°~°úHÍ `«^è•Ñ≤ Éè’QÆq∞K«ÛùOu ã≤kúq∞K«ÛùOu ™ê^èŒHÍó II J}˜=∂k QÆ∞}Ï"åºÑ≤Îó *ÏÜ«∞`åO "å#*ÏÜ«∞`åO `«^è•Ñ≤ =ÚK«º`Õ ^ÕÇ≤Ï Ñ¨uO q*Ï˝Ü«∞ x~°‡ÖÏ II ѨOK«Éèí∂ `å`«‡HÀ^ÕǨó t=ã¨Î¢`≥·= u+¨ªu t"å^Œº=x Ѩ~°ºO`À Ö’HÀÜ«∞O â◊OHõ~å`«‡Hõó II `å : âßG K«~°ÛÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞~å^Œ∞. UHÍO`«=ÚQÍ `«`«fizO`«# KÕÜ«∞=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. J}˜=∂k ã≤^Œ∞úÅ∞ HõÅ∞QÆh, HõÅ∞QÆHõáÈh, *Ï˝#=Ú =Å# =∂„`«"Õ∞ "≥∂HõΔ=Ú ã≤kúOK«∞#∞. ѨOK«Éèí∂`å`«‡Hõ"≥∞ÿ# ^ÕǨÏ=Ú#O^Œ∞ t=Ù_»∞<åfl_»∞ t=Ùx #∞O_ç J=x=~°‰õΩ JO`å â◊OHõ~°ã¨fi~°∂Ѩ"Õ∞ JQÆ∞K«∞#flk. â’¡II D^Œ$â◊O *Ï˝x#O^Œ$ëêìfi ѨÓ[Ü«∞Ou K«ÜÕ∞#~åó QÆO^èŒO ѨÙ+¨Ê Ѷ¨ÅO ^èŒ∂ѨO ™êfl#O =GOK« Éè’[#O II x"Õ^ŒÜ«∞Ou ÜÕ∞ˆHz`ü "åOQƇ#óHÍÜ«∞ Hõ~°‡aèó `«^ä≥·=`Õ q=ÚK«ºO`Õ =ÚH˜Î=∂~åæaè HÍOH˜Δ}ó I ã¨∞ÎuxO^• Hõ~åã¨Î㨺 ѨÙ}ºáê¿Ñ ã¨=∂ѨÙflÜ«Úó 50
  • 51. "Õ∞_»=~°Ñ¨Ùã¨OѨ`ü‰õΩ=∂~ü Ü«∞^£ *Ï˝<åK«~°}O Ѩ$+¨ìO `«`üã¨~°fiO Hõkè`«O=∞Ü«∂ HÍÅ*Ï˝#O =~å~À¿ÇÏ H˜=∞#º`ü ѨiѨ$K«Ûùã≤ II `å : W@∞=O˜ ã≤÷uQÆey# "åix ѨÓlOK«=ÅÜ«Ú#∞. WkÜÕ∞ *Ï˝<åK«~°} JQÆ∞K«∞#flk. =ÚH˜ÎQÀ~°∞"å~°∞ ã≤^Œ∞÷ʼnõΩ ã¨=∞iÊOK«∞ QÆO^èŒ, ѨÙ+¨Ê Ѷ¨Å, ^èŒ∂Ѩ, ™êfl# =G Éè’[=ÚÅ =Å# *Ï˝#ã≤k÷ HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. WkÜÕ∞ HÍÅ*Ï˝#=∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. Wu ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞ó t"å~°Ê}=∞ã¨∞Î II 51 ^ÕgHÍÖ’`«Î~åQÆ=∞O