1.
Communication Network

2.
Communication
Network
Internal
Vertical
Downward Upward
Diagonal Horizontal
External

3.
BLUE
GREEN
RED
BROWN
YELLOW
BLACK

4.
BLUE
GREEN
RED
BROWN
YELLOW
BLACK

5.
External Communication
⚫Outside theorganization Communication.
⚫Links theorganization with outsideworld.

6.
Example
⚫Communication between heads of twoorganizations.

7.
Internal communication
⚫Inside theorganization communication.
⚫Takes place in different directions.

8.
Example
⚫Communication between teacherand student in a
university.

9.
Vertical Communication
• Upward communication
• Downward Communication

10.
Vertical Communication
Vertical communication is communication that flows
both upand down theorganization.
It is thecommunication that takes place between
managers and theirsuperiors and subordinates.
Vertical communication may involve only two
persons, or it may flow through several different
organizational levels.

11.
Downward Communication
. It occurswhen information flows
down the hierarchy from
high level to low level.
Example: When your boss shares information with you, it’s
downward communication, becauseyour boss, as yoursupervisor,
is communicating with you as an employee orsubordinate.

12.
Main objectives:
Togive specific directions tosubordinatesabout the
jobentrusted.
 Toexplainorganizational policiesand procedures.
 Toapprise the subordinatesof their performance.

13.
Advantages of Downward Communication
 Useful for management
The management finds it useful tocommunicate necessary
official information tosubordinates.
 Useful foremployees
Downward communication is useful forsubordinates as
theyarewell informed about theirwork from time to time.
 A Senseof belonging
In downward communication, thesubordinates carrya
strong feeling of participation in the management of the
organization. They regard themselves as important
subordinates.

14.
Disadvantages of Downward Communication
Distortion
Downward communication has to pass through many
levels of authority, so there is a delay as well as distortion
of the message.
Authoritarian approach
In downward communication, there is too much
concentration of authority at the higher level. As people
in the lower levels are merely receivers of decisions. So
they unconsciously receive such message and
miscommunication results.

15.
Overand underCommunication
Downward communication suffers from over
communicationor under-communication. Inover-
communicationsupervisors talk too much and merely
waste the timeof his subordinates.
In under-communication, the supervisordoes not
talkenough and leaves his subordinates to his guessing
aboutwhat he wants them todo

16.
Upward Communication
 Upward communication is the
process of information flowing from
the low levels of hierarchy to the
upper levels.
 This flow is usually
from subordinates to theirdirect
superior, then to that person’s
direct superior, and so on up
the hierarchy.
Example: When you giveyoursupervisor
feedback about a new system or patron, it’s
upward communication

17.
Methods of Upward Communication
 Open-door policy: Employees are given a feeling that
theirviews, suggestionsarealways welcome by superiors.
 Complaintsand suggestion Boxes: Are installed in the
company. Employees are encouraged to drop in these
boxes.
 Direct Correspondence: Writedirectly to superiorsor
managers.
 Counseling: Employeesareencouraged to talk to their
superiorsof theirproblems.

18.
Advantages of Upnward Communication
Fosters Friendly Relations
Upward communication helps to bring about co-
operation, goodwill and understanding among superiors
and subordinates. This stimulates friendly relations.
ProvidesValuable Feedback
Upward communication providesavaluable feedback.
The superiors come to know how their plans and
policies; orders and instructionsare being received and
executed.

19.
Making Suggestions
The subordinatesareencouraged to make suggestions
in the interest of the organization. Some of these
suggestions prove useful, and the subordinates are
suitablyrewarded

20.
Disadvantages of Upward Communication
Resistance From Subordinates
Subordinates rarely initiate upward communicationas
they are afraid of being ignored.so they hesitate to
initiate itagain.
Fearof Incompetence
The subordinatescommunicating with the superiors
fear that their colleagues or work may be regarded by
theirsuperioras a reflection on theirowncompetence.

21.
 Indecisive Superiors
If the superiorsdo not takeanydecision in the light
of upward communication, the subordinates loss
confidence in theirsuperiors.

22.
Diagonal Communication
Diagonal Communication takes placeatdifferent
levels in the hierarchy.
Itoccurs both ways, that is, from the upper level to low
level and viceversa.
The path is mixtureof vertical and horizontal
movement.

23.
In large communicationsvariousdepartments need
communicationsupport from each other.
Diagonal communication aims at discussing such
mattersas pertain to theexecutionof the plans and
policies of an organization to meet its business
objectives.

24.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Diagonal
Communication
The path is mixture of vertical and horizontal
movement. So diagonal communication has all the
advantages and disadvantages of both, horizontal and
vertical communication.

25.
Horizontal Communication
Takes place between individuals of equal
hierarchical rank and is more informal
than either downward or upward
communication

26.
Functions of Horizontal
Communication
It helps employees fulfill theirsocialization
needs.
It helpsemployeesand departmentscoordinate
their activitieswith oneanother.
It helpsothers betterunderstand individual and
departmental responsibilities.
It helps individualssolve theirown problems before
others have to become involved.

27.
ADVANTAGES OF HORIZONTAL
COMMUNICATION:-
⚫Co-ordination
⚫Fastercommunication
25

28.
DISADVANTAGES OF HORIZONTAL
COMMUNICATION:-
⚫Lack of motivation
⚫Presenceof physical
barriers
26

29.
Examples of Horizontal
Communication

30.
The marketing manager can
communicate with production
manager at the same level without
any difficulty.

31.
By horizontal communication army and rangers
employees co-ordinate with each other.
Manager can better understand his responsibility
inside his perimeter.
It enhances the self actualization among the
people in society.

32.
HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
30
Supervisors
Staff
Departments
Top-level
managers
Lower-level
managers
Departments